Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Proteomics and Bioinformatics Investigations Link Overexpression of FGF8 and Associated Hub Genes to the Progression of Ovarian Cancer and Poor Prognosis.","authors":"Vikrant Kumar, Anil Kumar Tomar, Ayushi Thapliyal, Savita Yadav","doi":"10.1155/2024/4288753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4288753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer's asymptomatic nature, high recurrence rate, and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy highlight the need to find and characterize new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. While prior studies have linked aberrant expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) to various cancer types, its precise role has remained elusive. Recently, we observed that FGF8 silencing reduces the cancer-promoting properties of ovarian cancer cells, and thus, this study aimed to understand how FGF8 regulates the development of ovarian cancer. LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics analysis identified 418 DEPs, and most of them were downregulated in FGF8-silenced ovarian cancer cells. Many of these DEPs are associated with cancer progression and unfavorable prognosis. To decipher the biological significance of DEPs, bioinformatics analyses encompassing gene ontology, pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and expression analysis of hub genes were carried out. Hub genes identified in the FGF8 protein network were upregulated in ovarian cancer compared to controls and were linked to poor prognosis. Subsequently, the expression of hub genes was correlated with patient survival and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusively, FGF8 and associated hub genes help in the progression of ovarian cancer, and their overexpression may lead to higher immune infiltration, poor prognosis, and poor survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low Concentration of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Genotoxic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Behavioral Meters in <i>Danio rerio</i> (Teleostei and Cyprinidae).","authors":"Eduardo Bortolon Ribas, Gustavo Colombo Dal-Pont, Ariana Centa, Marcos Otávio Bueno, Ricardo Cervini, Rosana Claudio Silva Ogoshi, Claudriana Locatelli","doi":"10.1155/2024/1542152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1542152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glyphosate herbicide is a pesticide widely used in the world and can contaminate soil, air, and water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of GBH (0, 50, 250, and 500 <i>µ</i>g/L) for 96 hours. Brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemical and genotoxicity analyses, and behavioral tests were performed. The results showed that there was a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver at all concentrations and at the highest concentration in the brain. There was also a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the liver at all concentrations of glyphosate. There was an increase in micronuclei in the blood at the 500 <i>µ</i>g/L concentration. However, the count of nuclear abnormalities showed no differences from the control. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1<i>β</i>) generation was inhibited at all concentrations in the liver and at the highest concentration in the brain. No significant differences were found in the behavioral test compared to the control. The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Docking Study of Phytochemicals from the Roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i>.","authors":"Hadush Gebrehiwot, Urgessa Ensermu, Aman Dekebo, Milkyas Endale, Tariku Nefo Duke","doi":"10.1155/2024/7551813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7551813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> (Rhamnaceae family) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat dandruff, wounds, hair loss, diarrhea, mastitis, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal complications. To support this, the present work aims to study the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compound isolates from the roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> along with their <i>in silico</i> computational analyses. Compounds were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and an agar disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging assays were employed to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The ADME and toxicity properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and ProTox-II online Web tools, respectively. Conversely, the <i>in silico</i> molecular docking studies were attained via a Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 in combination with the AutoDock Vina software. The silica gel chromatographic separation of the combined CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) and CH₃OH root extracts afforded trimethyl trilinolein (<b>1</b>), stearic acid (<b>2</b>), 13-hydroxyoctadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid (<b>3</b>), <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>), and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>). Notably, the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial study revealed the extract and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) with the highest inhibitory activities (15.25 ± 0.35 and 14.25 ± 0.35 mm, respectively) against <i>E. coli</i> compared to ciprofloxacin (21.00 ± 0.35 mm) at 2 mg/mL. The CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) extract (IC₅₀ : 1.51 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (IC₅₀ : 5.41 <i>µ</i>g/mL) also exhibited auspicious DPPH scavenging activities, followed by stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) (IC₅₀ : 6.88 <i>µ</i>g/mL) compared to the ascorbic acid standard (IC₅₀ : 0.46 <i>µ</i>g/mL). The molecular docking analyses unveiled the highest binding affinity by <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (-8.0 kcal/mol) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PqsA relative to the ciprofloxacin standard (-8.2 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the organ toxicity predictions showed that all the compounds exhibit no hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) affords drug-likeness protocols. Overall, the combined experimental and computational investigations of this study support the traditional uses of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> for antibacterial and natural antioxidant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIP-4 is Induced by Bleomycin and Stimulates Cell Migration Partially via Nir-1 Receptor.","authors":"M Pacurari, I Cox, A N