Biologia futura最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating model-agnostic post-hoc methods in explainable artificial intelligence: augmenting species distribution models.","authors":"Don Enrico Buebos-Esteve, Nikki Heherson A Dagamac","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00288-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00288-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species distribution models (SDMs) remotely guide conservation programs for endangered species by estimating potential reserve areas based on a set of environmental features. Most SDM research only explains their predictions across the study area (global), effectively disregarding the predictions for specific sites (local) where conservation-related activities are confined. This study aims to address this spatial gap in explainability by applying model-agnostic post-hoc methods in explainable artificial intelligence for SDM at two scopes. These methods explain the importance, effects, and interactions of bioclimatic features on the SDM for Mindoro warty pigs (Sus oliveri), an emblematic yet endangered endemic fauna in Mindoro Island, Philippines. Areas with a high predicted probability of presence coincide with higher elevation, spanning the Mindoro Mountain Range. Global explainability methods-Permutation Feature Importance, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), and Accumulated Local Effect-reveal that annual precipitation mostly accounts for this island-wide trend, with more rain corresponding to higher probabilities. This is also observed using local explainability methods-SHAP, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations, and Break Down-for the respective predictions on three potential conservation sites. The cumulative effect of bioclimatic features in these ~ 1 km² sites-within Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park, Upper Amnay Watershed, and Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary-is a decrease in the predicted probability of presence. This calls for improved local monitoring of Mindoro warty pig populations. While building upon our ongoing efforts for its conservation in Mindoro Island, this study also extends the pipeline for SDM using explainability methods, thereby opening a new axis for interpreting SDM predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"585-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the standard: a comprehensive review of innovative experimental models using Tenebrio molitor larvae.","authors":"Anamaria Mendonça Santos, Cláudio Carvalho Santana Júnior, José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior, Ana Maria Santos Oliveira, Gomathi Rajkumar, Izabel Almeida Alves, Mairim Russo Serafini","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00284-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00284-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects are considered as an alternative in vivo model for evaluating various biological activities. Among them, larvae stand out as experimental model due to the low economic value during maintenance, in addition to the low demand and easy handling. Tenebrio molitor larvae are receiving attention as alternative methods in determination of efficacy studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to review experimental models that use T. molitor larvae as alternatives in defining the biological activities, safety, and effectiveness of new drugs. The current review was conducted using online journal databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase without geographical, publication date, or filtering restrictions. The search obtained a total of 5781 documents which were evaluated according to the focus of the review, reaching 14 articles. Thus, the systematic search strategy was developed to encompass all published papers that explore the use of larvae in experimental studies, particularly those investigating the biological activity and/or characterization of drugs/compounds. The selected articles were classified according to the methodologies used, such as toxicity, antimicrobial, and other types of assessments. Despite the results, there is still a lack of studies that use this model as a source for evaluating drugs and possible therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"479-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive response of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) flowers to low sunlight intensity.","authors":"Debal Deb, Sreejata Dutta, Mahendra Nauri","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00277-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00277-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Records of sunlight intensity at anthesis of 388 rice landraces (with 32 replicated populations), flowering in the short-day season of 2022, reveal that under cloudy condition, the rice florets tend to open later, or the sunrise-to-anthesis duration (SAD) is longer when rice florets open than at sunny period. This difference in the length of SAD was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001), confirmed by a two-sample permutation test with 10,000 iterations. This finding corroborates our general observation previously reported from a larger set of 1114 landraces (including the 388 landraces examined in this study). However, the intensity of sunlight at the flower opening time (FOT) may not remain uniformly sunny (high illuminance) or cloudy (low illuminance, < 40,000 lx) until the flower closing time (FCT). To understand the effect of uniformly low sunlight intensity, we subsequently recorded solar illuminance at FOT of 33 landrace populations (including 8 repeats). Half of each population was kept under artificial shade, compared to the other half exposed to sunlight. This experiment revealed that low illuminance, mimicking overcast days, significantly (p < 0.02) delays FOT and lengthens SAD, corroborating the pattern detected in our earlier findings. Permutation test with 10,000 iterations decisively confirms (p < 0.0001) the prolongation of SAD under shade and cloudy conditions. Experimental shading has an indeterminate effect on flower exposure duration (FED) of the same landraces. We surmise that the delayed FOT during natural cloudy period is an adaptation in rice plants in anticipation of rain, for protection of the pollen from rainwash.