Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"The Safety and Efficiency of Tirofiban in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Lili Zhao,&nbsp;Yating Jian,&nbsp;Tao Li,&nbsp;Heying Wang,&nbsp;Zhang Lei,&nbsp;Man Sun,&nbsp;Ye Li,&nbsp;Yiheng Zhang,&nbsp;Meijuan Dang,&nbsp;Wang Huqing,&nbsp;Sun Hong,&nbsp;Zhang Ru,&nbsp;Hongxing Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Jia,&nbsp;Luo Guogang,&nbsp;Zhang Guilian","doi":"10.1155/2020/5656173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5656173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited comparative studies have reported the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Additionally, the available studies are inconsistent with each other, which makes application of tirofiban unclear in neuro-intervention. Here, we performed a comparative retrospective study to investigate whether tirofiban combined with MT improves short- and long-term prognosis in AIS patients and whether its use is associated with complications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective data were collected for AIS patients admitted between January 2013 and January 2019 at three stroke centers. According to whether tirofiban was used during the operation, patients were divided into tirofiban group and control group. Multivariate and COX regression analyses were performed to determine the association of tirofiban treatment with safety and efficiency in subjects treated with MT.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 174 patients were analyzed, of whom 89 (51.1%) were treated with tirofiban. There were no differences in the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (10.2% <i>vs.</i> 10.6%, <i>p</i>=0.918), parenchymal hemorrhage type 2 (18.0% <i>vs</i>. 16.5%, <i>p</i>=0.793), and reocclusion at 24 h (3.4% <i>vs</i>. 10.6%, <i>p</i>=0.060) between the tirofiban group and control group. Multivariate regression showed that tirofiban was not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration, neurological improvement at 7 days, functional independence at 3-month and 9-month follow-up, or death at 9-month follow-up (adjusted <i>p</i> > 0.05 for all). However, AIS patients treated with MT + tirofiban showed a trend towards acquiring faster functional independence, with a median time to acquire functional independence of 4.0 months compared with 6.5 months in the control group (risk ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval 0.98-2.27; long rank <i>p</i>=0.066).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tirofiban may help AIS patients given MT to gain functional independence faster, without increasing the risk of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5656173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5656173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tormentic Acid and the Extracts from <i>Callistemon citrinus</i> on the Production of Extracellular Proteases by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Rumbidzai Mashezha,&nbsp;Molly Mombeshora,&nbsp;Stanley Mukanganyama","doi":"10.1155/2020/6926320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6926320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is among the common nosocomial pathogens. Antibiotics have been used to treat <i>S. aureus</i> infections. However, there has been increased mortality associated with drug-resistant strains of <i>S. aureus</i>. Extracellular proteases have been implicated to be responsible for the transition of <i>S. aureus</i> from an adhesive pathogen to an invasive pathogen. The development of resistant strains has necessitated the search for new sources of drugs. Plants have been traditionally used as sources of therapeutic molecules. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tormentic acid and the extracts from <i>Callistemon citrinus</i> on the production of extracellular proteases by <i>S. aureus</i>. The broth microdilution antibacterial susceptibility assay was used to determine the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid and the extracts on <i>S. aureus</i>. Both extracts showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 <i>μ</i>g/ml. The water : ethanol (50 : 50) and the dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50) extracts were found to be bactericidal against S. <i>aureus</i> at a concentration of 100 <i>μ</i>g/ml and 50 <i>μ</i>g/ml, respectively. The effect of tormentic acid and extracts on extracellular protease production was investigated using the protease assay. A zone of proteolytic activity (Pr) was measured as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of colony plus zone of hydrolysis. The extracts reduced the production of extracellular proteases, while tormentic acid completely inhibited the production of extracellular proteases by <i>S. aureus</i>. The Pr value for tormentic acid was found to be 1. The Pr values of the dichloromethane : methanol extract and the water : ethanol extract were 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. In conclusion, tormentic acid was shown to inhibit extracellular protease production; therefore, there is need to explore its use in antivirulence therapy to combat <i>S. aureus</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6926320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6926320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37927099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of <i>Ficus carica</i> L. and <i>Solanum incanum</i> L. Extracts in Coagulation of Milk: The Case of Traditional Practice in Ab'ala Area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Welday Desta,&nbsp;Mohammed Shumbahri,&nbsp;Sibhatu Gebrehiwot","doi":"10.1155/2020/9874949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9874949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People living in and around Ab'ala area of the Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, have a traditional practice of applying <i>Ficus carica</i> leaf and <i>Solanum incanum</i> fruit extracts to milk in order to coagulate it as soon as possible. Thus, to investigate the role of the extracts in the coagulation of milk and their health threats, the milk-clotting activity, phytochemical screening tests, antimicrobial activities by the agar well diffusion method, and heavy metal content by ICP-OES technique were determined. Accordingly, both <i>Ficus carica</i> and <i>Solanum incanum</i> were found to possess phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Likewise, positive tests for flavonoid in <i>Ficus carica</i> and alkaloid in <i>Solanum incanum</i> were observed. However, no terpenoids, glycosides, and oxalates were detected in the plants. Moreover, the crude and concentrated enzyme extracts of the plants exhibited clotting activity. In this regard, the enzyme extracts of <i>Ficus carica</i> were superior with the highest clotting activity of 1.20 U. On the other hand, ethanol and chloroform extracts of the samples showed inhibition zones against all tested microorganisms except their chloroform extract which did not exhibit inhibition against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. Likewise, the metals Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, and Fe were detected in the plant samples, with the Mn content of 3.67 ± 0.10 mg per kg of dry weight of the plant in <i>Ficus carica</i> being the highest. Indeed, the level of the heavy metal contents is considerably lower than those maximum permissible limits set by international standards. On the other hand, no Pb and Zn were detected in the plant samples. Therefore, the higher clotting activity of the enzyme extracts was an indicator that enzymes, rather than other phytochemicals, are the most probable agents responsible for the milk-clotting ability of the plants, resulting in the formation of cheese. Furthermore, the growth inhibition to most of the test microbes is a manifestation that bacterial fermentation is not a means of clotting the milk as bacteria introduced to the milk would be killed by the sample extracts. Moreover, the use of the plants in the coagulation process would not pose health threats as far as oxalate and metal toxicity is concerned.