{"title":"Chromosomal R-loops: who R they?","authors":"Lóránt Székvölgyi","doi":"10.1007/s42977-024-00213-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>R-loops, composed of DNA-RNA hybrids and displaced single-stranded DNA, are known to pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Therefore, extensive research has focused on identifying regulatory proteins involved in controlling R-loop levels. These proteins play critical roles in preventing R-loop accumulation and associated genome instability. Herein I summarize recent knowledge on R-loop regulators affecting R-loop homeostasis, involving a wide array of R-loop screening methods that have enabled their characterization, from forward genetic and siRNA-based screens to proximity labeling and machine learning. These approaches not only deepen our understanding on R-loop formation processes, but also hold promise to find new targets in R-loop dysregulation associated with human pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-024-00213-7","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/3/8 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
R-loops, composed of DNA-RNA hybrids and displaced single-stranded DNA, are known to pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Therefore, extensive research has focused on identifying regulatory proteins involved in controlling R-loop levels. These proteins play critical roles in preventing R-loop accumulation and associated genome instability. Herein I summarize recent knowledge on R-loop regulators affecting R-loop homeostasis, involving a wide array of R-loop screening methods that have enabled their characterization, from forward genetic and siRNA-based screens to proximity labeling and machine learning. These approaches not only deepen our understanding on R-loop formation processes, but also hold promise to find new targets in R-loop dysregulation associated with human pathologies.
众所周知，由 DNA-RNA 杂交体和移位的单链 DNA 组成的 R 环对基因组完整性构成严重威胁。因此，大量研究都集中在识别参与控制 R 环水平的调控蛋白上。这些蛋白在防止 R 环积累和相关基因组不稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。在此，我总结了有关影响 R 环平衡的 R 环调控因子的最新知识，这些知识涉及多种 R 环筛选方法，从基于正向遗传和 siRNA 的筛选到近似标记和机器学习，这些方法都能对 R 环进行表征。这些方法不仅加深了我们对R环形成过程的理解，而且有望找到与人类病症相关的R环失调的新靶点。
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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