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"507-519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of soil fertility and enzymatic activity by wastewater sludge compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in giant reed's rhizosphere.","authors":"Ambrus Rév, István Parádi, Anna Füzy, Péter Juhász, Katica Kocsis, Imre Cseresnyés, Tünde Takács","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00286-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00286-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of low-dose, commercially available wastewater sludge compost (WSC; 15 t ha^-1) treatment was examined with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation on the nutritional status, heavy metal (HM) concentration and the rhizosphere activity of giant reed (Arundo donax L. var. BL clone (Blossom)) plants. Funneliformis mosseae (BEG12; AMF1), F. geosporum (BEG11; AMF2) or their combination (AMFmix) were applied as AMF treatments in a short-term pot experiment. The physiological and growth parameters of the host plants, the AMF root colonization and the microbiological enzyme activity of the mycorrhizosphere were examined. We assumed that the combined treatment (WSC + AMF) enhances the fertility of low-fertility acidic sandy soil. Neither the WSC treatment nor the AMF inoculations changed the extent of root colonization. Based on the results of root electrical capacitance and the phosphorous uptake, plant nutritional status was improved by WSC addition, without any negative impacts among the measured parameters. AMF treatments increased the enzyme activity in the soil and decreased the concentrations of the potentially toxic HMs (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in roots, but that mitigation of Cu and Zn was compensated in shoots. According to the results of MicroResp™ measurements, the catabolic activity profile of the soil microbial community was changed in case of the AMF2 treatment. The efficient regulatory mechanism of giant reed might be able to adjust optimal/maximal colonization rate, and to select the preferential AMF partners, this supposed mechanism might be responsible for its invasiveness and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"559-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into ochratoxin A biodegradation.","authors":"Renáta Ábrahám, Erzsébet Baka, Mohammed Al-Nussairawi, András Táncsics, Milán Farkas, István Nagy, Balázs Kriszt, Mátyás Cserháti","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the agricultural products can potentially be exposed to mycotoxins-especially to ochratoxin A (OTA)-, which may cause foodborne diseases such as renal toxicity and notable economic losses worldwide. Biological detoxification is the most promising method to control OTA contamination. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this review summarizes the biodegradation pathways of OTA and discusses microbes capable of degrading OTA and their detoxification strategies. A detailed analysis of potentially useful enzymes for food and feed detoxification will be reported, highlighting specific enzymatic strategies identified in scientific literature. A comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of different OTA hydrolases demonstrates significant variation in degradation efficiency, thus the optimization of these enzymes is essential for the development of effective detoxification strategies. This review underscores the potential of harnessing these microorganisms and their enzymes for mitigating the toxic effects of OTA in contaminated environment and examining the essential requirements that must be met for the successful application of OTA degrading enzyme technology for promoting public health and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"315-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular Ca²⁺ waves in mammalian cells.","authors":"Fruzsina Fazekas, Lilla Vasbányai, Eszter Berekméri","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00270-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00270-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular calcium waves refer to the coordinated propagation of increased free calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration in the cytoplasm. Ca²⁺ is one of the major intracellular second messengers which coordinates many cells function including gene transcription, division, and cell apoptosis. The spread of the ions in the cytoplasm is not the same in all cell types. Experiments indicate the strength of the stimuli, the site of the first Ca²⁺ entry and the localization of the organelles influence the Ca²⁺ propagation and may lead to functional compartmentalization. Polarized cells with complex anatomy already have anatomical subparts (like processes) which elevate the probability of the functional separation between the cell parts. Cells are stimulated at special parts where the receptors/channels are located. Ca²⁺ enters the cell via ligand or voltage gated calcium channels, connexin channels from the neighboring cells or with the activation of G-protein coupled receptors which activate Ca²⁺ release from the cytosolic Ca²⁺ stores. The emptying stores may activate store-operated Ca²⁺ channels, too. These local signals could globalize and elevate free Ca²⁺ concentration in the cells. Smaller, more compact cells form a uniformly activated cell, however, in polarized cells this cannot happen in each time, leads to spatiotemporally different subpart activation. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms of the cells which involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and the possible methods how a single event (a Ca²⁺ spike) can form slow intracellular Ca²⁺ wave and globalized signal. Intracellular Ca²⁺ waves were found in multiple cell types starting with simple egg cells. Here, we bring examples to anatomically more complex polarized cells with processes, but without excitability: the radial glia, astrocytes, Müller glia and osteocytes as a cell does not connect strongly to sensory-neural structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easternmost distribution of Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) in Slovakia: urgent need for advanced detection and interregional monitoring.","authors":"Balázs Kolics, Éva Kolics, Zoltán Ács, Helena Mališová Proková, Katarína Baldaufová Senková, Dušan Senko","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00262-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00262-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) continues its spread across Europe, posing a significant threat to biodiversity, viticulture, and apiculture. This study reports the first molecular data of the invasive yellowlegged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Slovakia, confirmed through molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Radio telemetry successfully located the nest within inaccessible private property, highlighting the technique's crucial role in early detection. This finding, along with the need for manual tracking techniques, public awareness campaigns, and regional monitoring programs, underscores the urgent need for proactive legal frameworks to facilitate the use of radio telemetry and ensure timely intervention to prevent further spread and mitigate the ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species in Slovakia and neighboring countries. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of continued research and development of radio telemetry techniques, including improved signal range and integration with drone technology, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of V. velutina detection and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobacterial diversity exhibiting biotic stress tolerance in association with wheat-cotton crop rotation: Implications for plant-microbe interactions and agroecosystem resilience.","authors":"Seema Aslam, Muhammad Babar, Ghulam Shabir, Tahir Naqqash, Florian M W Grundler","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00269-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00269-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biotic stress, particularly from fungal diseases, significantly impedes agricultural productivity worldwide. To meet the increasing demand for sustainable food production, environment-friendly and cost-effective solutions are needed. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provide a sustainable alternative by enhancing plant health and acting as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and biocontrol potential of biotic stress-tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton and wheat plants infected with fungi in a cotton-wheat rotation area. A total of 136 rhizobacteria were isolated and screened for their in-vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Among these, 108 isolates demonstrated antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Additionally, various biocontrol-linked traits were assessed, including hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, starch hydrolysis, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, enzyme production (pectinase, protease, gelatinase, catalase) and biofilm formation. The results showed that 88 isolates exhibited pectinase activity, 105 showed biofilm formation and EPS production, 20 demonstrated protease production, 93 showed starch hydrolysis activity. Only three isolates produced hydrogen cyanide. Gelatinase activity was observed in 124 isolates, while catalase activity was detected in 87 isolates. Genetic diversity analysis of the tolerant rhizobacteria was performed using REP, ERIC, and (GTG)₅-PCR fingerprinting. The dendrogram constructed from (GTG)₅ and REP-PCR fingerprint profiles indicated greater diversity. Moreover, all three PCR-primers effectively differentiated the cotton rhizosphere isolates from those obtained from the wheat rhizosphere, indicating a distinct resident bacterial community despite the cotton-wheat rotation. These findings suggest the presence of diverse, biotic stress-tolerant rhizobacteria in the cotton-wheat rotation area, which could be utilized as potential biocontrol agents against fungal plant diseases. However, further research is required to explore the pathways underlying their antifungal potential and to develop sustainable and efficient bio-formulations for field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"451-464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting growth parameters of biofertilizer inoculated pepper, using root capacitance assessments and artificial neural networks in two soils.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Peter Sarcevic, Ákos Odry, Borbála Biró, Ingrid Gyalai, Enikő Papdi, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring the root system plays an important role in understanding plant physiological processes; however, its assessment using non-destructive methods remains challenging. Here, we evaluate the utility of root capacitance (C_R) as a practical indicator of root function and its relationship to plant growth parameters in Capsicum annuum L. To improve the accuracy of root function assessment, we applied artificial neural networks (ANN) as a novel data evaluation approach, comparing its predictive performance against multiple linear regression (MLR). Across two soil types (sandy and sandy loam), we applied multiple treatments ranging from microbial inoculants to wool pellet and inorganic nitrogen sources primarily to test whether C_R could detect differences in root activity and biomass production under different conditions. We measured root dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, and leaf N content, treating these variables as independent predictors in a statistical framework. Multiple linear regression (MLR) initially showed strong relationship between C_R and both root and shoot biomass in sandy soil, and between C_R and total plant N content in sandy loam. However, an ANN model consistently outperformed MLR in predicting C_R from plant physiological parameters, as evidenced by lower mean absolute error (MAE) in all treatments. These findings confirm that C_R correlates strongly with plant growth parameters and can reliably distinguish the effects of different soil amendments even those with markedly different nutrient-release profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"383-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen supplying capability of wool pellets as an alternative fertilizer depending on soil biological activity.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Enikő Papdi, Ingrid Gyalai, Borbála Biró, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pellets made from waste wool, typically sourced from sheep shearing residues generated by the textile or wool industry, have recently emerged as a promising alternative for plant nutrition. However, limited information is available on the impact of wool pellets (WP), applied at a dosage of 4 g per pot, on soil functioning, biological activity, plant physiology, and nutrient supply. A pot experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates on sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of WP on permanganate-oxidizable carbon, fluorescein diacetate, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities were investigated in two soils differing in their soil organic matter (SOM) contents (low and high) and compared to the control and a reference N fertilizer solution. The nitrate and total nitrogen content of plants, the photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange intensity, shoot and root biomass, pepper fruit, and photosynthetic rate per total N-uptake were also examined. WP treatments (4 g per pot) increased soil biological activity in both soil types (with 0.58% and 1.84% soil organic matter, respectively) and significantly improved plant physiological parameters and N-use efficiency compared to the control and reference N fertilizer addition. Although the total N content in wool pellets was higher than in the mineral reference N-solution, this reference treatment served as a baseline dose allowing comparison with the N-supply intensity of the WP. WP significantly increased shoot biomass in both soil types, with a more pronounced effect in the low SOM soil due to faster mineralization and higher air capacity. In contrast, higher fruit was achieved in the high SOM soil. WP treatment increased N-uptake to 2.18 and 2.34 mg/week in low and high SOM, respectively. The research findings highlight wool pellets as a powerful alternative to inorganic fertilizers, offering a sustainable nutrient supply. Moreover, utilizing wool a by-product often considered waste as an organic fertilizer contributes to solving both economic and environmental challenges associated with wool disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"419-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}