Bible, S Davern","doi":"10.1155/2024/5527895","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5527895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CC-chemokine ligand 18 also known as MIP-4 is a chemokine with roles in inflammation and immune responses. It has been shown that MIP-4 is involved in the development of several diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. How exactly MIP-4 is regulated and exerts its role in lung fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined how MIP-4 is regulated and whether it acts via its potential receptor Nir-1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A549 cells were grown and maintained in DMEM : F12 (1 : 1) and supplemented with 10% FBS and 1000 U of penicillin/streptomycin and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer (ATCC). Cell migration and invasion, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, qPCR, and siRNA Nir-1 were used to determine MIP-4 regulation and its role in cell migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell migration was increased following stimulation of cells with recombinant (r) MIP-4 and bleomycin (BLM), whereas quenching rMIP-4 with its antibody (Ab) or addition of the Ab to BLM or H₂O₂ diminished rMIP-4-induced cell migration. Along with cell migration, rMIP-4, BLM, and H₂O₂ induced the formation of actin filaments dynamic structures whereas costimulation with MIP-4 Ab limited BLM- and H₂O₂-induced effects. MIP-4 mRNA and protein were increased by BLM and H₂O₂, and the addition of its Ab significantly reduced treatments effect. Experiments with siRNA investigating whether Nir-1 is a potential MIR-4 receptor indicated that the inhibition of Nir-1 decreased cell migration/invasion but did not totally inhibit rMIP-4-induced cell migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, our data indicate that MIP-4 is regulated by BLM and H₂O₂ and costimulation with its Ab limits the effects on MIP-4 and that the Nir-1 receptor partially mediates MIP-4's effects on increased cell migration. These data also evidenced that MIP-4 is regulated by fibrotic and oxidative stimuli and that quenching MIP-4 with its Ab or therapeutically targeting the Nir-1 receptor may partially limit MIP-4 effects under fibrotic or oxidative stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity Activity, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Modelling of Compounds Isolated from Roots of <i>Hydnora johannis</i>.","authors":"Teshome Degfie, Milkyas Endale, Muhdin Aliye, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy, Tariku Nefo Duke, Aman Dekebo","doi":"10.1155/2024/3713620","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3713620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant <i>Hydnora johannis</i> has been utilized in folk medicine. Analyzing phytochemical composition of dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) root part of <i>Hydnora johannis</i> gave oleic acid (<b>1</b>), caffeic acid-2-hydroxynonylester (<b>2</b>), catechin (<b>3</b>), and a pregnane derivative (<b>4</b>). NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize compounds <b>1-3</b>, while compound <b>4</b> was identified through GC-MS analysis and literature comparison. The cytotoxicity of extracts from roots of <i>H. johannis</i> was conducted against MCF-7 cell lines (human breast cancer) by MTT assay. According to the cytotoxicity study, <i>n</i>-hexane extract exhibited a high level of toxicity with 28.9 ± 5.6% cell viability. Antibacterial activity was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogen.</i> The highest bacterial growth mean inhibition zone was measured for catechin (3) (13.72 ± 0.05 mm)) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> at 0.25 mg/mL and acceptable related to standard. Antioxidant activity was studied by the DPPH assay. Based on the data from the antioxidant study, DCM/MeOH extract (70.32%) and catechin (<b>3</b>) showed good antioxidant activity (65.61%) (IC₅₀ 0.25 <i>μ</i>g/mL) relative to that of the positive control (78.21%, IC₅₀ 0.014 <i>μ</i>g/mL) at 12.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL. In each docking pose, catechin (<b>3</b>) scored higher binding affinity of -7.9, -7.2, and -6.4 kcal/mol towards PqsA, DNA gyraseB, and <i>S. aureus</i> PK, respectively, compared to amoxicillin (-8.1, -6.1, and -6.4 kcal/mol). All five Lipinski rules were obeyed by compounds <b>1-3</b>, which showed an acceptable drug resemblance. The lipophilicity was computed as less than five (1.47-4.01) indicating a lipophilic property. Catechin (<b>3</b>) obeys Veber's rule implying its good oral bioavailability. Binding affinity scores of catechin (<b>3</b>)-protein interactions are in line with those from <i>in vitro</i> tests, indicating its potential antibacterial effect. The obtained cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity results support the utilization of <i>H. johannis</i> in folk medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions.","authors":"Alessia Ricci, Simone Carradori, Amelia Cataldi, Susi Zara","doi":"10.1155/2024/3649912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3649912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which A<i>β</i> and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD⁴⁺ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Vitamin B12: Insights into the Transformation of Methylcobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin to Cyanocobalamin through In Vitro Evaluation","authors":"M. A. Al Zoubi, Mus’aab A. Al-Oun, Fatima Yacoub Abusahyoun, Manal Abualarja, Asmaa Al Smadi, Bahaa Al-Trad, Sura A. Awadin, K. Al-Batayneh, Mai Elaarag, R. Al‐Zoubi","doi":"10.1155/2024/8827402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8827402","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble molecule required for the proper functioning of metabolism, blood and DNA synthesis, and neurological development. Vitamin B12 exists in several forms: methylcobalamin (MeCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), hydroxycobalamin (OHCbl), and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on the chemical structure of methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin forms of vitamin B12. MeCbl and OHCbl were markedly affected by exposure to cigarette smoke. The resemblance of the Rt between MeCbl and OHCbl and CNCbl indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke extracts chemically alters MeCbl and OHCbl to CNCbl, warranting in vivo research investigations.