Beneficial microbes最新文献

{"title":"The impact of Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1112 on chronic constipation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"W Liu, J Wang, Y Xue, J Li, Y Huang, S Zhu, L Wang, G Wang, W Chen, J Zhao","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mounting body of evidence suggests that probiotics may mitigate constipation through their favourable modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic byproducts. The precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be fully elucidated. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigates the clinical efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) CCFM1112 in treating chronic constipation. Fifty-six volunteers diagnosed with chronic constipation according to the Rome IV criteria were randomly assigned to either the B. longum CCFM1112 group or a placebo group for a 4-week intervention. Key outcomes measured included weekly spontaneous bowel movements (SBM), stool consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale [BSFS]), Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire, and Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire. In addition, gut microbiota was detected using metagenomic sequencing, and non targeted metabolomics was used to detect fecal and serum metabolites. Results demonstrated that B. longum CCFM1112 significantly reduced PAC-QOL scores and improved BSFS in patients with chronic constipation. Correlation analyses revealed that B. longum CCFM1112 significantly increased the abundance of the genera Blautia, Anaerobutyricum, and Streptococcus. Furthermore, the abundance of species, including Blautia massiliensis, Blautia sp. SC05B48, Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Streptococcus salivarius, was also significantly elevated. Furthermore, it elevated fecal levels of linoleic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and arachidonic acid, while increasing L-glutamic acid and decreasing adenosine in serum. Our research findings provide evidence that the intake of B. longum CCFM1112 can alleviate constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Probiotic reduces vaginal HPV abundance, improves immunity and quality of life in HPV-positive women: a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind study (DOI: 10.1163/18762891-bja00079).","authors":"P Xu, U Mageswary, A A Nisaa, S D Balasubramaniam, S B Samsudin, N I B M Rusdi, A R A Jerip, C E Oon, M H A Bakar, D Rajendran, J J Tan, F F Roslan, S Sreenivasan, V Balakrishnan, S B Sany, C S Tan, M T Liong","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20250001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20250001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut-breast axis modulation through Streptococcus thermophilus TCI633 supplementation: a study on mother-infant microbiome dynamics.","authors":"C-C Chen, T-Y Lin, W-K Wu, S Panyod, Y-K Lin, Y-H Lin, S-T Chan, M-S Wu, C-N Lee, C-F Chiang","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast milk provides essential nutrition and bioactive components, including probiotics, which contribute to the development of a balanced infant microbiota and a strengthened immune system. The gut-breast axis theory suggests that the maternal gut microbiota may influence the microbiota and composition of breast milk through immune-mediated signaling. This study aimed to investigate the colonization potential of S. thermophilus TCI633 in the infant gut and to explore its possible transfer via the gut-breast axis. A total of 30 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were recruited. Mothers took TCI633 daily for one month following hospital discharge. Breast milk, maternal feces, and infant fecal samples were collected and analyzed for microbiota composition, S. thermophilus abundance, and detection of TCI633-specific gene fragments. Results showed minor changes in the microbiota composition of breast milk and fecal samples in the TCI633 group, with a slight increase in S. thermophilus abundance. Furthermore, TCI633-specific gene fragments were detected in 66.7% of infant fecal samples, suggesting potential microbial transfer and colonisation. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of TCI633 transmission via the gut-breast axis, although further research is needed to determine its functional significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 supplementation on the gut microbiota and metabolic health of alcohol-consuming individuals: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Y Liu, J Wang, Y Gao, Z Wang, C Zhu, F Xu, Y Chen","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>this study explored the impact of BLa80 (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) and LRa05 (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus) on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic indicators of volunteers with alcohol-consuming habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>in this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the impacts of a probiotic complex containing BLa80 and LRa05 (BLC) on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and uric acid levels in healthy participants. A total of 112 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (maltodextrin) or the intervention (maltodextrin + BLC at 20 billion colony-forming units/day) for eight weeks. Gut microbiota alterations were monitored via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while fecal SCFAs were quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Key metabolic indicators, including ALT, AST, and uric acid, were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BLC intervention maintained the gut microbiota composition in participants with alcohol consumption habits, notably increasing the abundance of beneficial genera such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum. Significant alterations were observed in the levels of acetic acid, valeric acid, and total SCFAs, suggesting a favourable influence on gut health and metabolic function. Furthermore, BLC showed potential for improving serum uric acid levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>supplementation with BLC appears to beneficially modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, aiding in the management of alcohol-related gastrointestinal disturbances and dependency. These findings highlight BLC's potential as a therapeutic adjunct for alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, offering a non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate metabolic risks and improve gut barrier integrity in individuals with chronic alcohol consumption. This intervention may significantly contribute to gut health improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of probiotics in the improvement of cognitive performance of older adults: a meta-analysis.","authors":"C Wiegers, S Doğan, M Metzelaar, O F A Larsen","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With our increasing lifespan comes an increasing prevalence of age-related neurological diseases, which are often difficult to treat. The gut-brain axis may provide opportunities for cognitive health improvement through gut microbiota-targeting interventions, such as probiotics. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the clinical potential of probiotics for the amelioration of cognitive functioning in older adults. Systematic searches were executed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve published records of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Records were assessed to fit the criteria of focusing on probiotic supplementation with cognitive functioning as the main outcome. After screening and assessment of 56 identified records, 20 RCTs were included for analysis. Reported means and standard deviations of cognitive test scores were used to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) with a random effects model. Where applicable, blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were taken as a secondary outcome. Based on the calculated SMDs it appears, overall, that supplementation of probiotics tends to have positive effects on both cognitive performance and reduction of inflammatory markers in older adults, albeit not significant (SMD [95%CI] = 0.19 [-0.13, 0.52] for cognitive performance, and SMD [95%CI] = -0.44 [-0.94, 0.06] for inflammation). The set of RCTs studied here is characterised by high heterogeneity, preventing the determination of a true overall effect size.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 improves stool characteristics in healthy adults with infrequent bowel movements: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"A LeMoire, R Replogle, L Shinn, A Kamil, L Lin, A P Kuttenkeuler, J Baisley, J Wang, S-A Girard, S Recker, A Bier","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digestive health issues, including irregular bowel movements (BM) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, affect millions of people in the United States and are associated with higher risks of various diseases. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the potential of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 to improve stool characteristics and reduce GI symptoms. Following a 2-week run-in, 144 healthy adults were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either B. coagulans Unique IS2 (2 billion colony forming units/day) or placebo for 4 weeks. Participants were included if they had an average weekly complete spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) of ≥3.0 and <7.0 during the run-in. The primary outcome was the change in BM frequency after 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in stool consistency (assessed by the Bristol Stool Form Scale), GI symptoms and quality of life, gut microbiota composition, and the proportion of complete SBM to total BM. Safety was assessed by vital signs and reports of adverse events. After 4 weeks of supplementation with Unique IS2, there was a significant increase in BM frequency ( P = 0.037). Stool consistency significantly improved after each week in the Unique IS2 group (all P < 0.05) and was significantly improved compared to a placebo after 4 weeks ( P = 0.018), driven by a significant improvement in the incidence of hard stool ( P = 0.001). There was no effect of Unique IS2 supplementation on GI symptoms and quality of life (Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index), gut microbiota composition (analysis of stool samples by 16S rRNA), or proportion of complete SBM to total BM. Unique IS2 was safe and well tolerated over the 4 weeks of supplementation. Our results suggest that B. coagulans Unique IS2 is a promising strategy to improve stool characteristics of individuals with hard stools and poor stool quality. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT05123664.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of human-origin novel postbiotic Bacteroides & Phocaeicola on obesity and thermogenesis in high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction.","authors":"L Wu, J-H Wang, S-H Park, Y Cui, K Han, H Kim","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, Bacteroides species, a dominant genus of commensal gut bacteria, have been increasingly recognised as potential next-generation postbiotics. The present study isolated nine Bacteroides POTENTIAL postbiotics from healthy human feces. Among them, Phocaeicola vulgatus (PV-1), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT-1), and Bacteroides uniformis (BU-1) were selected based on their capacity to inhibit lipogenesis and their potential synergy in vitro. Subsequently, the anti-obesity effect of the three Bacteroides postbiotics was comparatively investigated, both in combination (VTU) and individually, using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model. VTU more notably reduced HFD-triggered excessive body mass, fat, and liver weights compared to the individual postbiotics. Additionally, VTU markedly attenuated serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels compared to the HFD-alone treatment. Furthermore, VTU significantly downregulated the expression of lipogenesis-associated genes in the liver, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, AP2, CD36, FAS, ACC1, and LDLR, while upregulating beige-specific marker genes in the white adipose tissue, such as PRDM16, UCP1, and PPARγ. Moreover, VTU significantly altered the serum metabolomic profile, significantly changing several metabolites like lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and Boc-homoglutamic acid. These findings indicate that the combination of PV-1, BU-1, and BT-1 synergistically ameliorated obesity by regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. Hence, we propose that Bacteroides postbiotics, including their combinations, could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for alleviating obesity and its complications in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic reduces vaginal HPV abundance, improves immunity and quality of life in HPV-positive women: a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind study.","authors":"P Xu, U Mageswary, A A Nisaa, S D Balasubramaniam, S B Samsudin, N I B M Rusdi, A R A Jerip, C E Oon, M H A Bakar, D Rajendran, J J Tan, F F Roslan, S Sreenivasan, V Balakrishnan, S B Sany, C S Tan, M T Liong","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main causes of cervical cancer in women, while there are currently no treatment nor intervention to reduce the concentration of cervical HPV. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of a probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Probio87 (orally administered at 9 log CFU/day) or placebo for 12-weeks, on reducing the abundance of vaginal HPV in HPV-positive women. A parallel, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was performed where women were randomised to either the probiotic (n = 44, mean age 41.70 ± 1.06 years) or placebo (n = 45, mean age 41.13 ± 1.20 years). After 12 weeks, the probiotic group showed reduced vaginal HPV abundance ( P = 0.001) and Nugent scores ( P < 0.001) as compared to the placebo. VAS and VuAS questionnaires showed that the probiotic group had improved vulvar dryness ( P = 0.023), soreness ( P = 0.049), social interactions, daily activities ( P < 0.05), and sexual activity ( P = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Blood gene expressions showed that the placebo group had higher upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, P = 0.006; IFN-γ, P = 0.028) and T-cell markers (CD44, P = 0.008; CXCR5, P = 0.040; CD4, P = 0.016) compared to the placebo group, indicating increased inflammation. Neurotrophic factors BDNF and CREB were upregulated in the placebo group ( P < 0.05), with higher IDO ( P = 0.001) and TDO ( P = 0.036) expressions compared to the probiotic group, suggesting increased kynurenine pathway activity and stress. Overall, probiotic supplementation appeared to reduce the abundance of vaginal HPV, possibly by lowering inflammation and enhancing immunity while mitigating the negative impacts of HPV infection on quality of life in HPV-positive women. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05316064).</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of human elafin by genetically modified Lactococcus lactis: evaluation of its anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of intestinal mucositis.","authors":"R Levit, A de Moreno de LeBlanc, S Gontier, A Aucouturier, P Langella, L G Bermúdez-Humarán, J G LeBlanc","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to develop a recombinant strain of Lactococcus lactis designed to produce human elafin, a serine protease inhibitor, through a Stress-Inducible Controlled Expression (SICE) System, and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential both in vitro and in vivo. The impact of this recombinant strain on the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated by in vitro assays with Caco-2 (human colonic cancer cells) and IEC-18 (non-cancerous intestinal cells) exposed to 5-FU with or without the recombinant bacterium. In vivo, a mouse model of intestinal mucositis (IM) was induced by daily injections of 5-FU, followed by oral administration of the recombinant strain twice daily. Key assessments included the occurrence of diarrhea, small intestinal morphology and histopathology, and serum cytokines levels. In vitro results showed that the elafin-producing strain enhanced 5-FU cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells, while preserving IEC-18 cell viability in the presence of 5-FU. In vivo, the strain significantly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea, improved the villus height/crypt depth ratio and attenuated intestinal inflammation. In addition, the recombinant strain reduced serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, while significantly increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Importantly, the strain did not compromise the anti-cancer efficacy of 5-FU on tumor cells and protected non-cancer cells. These results confirm the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of this elafin-producing strain against IM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starch-degrading gut microbes Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis differ in their ability to degrade resistant starch type 3.","authors":"C E Klostermann, M Fassarella, E G Zoetendal, H A Schols","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrinsic resistant starch type 3 (RS-3) is retrograded starch that is highly resistant to pancreatic digestion (≥80% RS) and will therefore transit to the colon largely intact. Two gut microbes, known as RS degraders, Ruminococcus bromii ATCC27255 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis L2-32, were studied for their ability to degrade intrinsic RS-3 with defined crystal type and chain length (A-type, degree of polymerisation (DP) 16 or DP 21; B-type, DP 32 or DP 76). Remaining glucose, malto-oligosaccharides and non-degraded insoluble RS-3 were quantified over time and remaining RS-3 was visualized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) over time and compared to degradation of granular maize and potato starch. R. bromii was not limited by any specific physico-chemical starch characteristic and degraded all substrates gradually to primarily maltose and glucose, although these sugars were not further utilised. In contrast, B. adolescentis was unable to degrade B-type intrinsic RS-3 and only slightly fermented A-type intrinsic RS-3 to acetate, whereas granular maize and potato starch were fermented readily to acetate and lactate. The extensive use of SEM in this study revealed the unique morphology of the RS-3 structures and the difference in degradation approach by the two gut microbes. It can be concluded that efficient degradation of intrinsic RS-3 requires microbes with specific enzyme machineries such as those present in R. bromii.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}