Beneficial microbes最新文献

{"title":"The effects of a postbiotic supplement on biomarkers of microbiome, gastrointestinal, cardiometabolic, and immunometabolic health.","authors":"C J Delebecque, M B La Monica, D Keller, W Shannon, T N Ziegenfuss, N P Zimmerman","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome is increasingly recognised as a modifiable contributor to metabolic, immune, and stress-related physiology, yet many nutritional interventions produce broad microbial shifts that may be poorly tolerated. We investigated the effects of a fermented and pasteurised oat-based preparation (Keystone) on microbiome composition and selected biomarkers in a 4-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in generally healthy adults. Seventy-six participants completed the intervention (38 placebo, 38 Keystone). Stool samples collected at baseline and week 4 underwent shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and serum butyrate, IL-8, morning cortisol, albumin/globulin ratio, routine clinical chemistries, DASS-21, and SF-36 were assessed. The intervention did not affect alpha or beta diversity. In contrast, species-level analysis showed a distinct compositional signature, with enrichment of taxa including Akkermansia spp., Bacteroides intestinalis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Anaerostipes caccae in the Keystone group, alongside lower abundance of several Haemophilus, Megasphaera, and Prevotella taxa relative to placebo (FDR < 0.001). Nominally significant baseline-by-treatment interactions were observed for morning cortisol ( P = 0.03), IL-8 ( P = 0.04), and albumin/globulin ratio ( P = 0.03), while serum butyrate showed a near-significant trend ( P = 0.053). SF-36 emotional well-being improved within the Keystone group. No adverse events were reported. These results indicate that Keystone was safe and well tolerated and selectively modulates the gut microbiome, with exploratory associations for host stress and inflammatory markers that offer key insights for future follow-up studies. Trial registration: The trial was IRB approved and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07527286.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic characterisation of a novel oat-based postbiotic: microbiome modulation, barrier protection, and wound healing.","authors":"A Aditya, M J Koenigsknecht, C J Delebecque, H Zhu, N Wilson, K C Schmitt, C Highsmith, T Beckman, N P Zimmerman","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postbiotics, the inactivated microorganisms and their products derived from fermentation, represent an evolution in the rapidly growing biotics industry and extend health benefits without the need for bacterial viability. In this study, we explored the potential of a novel oat-based postbiotic to provide health benefits by modulating the host immune system and gut microbiome. Two Lactobacillus species, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 276 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, were used together to ferment 15% oat flour for 24 h at 37 °C followed by pasteurisation and freeze-drying to produce the oat-based postbiotic (OP). OP (1 mg/ml) was used to pretreat a mammalian intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2) for 1 h before stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β (10 ng/ml each). The immuno-modulatory and barrier-supporting effect of OP were evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), wound healing, and expression of cytokines genes (IL-6 and CXCL-8) as well as in a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) model. OP protected intestinal barrier integrity as measured by TEER in Caco-2 cells and in the C. elegans model. IL-6 and CXCL-8 expressions in OP pretreated cells were upregulated and OP promoted significant wound closure within 24 h. OP also markedly modulated the human gut microbiome as demonstrated by a 6.48-fold increase in native Bifidobacterium spp. in the in vitro human faecal model. Findings of this study suggest that OP is a novel, safe, stable, and effective intervention for foundational gut health and overall wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing microbial modulators to mitigate antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis: from phytochemicals to faecal microbiota transplantation.","authors":"Q Wang, W Zhong, H Huang, X Yang, X Liu, Y Ren, F He, J Li","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics remain indispensable for the management of infectious diseases; however, their use inevitably perturbs the gut microbiota. Advances in metagenomics and multiomics approaches have demonstrated that antibiotic exposure profoundly disrupts microbial diversity and community structure, leading to the depletion of key commensals, the expansion of opportunistic pathogens, metabolic dysfunction, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These alterations are increasingly associated with a broad spectrum of dysbiosis-related diseases (DRDs), encompassing metabolic, neuropsychiatric, and immune-mediated disorders. To mitigate or reverse antibiotic-induced microbial imbalances, various microbiota-targeted interventions have emerged as promising alternatives or complementary approaches. These include dietary phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, bacteriophage therapy, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Evidence from in vitro and animal studies has provided mechanistic insights into how these interventions modulate microbial composition and function; however, clinical evidence varies across intervention type. This review summarizes the composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota, outlines the consequences of antibiotic exposure, and provides an overview of the underlying mechanisms, recent evidence, and potential applications of microbiota-targeted interventions in preserving intestinal homeostasis. