Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"MicroRNA-Based Markers of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systems Biology Approach.","authors":"Setareh Shojaei,&nbsp;Pouya Menbari,&nbsp;Shokoofeh Jamshidi,&nbsp;Amir Taherkhani","doi":"10.1155/2023/5512894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5512894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) are the first and second leading causes of oral cancer, respectively. OTSCC and BSCC are associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral cancer. Thus, we aimed to indicate signaling pathways, Gene Ontology terms, and prognostic markers mediating the malignant transformation of the normal oral tissue to OTSCC and BSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dataset GSE168227 was downloaded and reanalyzed from the GEO database. Orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) analysis identified common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in OTSCC and BSCC compared to their adjacent normal mucosa. Next, validated targets of DEMs were identified using the TarBase web server. With the use of the STRING database, a protein interaction map (PIM) was created. Using the Cytoscape program, hub genes and clusters within the PIM were shown. Next, gene-set enrichment analysis was carried out using the g:Profiler tool. Using the GEPIA2 web tool, analyses of gene expression and survival analysis were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two DEMs, including has-miR-136 and has-miR-377, were common in OTSCC and BSCC (<i>p</i> value <0.01; |Log2 FC| > 1). A total of 976 targets were indicated for common DEMs. PIM included 96 hubs, and the upregulation of EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, and HSPA5 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), while NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 overexpression was significantly linked to favorable prognosis in the patients with HNSCC. \"Clathrin-mediated endocytosis\" was considerably dysregulated in OTSCC and BSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that has-miR-136 and has-miR-377 are underexpressed in OTSCC and BSCC than in normal oral mucosa. Moreover, EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, HSPA5, NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 demonstrated prognostic markers in HNSCC. These findings may benefit the prognosis and management of individuals with OTSCC/BSCC. However, additional experimental verification is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5512894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9783620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues.","authors":"Dipak K Dube,&nbsp;Syamalima Dube,&nbsp;Lynn Abbott,&nbsp;Omar Elsekaily,&nbsp;Samender S Randhawa,&nbsp;Jean M Sanger,&nbsp;Joseph W Sanger,&nbsp;Bernard J Poiesz","doi":"10.1155/2023/1303500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1303500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Old world monkeys separated from the great apes, including the ancestor of humans, about 25 million years ago, but most of the genes in humans and various nonhuman primates are quite similar even though their anatomical appearances are quite different. Like other mammals, primates have four tropomyosin genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which generates a multitude of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing. Only TPM1 produces two sarcomeric isoforms (TPM1<i>α</i> and TPM1<i>κ</i>), and TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 each generate one sarcomeric isoform. We have cloned and sequenced TPM1<i>α</i>, TPM1<i>κ</i>, TPM2<i>α</i>, TPM3<i>α</i>, and TPM4<i>α</i> with RNA from cynomolgus (Cyn) monkey hearts and skeletal muscle. We believe this is the first report of directly cloning and sequencing of these monkey transcripts. In the Cyn monkey heart, the rank order of TPM isoform expression is TPM1<i>α</i> > TPM2<i>α</i> > TPM1<i>κ</i> > TPM3<i>α</i> > TPM4<i>α</i>. In the Cyn monkey skeletal muscle, the rank order of expression is TPM1<i>α</i> > TPM2<i>α</i> > TPM3<i>α</i> > TPM1<i>κ</i> > TPM4<i>α</i>. The major differences in the human heart are the increased expression of TPM1<i>κ</i>, although TPM1<i>α</i> is still the dominant transcript. In the Cyn monkey heart, the only sarcomeric TPM isoform at the protein level is TPM1<i>α</i>. This is in contrast to human hearts where TPM1<i>α</i> is the major sarcomeric isoform but a lower quantity of TPM1<i>κ</i>, TPM2<i>α</i>, and TPM3<i>α</i> is also detected at the protein level. These differences of tropomyosin and/or other cardiac protein expression in human and Cyn monkey hearts may reflect the differences in physiological activities in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1303500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9889151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10651184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Protective Effects of Phenolic Acids on Protein Glycation of BSA Supported by In Vitro and Docking Studies.","authors":"Marzieh Rashedinia,&nbsp;Zeinab Rasti Arbabi,&nbsp;Razieh Sabet,&nbsp;Leila Emami,&nbsp;Alireza Poustforoosh,&nbsp;Zahra Sabahi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9984618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several diabetic complications are associated with forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Different