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9874949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9874949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37861200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoid-Rich Extract of <i>Dissotis rotundifolia</i> Whole Plant Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage.","authors":"Michael Buenor Adinortey,&nbsp;Charles Ansah,&nbsp;Benjamin Aboagye,&nbsp;Justice Kwabena Sarfo,&nbsp;Orleans Martey,&nbsp;Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko","doi":"10.1155/2020/7656127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7656127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dissotis rotundifolia</i> is a plant in the family Melastomataceae. The methanolic extract of the whole plant is reported to be rich in C-glycosylflavones such as vitexin and orientin. Though there are several reports on the ethnomedicinal use of this plant extract in stomach ulcers, experimental-based data is unavailable. The drive for carrying out this research was to obtain data on the possible ameliorative effect of the whole plant extract of <i>Dissotis rotundifolia</i> (DRE) in gastric ulcerations induced by ethanol in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were pretreated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of DRE for 14 days after which an ulcerogen-ethanol was administered. Gross examinations of the stomach lining and histological analysis of gastric lesions were carried out coupled with an assessment of the antioxidant activity of gastric mucosa using MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD as indicators. The data suggested a significant attenuation in gastric mucosal damage in DRE-pretreated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer reflected in the antioxidant status. There was also a reduction or absence of hemorrhage, edema, and leucocytes infiltration in DRE-treated groups compared to the negative control group. DRE conserved glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels. The present study shows that DRE possess protective effects against ethanol-induced ulcer damage in the stomach of rats, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"7656127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/7656127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Requirement of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Multiple Centers.","authors":"Pei-Yu Wu, Yu-Tong Chen, Te-Chih Wong, Hsi-Hsien Chen, Tzen-Wen Chen, Tso-Hsiao Chen, Yung-Ho Hsu, Sheng-Jeng Peng, Ko-Lin Kuo, Szu-Chun Hung, Shwu-Huey Yang","doi":"10.1155/2020/2054265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/2054265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Energy requirements must be estimated before nutritional care can be provided for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the recommended caloric intake for patients has not been conclusively determined because of insufficiently large sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study recruited patients undergoing long-term HD from multiple centers as well as people in the general population without chronic kidney disease. People from both groups were matched by sex and age. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was estimated using an indirect calorimeter. Two commonly used equations for estimating REE and daily energy requirement recommended by the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) were chosen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study had 154 HD patients and 33 matched HD-control group pairs. Age (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and dry body weight after dialysis (<i>r</i> = -0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and dry body weight after dialysis (.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age and dry body weight are the main factors affecting the energy expenditure of HD patients. Furthermore, predicting the energy expenditure of HD patients by measuring the energy expenditure of their sedentary counterparts in the general population with the same sex, age range, and weight may yield better results than using traditional equations for predicting TEE. In East Asian populations, the TEE values were 32 and 30 kcal/kg dry weight for those aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively. Future prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"2054265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37821201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Efficacy and Complications of Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation at Different Temperatures for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia.","authors":"Tao Hong,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ding,&nbsp;Peng Yao","doi":"10.1155/2020/3854284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3854284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common neuropathic pain that seriously affects the daily life of patients. Many invasive treatments are currently available for patients who respond poorly to oral carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. Among them, radiofrequency (RF) treatment is a viable option with reliable initial and long-term clinical efficacy. The long-term analgesic effects of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) at high temperatures (≥80°C) are not superior to those at relatively low temperatures (60-75°C). In contrast, the higher the temperature, the greater the risk of complications, especially facial numbness, masticatory muscles weakness, and corneal hypoesthesia. Some patients even experience irreversible lethal complications. Therefore, we recommend low-temperature RFT (60-75°C) for treatment of TN. The therapeutic effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are controversial, whereas PRF (≤75°C) combined with RFT can improve long-term effects and decrease the incidence of complications. However, large-scale clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of the combination of PRF and RFT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3854284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3854284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37771320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylated Flavonols from <i>Amomum koenigii</i> J.F.Gmel. and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.","authors":"Minh Giang Phan,&nbsp;Thi Viet Huong Do,&nbsp;Quoc Binh Nguyen","doi":"10.1155/2020/4812312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4812312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylated flavonols form a special group with modulating biological activities in comparison with kaempferol and quercetin. The present study isolated ten compounds including two kaempferol methyl ethers: 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (<b>1</b>), 3-hydroxy-5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (<b>6</b>); four quercetin methyl ethers: retusin (5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone) (<b>4</b>), 3,5-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (<b>5</b>), 3,4'-dihydroxy-5,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone (<b>7</b>), and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (<b>9</b>); <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>2</b>); 5-hydroxy-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)eicosan-3-one (<b>3</b>); <i>p</i>-hydroquinone (<b>8</b>); and vanillic acid (<b>10</b>) from the rhizomes and fruit of <i>Amomum koenigii</i> J.F.Gmel. (Zingiberaceae). Their structures were determined by MS, NMR, and X-ray spectroscopic techniques. Among the methylated flavonols, <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>-<b>7</b>, and <b>9</b> were isolated for the first time from the rhizomes, while <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> were isolated from the fruit. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>8</b>, and <b>10</b> were reported for the first time from the species. Three main methylated flavonols <b>1</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> were quantitatively analyzed in the rhizomes of <i>A. koenigii</i> by RP-HPLC-DAD; their contents were determined to be 1.81% (<b>1</b>), 1.38% (<b>4</b>), and 1.76% (<b>5</b>). The antimicrobial assay against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and antioxidant DPPH scavenging test were performed for the isolated methylated flavonols.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4812312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4812312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in <i>XPO5</i> are Associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in a Chinese Population.","authors":"Ning Wang,&nbsp;Boshen Wang,&nbsp;Jiadi Guo,&nbsp;Suhao Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Baoli Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2020/9589310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9589310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 3'UTR of <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-control study involving 1040 cases and 1060 controls. The effects of SNPs on <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We genotyped four SNPs (rs2257082, rs11077, rs7755135, and rs1106841) in the <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on <i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on <i>XPO5. Conclusion</i>. The genetic polymorphism, rs11077, within <i>XPO5</i> is associated with the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in a Chinese population.<i>XPO5</i> gene and the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and to further explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in NIHL on.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9589310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9589310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37717473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Role of Rab5 in Membrane Receptor Trafficking and Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Wanqiong Yuan,&nbsp;Chunli Song","doi":"10.1155/2020/4186308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4186308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ras analog in brain (Rab) proteins are small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that belong to the Ras-like GTPase superfamily, and they can regulate vesicle trafficking. Rab proteins alternate between an activated (GTP-bound) state and an inactivated (GDP-bound) state. Early endosome marker Rab5 GTPase, a key member of the Rab family, plays a crucial role in endocytosis and membrane transport. The activated-state Rab5 recruits its effectors and regulates the internalization and trafficking of membrane receptors by regulating vesicle fusion and receptor sorting in the early endosomes. In this review, we summarize the role of small Rab GTPases Rab5 in membrane receptor trafficking and the activation of signaling pathways, such as Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt, which ultimately affect cell growth, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and tumor development. This review may provide some insights for our future research and novel therapeutic targets for diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"4186308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/4186308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37683138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Models of Osteochondral Defect for Testing Biomaterials.","authors":"Xiangbo Meng, Reihane Ziadlou, Sibylle Grad, Mauro Alini, Chunyi Wen, Yuxiao Lai, Ling Qin, Yanyan Zhao, Xinluan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2020/9659412","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/9659412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a great challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue engineering holds a good promise for regeneration of OCD. In the light of tissue engineering, it is critical to establish an appropriate animal model to evaluate the degradability, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host bone/cartilage tissues for OCD repair <i>in vivo</i>. Currently, model animals that are commonly deployed to create osteochondral lesions range from rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, and sheep horses to nonhuman primates. It is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model in terms of the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the common animal models of OCD for testing biomaterials and to discuss their applications in translational research. In addition, we have reviewed surgical protocols for establishing OCD models and biomaterials that promote osteochondral regeneration. For small animals, the non-load-bearing region such as the groove of femoral condyle is commonly chosen for testing degradation, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host tissues. For large animals, closer to clinical application, the load-bearing region (medial femoral condyle) is chosen for testing the durability and healing outcome of biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for selecting a suitable animal model for the development of new strategies for osteochondral regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9659412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7007938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37663550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}