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and reference framework for the development of safer and more effective alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lysate of a multi-strain probiotic formulation inhibits cell growth and oxidative phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells via a ceramide-mediated mechanism.","authors":"D Gnocchi, F Lombardi, B Cinque, R R Paparella, P Palumbo, A Mazzocca","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multi-strain probiotic formulation (MPF - Oxxyslab™) regulates several biological processes, including oxygenation in human and mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. Its effect on oxidative metabolism of tumour cells has not yet been investigated. Employing a polarographic approach, we examined the effect of a lysate of MPF and its constituent strains on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in colorectal cancer cells. Results indicate that MPF lysate selectively inhibits OXPHOS in undifferentiated but not in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Ceramides, produced through bacterial sphingomyelinase activity, mediate the inhibitory effects of MPF lysate, and the efficacy of the lysate of individual MPF strains in blocking cellular respiration varies due to strain-specific differences in ceramide production. Our results demonstrate that MPF lysate exhibits anti-OXPHOS activity in human colorectal carcinoma cells, selectively targeting undifferentiated Caco-2 cells but not differentiated ones. The reliance of colorectal cancer cells on OXPHOS provides a scientific basis for exploring MPF probiotic formulation as a complementary approach to conventional pharmacology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbial differences and function in infants with gastroschisis: a pilot prospective cohort study.","authors":"K M Strobel, S L Leibel, S Bhute, E Aja, J P Jacobs, K Calkins","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00121","DOIUrl":"10.1163/18762891-bja00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newborns with gastroschisis hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are at risk for a disrupted gut microbiome. Infants with gastroschisis are particularly vulnerable to a dysbiotic microbiome; they require prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) due to intestinal dysmotility, which often leads to growth faltering (GF). This pilot study's goals were to (1) compare the gut microbiome in infants with gastroschisis to infants admitted to the NICU without congenital anomalies, (2) identify differences in the gut microbiome between infants with gastroschisis requiring prolonged PN and those who do not, and (3) compare the microbiome in infants with gastroschisis with GF to those without GF. This was a multi-site prospective cohort study including 17 infants born with gastroschisis and 16 infants with a gestational age greater than 34 weeks admitted to the NICU without congenital anomalies (controls). Prolonged PN was defined as more than 28 days. GF was defined as a decline in weight or length z-score from birth to discharge of ≤-0.8. Stool samples were collected weekly during hospitalisation and analysed by shotgun metagenomics to assess bacterial composition, diversity, and function. Gestational age and birth weight were similar in the gastroschisis group and the control group. Infants with gastroschisis showed increased Staphylococcus aureus and decreased Bifidobacterium longum. Those requiring prolonged PN had a reduced abundance of genes in the glucosidase pathway compared to those who did not. Infants with GF showed a lower abundance of genes involved in the NAD-diphosphatase pathway compared to those without GF. Infants with gastroschisis display a distinct microbial composition and function compared to NICU infants without this condition. Among infants with gastroschisis, differences in bacterial functional capacity were observed in those who required prolonged PN and developed GF.