chemical and natural compounds are able to prevent the development of these products. In this study, glycosylation was induced as a model by incubating bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose. Consequently, BSA was treated with glucose and different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 <i>μ</i>M) of syringic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, paracoumaric acid, and caffeic acid for 4 and 6 weeks. Biochemical experiments comprise measurements of fluorescent AGEs, protein carbonyl contents, total thiol, hemolysis tests, and also malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in RBC. These demonstrated the antiglycating mechanism of these phenolic acids. Most of the phenolic acids used in this study reduced MDA levels and protected thiol residues in protein structures. They also inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs and RBC lysis, except gallic acid. Moreover, ferulic acid, paracoumaric acid, and caffeic acid proteins significantly prevent carbonylation. Molecular docking and simulation studies showed that ellagic, caffeic, gallic, and syringic acids could interact with lysine and arginine residues in the active site of BSA and stabilize its structure to inhibit the formation of AGEs. Our results suggest that phenolic acid could be used as a potential phytochemical against protein glycation and related diabetic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9984618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9882237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Swiss Albino Mice Fed on Either a Purified or Cereal-Based Diet for 15 weeks.","authors":"Hellen W Kinyi,&nbsp;Charles Drago Kato,&nbsp;Deusdedit Tusubira,&nbsp;Gertrude N Kiwanuka","doi":"10.1155/2023/9121174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9121174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laboratory animals are commonly fed on cereal-based diets (CBDs) whose nutrient composition is unknown and may confound the metabolic response to study interventions. Purified diets such as AIN-93M are therefore recommended, as their nutrient composition is known. However, few studies have evaluated their use as adequate control diets. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrition status of Swiss albino mice fed on either CBD or AIN-93M for 15 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty Swiss albino mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 21.7 g ± 0.6 were fed on either CBD or AIN-93M diet for 15 weeks. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric and hematological indices, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol to select an appropriate normal control diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CBD had low-calorie content (2.57 kcal/g) and protein (11 ± 3.8 g/100 g) compared to AIN-93M (3.8 kcal/g and 14 g/100 g, respectively). The BMI of male mice fed on CBD and AIN-93M diets was significantly higher (<i>P</i>=0.0139 and <i>P</i>=0.0325, respectively) compared to that of females fed on similar diets. Animals in the CBD group had lower hemoglobin (15.1-16.9 g/dl) compared to those in the AIN-93M group (18.1-20.8 g/dl). Serum albumin levels were higher in both male (<i>P</i>=0.001) and female (<i>P</i>=3 × 10^-6) mice fed on AIN-93M compared to those fed on CBD. Females in the AIN-93M group had higher cholesterol (<i>P</i>=0.026) than those in the CBD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AIN-93 diet of caloric value 3.85 kcal/g (total protein 14 g, total fat 4 g of soy bean oil, fibre 5 g, and total carbohydrate 42 g per 100 g) can be safely used as a normal control diet in long-term research studies using Swiss albino mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9121174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10247330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eupatilin Alleviates Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Inhibiting HMG-CoA Reductase.","authors":"Kyung-Joo Kim,&nbsp;Nam E Kang,&nbsp;Yoon Sin Oh,&nbsp;Se-Eun Jang","doi":"10.1155/2023/8488648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8488648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Artemisia princeps</i> (family <i>Asteraceae</i>) is a natural product broadly used as an antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agent in East Asia. In the present study, eupatilin, the main constituent of <i>Artemisia princeps</i>, was investigated as an antihyperlipidemic agent. Eupatilin inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (HCR), an enzyme that is a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia, in an <i>ex vivo</i> assay using rat liver. In addition, oral administration of eupatilin significantly lowered the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in corn oil-induced and Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. These results suggest that eupatilin can alleviate hyperlipidemia by inhibiting HCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8488648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10307065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils of <i>Plumeria alba</i> (Forget-Me-Not).","authors":"Kirsty Mary Mawumenyo Mamattah,&nbsp;Abigail Kusiwaa Adomako,&nbsp;Caleb Nketia Mensah,&nbsp;Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye","doi":"10.1155/2023/1040478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1040478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential oils are known to possess many biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. <i>Plumeria alba</i> flowers are used in traditional remedies for diarrhea, cough, fever, and asthma treatment. This work evaluated the chemical composition and the biological activities of essential oils obtained from the flowers and leaves of <i>Plumeria alba</i>. The essential oils were extracted using the Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized using GC-MS. In the flower essential oil, a total of 17 compounds were identified, with linalool (23.91%), <i>α</i>-terpineol (10.97%), geraniol (10.47%), and phenyl ethyl alcohol (8.65%) being abundant. In the leaf essential oil, a total of 24 compounds were identified, with benzofuran, 2,3-di, hydro-(3.24%), and muurolol (1.40%) being present. Antioxidant activities were assessed using hydrogen peroxide scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activities were assessed through a microdilution assay. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25.0 to 50.0 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition ranged from 27.14 ± 1.0 to 58.99 ± 0.6 mg/mL. The essential oil exhibited total antioxidant capacities which ranged from 17.5 <i>μ</i>g/g AAE to 83 <i>μ</i>g/g AAE in the phosphomolybdenum assay. The IC₅₀ values in the DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for both flowers and leaves ranged from 18.66 <i>μ</i>g/mL to 38.28 <i>μ</i>g/mL. Both essential oils also displayed good antibiofilm activities, with the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation being ∼60 mg/mL for both oils. This study shows that essential oils of <i>Plumeria alba</i> possess good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1040478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9393804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) Deficiency in a Group of Infertile Women from Baghdad City.","authors":"Muthana Anad Majid,&nbsp;Wafaa Nasser Hassan,&nbsp;Amna Fadhil Ridha","doi":"10.1155/2023/6597730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6597730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility is a common issue affecting a large number of Iraqi women of reproductive age. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and infertility has previously drawn the attention of gynecologists, and an increasing number of vitamin D testing has been requested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>120 women were enrolled in this study between April 2019 and April 2020. Patients were divided into two groups comprising sixty women complaining of infertility, with the other 60 women being fertile and enrolled as controls. All patients were assessed for vitamin D level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the fertile study group, patients with deficient, insufficient, and sufficient level of vitamin were 28%, 23%, and 48%, respectively (these numbers were rounded to the nearest whole digit, as the numbers for the infertile group were given with that level of precision), whereas the infertile study group showed a statistically significant (<i>p</i> value = 0.002) distribution of vitamin levels with 50%, 35%, and 15% of women being deficient, insufficient, and sufficient, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vitamin D is significantly deficient in infertile patients which suggests a possible, positive impact if vitamin D is considered in the management of female infertility. Further study with more participants is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6597730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10284658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9710339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephroprotective Effects of Caffeine, Vanillin, and Their Combination against Experimental AlCl₃-Induced Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats.","authors":"Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Ruth Olasehinde,&nbsp;Oyindamola Adeniyi Olaoye,&nbsp;Kikelomo Folake Jaiyesimi,&nbsp;Ilobekemen Lisa Ekakitie,&nbsp;Omotade Ibidun Oloyede","doi":"10.1155/2023/6615863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6615863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum (Al) is known to be a nephrotoxic metal that can cause renal toxicity in both humans and animals. The use of functional foods has been reported to have significance in managing the toxic effects associated with such metals. This study aimed to assess the potential protective effects of caffeine, vanillin, and their combination in mitigating AlCl₃-induced renal toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. A total of thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of six rats (<i>n</i> = 6). Group 1 served as the control, while the remaining treatment groups received a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg AlCl₃ for a duration of 21 days. In addition, groups 3-5 were coadministered 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) of caffeine, vanillin, and a combination (50/50 mg/kg bw) of both substances, respectively. In the results, AlCl₃-treated showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in serum biomarkers such as ALT, ALP, urea, and creatinine, and a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decrease in serum total proteins (TPs). The renal tissue's antioxidant system, including SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH, exhibited a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction, accompanied by an elevated MDA level. However, the administration of caffeine, vanillin, and their combination resulted in a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decrease in serum ALT, ALP, urea, and creatinine, and a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in serum TP. Furthermore, following the treatment, there was a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in renal SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels, along with a reduction in the MDA level. In addition, the treatment for 21 days caused a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reversal to the altered histomorphological architecture. These findings suggest that caffeine, vanillin, and their combination could potentially be an effective regimen in managing AlCl₃-induced renal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6615863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10130430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, Profiling, and Characterization of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids from Pili (<i>Canarium ovatum</i> Engl.) Pulp Oil Exhibiting Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties.","authors":"Nico G Dumandan, Annie Cita T Kagaoan, Ranelle D P Acda, Caren R Tumambing, Laura J Pham","doi":"10.1155/2022/6604984","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/6604984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pili (<i>Canarium ovatum</i> Engl.), an indigenous tree found in the Philippines, is highly regarded for its fruit due to its high economic value. During processing, the pulp is often discarded as waste but contains considerable amounts of oil and bioactive minor lipid components. The present study explored the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of saponified diethyl ether extract of pili pulp oil and related this activity to the nature of compounds present in the extract through GCMS. The extract indicated the elution of 18 major compounds which are mostly cyclic triterpenic (<i>α</i>-and <i>β</i>-amyrin, lupenone, and <i>β</i>-amyrone) and phytosterol (<i>β</i>-sitosterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol) class of compounds. Characterization of the bioactivity of the extract showed high antioxidant activities measured by DPPH radical scavenging (EC₅₀: 74.45 ± 1.29 <i>μ</i>g/mL) and lipid peroxidation inhibition (EC₅₀: 3.02 ± 0.06 <i>μ</i>g/mL) activities that were comparable with that of <i>α</i>-tocopherol. Moreover, an observed bactericidal activity was demonstrated by the extract against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. typhi</i> with MIC values of 40 and 35 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. The observed bioactivity of the pili pulp oil extract can be attributed to these compounds which may provide desirable health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2022 ","pages":"6604984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9810395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10489067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Study on Optimization, <i>In Silico</i> Modeling, and Genetic Modification of Large Scale Microbial Cellulase Production.","authors":"Md Raisul Islam Rabby, Zabed Bin Ahmed, Gobindo Kumar Paul, Nafisa Nusrat Chowdhury, Fatema Akter, Mamudul Hasan Razu, Pranab Karmaker, Mala Khan","doi":"10.1155/2022/4598937","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/4598937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulase is a biocatalyst that hydrolyzes cellulosic biomass and is considered a major group of industrial enzymes for its applications. Extensive work has been done on microbial cellulase but fungi are considered a novel strain for their maximum cellulase production. Production cost and novel microbial strains are major challenges for its improvement where cheap agro wastes can be essential sources of cellulose as substrates. The researcher searches for more cellulolytic microbes from natural sources but the production level of isolated strains is comparatively low. So genetic modification or mutation can be employed for large-scale cellulase production before optimization. After genetic modification than <i>in silico</i> molecular modeling can be evaluated for substrate molecule's binding affinity. In this review, we focus not only on the conventional methods of cellulase production but also on modern biotechnological approaches applied to cellulase production by a sequential study on common cellulase-producing microbes, modified microbes, culture media, carbon sources, substrate pretreatment process, and the importance of optimum pH and temperature on fermentation. In this review, we also compare different cellulase activity determination methods. As a result, this review provides insights into the interrelationship between the characteristics of optimizing different culture conditions, genetic modification, and <i>in silico</i> enzyme modeling for the production of cellulase enzymes, which may aid in the advancement of large-scale integrated enzyme manufacturing of substrate-specific enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2022 ","pages":"4598937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9797302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10816925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}