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide Extract from Red Kidney Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), Shows Promising Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Effects","authors":"Jennifer Tetteh, De-Youngster Wereko Brobbey, Kofi Junior Osei, Azumah Ayamah, M. Laryea, Godfred Darko, Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye","doi":"10.1155/2024/4667379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4667379","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria has led to an increased risk of infectious diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, poses a significant obstacle due to its propensity to rapidly acquire resistance to conventional antibiotics. This has resulted in an urgent need for the development of new classes of antibiotics that do not induce resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been studied as potential small-molecule antibiotics due to their unique mode of action. In this study, peptides were extracted from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), and the antimicrobial activities of the extract were evaluated using microbroth dilution against five different microorganisms. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL, except for Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which had MICs of 1.25 mg/mL. The extract was also bacteriostatic for all tested organisms. The crude peptide extract from Phaseolus vulgaris was further studied for its antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common nosocomial pathogen associated with biofilm formation. The extract showed good antibiofilm activity at 1/2 MIC. The extract also inhibited the expression of pyocyanin and pyoverdine (virulence factors of P. aeruginosa whose expression is mediated by quorum sensing) by 82% and 66%, respectively. These results suggest that the peptide mix from Phaseolus vulgaris may inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor expression by interfering with cell-to-cell communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ability of the extract to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of all tested organisms indicates its potential as an antimicrobial agent that could be further studied for drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), a Food Plant from Burkina Faso","authors":"Kayaba Kaboré, C. I. Dibala, Hemayoro Sama, M. Diao, M. Somda, M. Dicko","doi":"10.1155/2024/1289859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1289859","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of the fractions of the hydroethanolic extract of Uvaria chamae leaves, a food plant from Burkina Faso. Thus, the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract after drying were used to determine phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential on strains of pathogenic bacteria responsible for food contamination. Phytochemical analyses were performed according to standardized methods, while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods. The antibacterial activity of the fractions was determined by diffusion and microdilution methods on the agar medium with gentamicin as a reference antibiotic. All the six strains, namely, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, were sensitive to the fractions tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 37 µg·mL−1 to 1.67 mg·mL−1, respectively, gentamicin and butanolic fractions, while minimum bactericidal concentrations of the fractions ranged from 0.037 to 2.500 mg·mL−1 depending on the bacterial strain. Antioxidant activity varied significantly between fractions. For DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the butanol fraction was the most active, with an IC50 of 280 μg/mL, while the lowest activity (705 μg/mL) was recorded by the hexane fraction. Those of trolox and ascorbic acid used as standards were 80 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) ranged from 0.34 to 0.40 mmol EAA/g extract for the hexanic and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. Phenolic compound contents also varied significantly between fractions. Butanoic and ethyl acetate presented the best contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were also recorded between phenolics and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the active fractions would be related to their richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic, which are powerful natural antioxidants. U. chamae leaf extracts could therefore be used as dietary supplements to boost the immune system and prevent bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Solvents on the Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of <i>Micromeria graeca L</i>. from Middle Atlas of Morocco.","authors":"Fatima El Kamari, Hajar El Omari, Karima El-Mouhdi, Amina Chlouchi, Anjoud Harmouzi, Ilham Lhilali, Jihane El Amrani, Chadia Zahouani, Zouhair Hajji, Driss Ousaaid","doi":"10.1155/2024/9027997","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9027997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Micromeria graeca</i> L. is a dense chemical source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, which have various health-related properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of different extractor solvents on phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antifungal activities of different extracts. Initially, three extractor solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) were used to prepare the Soxhlet extracts, which were then examined for their polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential using three complementary assays (DPPH, FRAP, and TAC). The antifungal capacity against the two fungal strains (<i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>) was performed using the method of diffusion on disc. The dosage of phytochemical compounds revealed that the highest values were established in water extract with values of 360 ± 22.1 mg GAE/g dry weight plant and 81.3 ± 21.2 mg RE/g dry weight plant for TPC and TFC, respectively. In addition, the strongest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays was established in water extract with IC₅₀ values of 0.33 ± 0.23 and 0.23 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively, while the methanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity as measured by TAC with an IC₅₀ of 483 ± 17.6 mg GAEq/g dry weight plant. The water extract recorded the most important antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> with an inhibition zone of 16 ± 1.6 mm and MFC = 500 <i>μ</i>g/mL, whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest activity against both studied fungi strains. <i>Micromeria graeca</i> L. contains considerable amounts of bioactive contents with high antioxidant and antifungal potentials, which may make it a promising source of antioxidants and natural antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}