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant gut microbiota composition and metabolism can be influenced by extensively hydrolysed casein in vitro.","authors":"G Gross, I Bobeldijk-Pastorova, A M T Ouwens, M van der Wurff, R Simmons, E A F van Tol, B J F Keijser","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Composition of the gut microbiota, and related short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production can influence allergic status. Extensively hydrolysed casein (eHC) infant formulas are used for management of cow's milk protein (CMP) allergy; however, effects of eHC on gut microbiota as a potential mechanism contributing to benefits of eHC for infants with allergy are not well understood. This exploratory study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of eHC on infant gut microbial composition and metabolism. Two batches of a specific eHC preparation, along with a mixture of individual amino acids (AA), were first digested in the in vitro TNO Intestinal Model-1 (TIM-1) simulating infant upper gastrointestinal digestion conditions followed by an in vitro colon fermentation model inoculated with faeces from healthy, formula-fed infants. Peptide profile after digestion of the test compounds, as well as effects of the compounds on microbiota community structure and SCFA production were assessed. Overall peptide profiles of the eHC preparations (qualitative, based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) remained largely unaffected by simulated upper gastrointestinal digestion. Faecal fermentation of the specific eHC preparations influenced microbiota composition, with a major impact on Bacteroides abundance. SCFA production was increased beyond control conditions by eHC but not AA. The impact of the AA mixture differed considerably from that of the eHC containing specific peptides. Results suggest that eHC formulas can impact microbiota composition and SCFA production in an in vitro colon fermentation model. While the descriptive results of this study require future confirmation under a more extensive experimental setup, it can be hypothesised that mechanisms modulating microbiota composition and metabolism occurring in infants fed with eHC formula for the management of CMP allergy might contribute to clinical observations related to allergy and tolerance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut commensal Bacteroides faecichinchillae, a potential novel candidate of next-generation probiotics targeting type 2 diabetes.","authors":"M Godet, E Delmas, C Gérard, E Meugnier, A Bravard, C Pinteur, N Vega, N Bendridi, D Cheillan, S Fourati, D Rainteau, M Le Barz, S Binda, F Leulier, A Bernalier-Donadille, H Vidal","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implication of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, one of the major health concerns worldwide, has demonstrated the benefits of using probiotics to improve dysbiosis. Facing the lack of defined research strategy to found and qualify bacterial with real antidiabetic activity, we have developed a program to identify, select and validate novel strains able to improve metabolic alterations in type 2 diabetes. Among potential candidates, we identified Bacteroides faecichinchillae (named BAfa hereafter), and the present work presents the validation of the antidiabetic potential of the ST37 (DSMZ 26883) BAfa strain in mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet for 10 weeks followed by 4 weeks of treatment. Daily gavage with live, but not heat inactivated, BAfa improved glucose tolerance, fasting hyperinsulinemia and liver triglyceride content in HFS fed mice. Furthermore, these beneficial effects were retained after lyophilization. Using this preclinical model, we characterised BAfa mechanism of action, showing that four weeks of treatment was associated with reduced hepatic accumulation of ceramides, key actors of insulin resistance. The underlying mechanism could be related to BAfa-induced changes in the intestinal bile acid profile and inhibition of the Fxr-Fgf15 pathway in the ileum. BAfa supplementation during 4 weeks in HFS fed mice was also associated with mild modifications of gut microbiota composition, with the upregulation of several species known for their beneficial metabolic actions (such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reutei, Roseburia, Turicimonas muris, Phocaeicola dorei or Akkermansia muciniphila) and for being up-regulated during metformin treatment. Altogether, these data indicate that BAfa and related B. faecichinchillae strains could be considered for developing next-generation probiotics to treat type 2 diabetes, potentially in combination with the anti-diabetic drug metformin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra long-lived plasma cells in the human small intestine produce microbiota-reactive IgA antibodies.","authors":"N B Pati, B K Chung, K Holm, F Sætre, H M Reims, A T Aasebo, T Gedde-Dahl, K V Sreelakshmi, D Domanska, J R Hov, E S Bækkevold, F L Jahnsen","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large fraction of the intestinal microbiota is highly coated with secretory IgA, and bacteria-specific IgA is believed to shape the composition of the microbiota. A hallmark of the adaptive immune system is immunological memory to specific antigens. However, whether there is strong and persistent memory of secretory antibodies to bacterial antigens has not been determined. Here we show that ultra long-lived CD19-CD45- (age > 20 years) plasma cells (PCs) residing in the human small intestine produce IgA that binds to most taxa of a diverse anaerobic microbiota culture. Long-lived CD19-CD45+ (age > 10 years) and short-lived CD19+CD45+ (age < 2 years) PCs also produced IgA with broad bacterial reactivity. A clear correlation between high-binding and low-binding taxa was observed across the PC subsets. We also found that host PCs were depleted in acute intestinal graft versus host disease, a condition strongly associated with loss of microbiota diversity. Together, we show that bacterial antigens in the intestine induce an extremely stable, long-lasting humoral immune memory that may be important for the long-term stability and resilience of the intestinal microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engraftment of staphylococcal strains on human skin can competitively displace native staphylococci.","authors":"C Feidenhansl, K Schweinshaut, E Rruci, M-T Nguyen, A Poehlein, H Brüggemann","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical probiotic formulations containing live bacteria are being explored as treatments for skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris. Certain bacterial strains with antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory properties show promise as bacterial therapeutics that could improve these conditions and serve as alternatives to antibiotics, which are increasingly compromised by rising antimicrobial resistance. However, little is known about the engraftment efficacy of such bacterial strains or their impact on the native skin microbiome. In this study, we applied two different coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains, one with antimicrobial activity (Staphylococcus epidermidis 2C-5) and one lacking any activity (Staphylococcus hominis H2-S92), on human back skin of 14 healthy volunteers. Engraftment was assessed using strain-specific PCR and three amplicon-based sequencing approaches at 7 and 30 days after application. Microbial profiles shifted modestly, showing a relative increase in staphylococci and a decrease in Cutibacterium spp. S. epidermidis 2C-5 drastically increased from 0.8% pre-application to 46.9% and 12.1% at days 7 and 30, respectively. S. hominis H2-S92 showed a relative rise from 1.4% to 35.8% at day 7, declining to 2.4% by day 30. Interestingly, Staphylococcus capitis relative abundance decreased by 50-60% at the application sites. These findings indicate that both strains can temporarily engraft and competitively displace native staphylococci. S. epidermidis 2C-5 appeared to colonize more effectively, possibly due to its bacteriocin production. Neither strain affected the phylotype composition of Cutibacterium acnes, suggesting lack of reach to sebaceous follicles, C. acnes' primary niche. This study supports the potential of staphylococcal probiotics for modulating the skin microbiome. While they may be effective for conditions involving staphylococcal dysbiosis, such as atopic dermatitis, they appear less suited for treating disorders like acne vulgaris, which are associated with C. acnes imbalance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A double-blind randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of menaquinone producing probiotics on vitamin K status.","authors":"M Muilwijk, S Kremers, L J Schurgers, M Stolaki, S J L Bakker, J W J Beulens","doi":"10.1163/18762891-bja00117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This double-blinded randomised controlled trial investigated whether menaquinones (MK) producing probiotics for 12 weeks improve vitamin K status, compared with placebo in 50-75 years old with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Twenty participants were randomised to either MK-producing probiotics (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). Plasma dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix gla protein (dp-ucMGP) concentrations were the primary study outcome and determined at baseline, six and twelve weeks by a chemiluminescent InaKtif MGP assay, and analysed by linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes included serum MK-7 and phylloquinone and stool MK-4 to MK-10 and phylloquinone, assessed by linear regression. Three participants dropped out (two placebo, one intervention). Compliance was high; median 98% [IQR 96-99] and 90% [IQR 74-96] sachets used in intervention vs placebo arm. At 6 weeks, dp-ucMGP was significantly lower in the intervention group (-75.69 [95%-CI -128.37; -22.92] pmol/l), but this difference diminished by 12 weeks (-38.63 [95%-CI -94.49; 16.14] pmol/l) due to a reduction in the placebo group. Overall, the mean dp-ucMGP change over 12 weeks favoured the intervention (-59.89 [95%-CI -110.7; -9.187] pmol/l). Statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes included higher serum MK-7, and faecal MK-6 and MK-7 concentrations in the probiotic vs placebo arm (e.g. 4.41 [95%-CI 2.17; 6.65] μg/L for serum MK-7). No other secondary outcomes differed significantly. MK producing probiotics may enhance vitamin K status in older adults at elevated cardiovascular risk. Larger, longer-term studies are needed to assess functional outcomes. The Netherlands Trial Register: NTR7505, 27-09-2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}