Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Hypoglycemic Assessment of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> on Diabetic Wistar Rats.","authors":"Egbujo Ejike Amina, James O Adisa, Solomon Matthias Gamde, Etinosa Beauty Omoruyi, Habauka M Kwaambwa, Lamech M Mwapagha","doi":"10.1155/2024/9779021","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9779021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf is used for diabetes due to its pharmacologic effects. Patients with hyperglycemia experience beta cell destruction. However, no research on risk awareness has been done to ascertain its safety. The present study describes the antidiabetic effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf, such as the protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, before addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. <b>Methods:</b> Forty-five Wistar rats weighed 160 ± 10 g were divided into nine groups. All animal operations complied with the National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals as approved by the Animal Ethical Committee, University of Jos. Group I was normal control and Group II was diabetic animals induced with alloxan. Insulin and extract doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were given to diabetic Groups III-VI. Normal animals in Groups VII-IX were given extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 28 days. Tissues were retrieved for biochemical and histological investigations using standard techniques. <b>Results:</b> There was decrease relative body weight of diabetic animals (95.50 ± 5.50) when compared to normal control (142.75 ± 20.08) with increased levels of urea (control 6.13 ± 0.523 and diabetes 29.23 ± 1.267) and creatinine (control 0.70 ± 0.057 and diabetes 2.13 ± 0.185). Histology of the liver and pancreas also points to organ damage due to hyperglycemia. However, oral administration of extract showed antidiabetic effect with protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, no glycogen was deposited in the liver, addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. Further discovery revealed that extract elevated antioxidant enzyme expression. <b>Conclusion:</b> Leaf extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> reduces blood sugar and lessens the damage caused by hyperglycemia in the pancreas and liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Characterization Among Different Parts of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>: In Vitro and In Silico Investigation.","authors":"Farjana Akter Hira, Ashekul Islam, Kanika Mitra, Ummey Hafsa Bithi, Khondoker Shahin Ahmed, Sanzida Islam, Shaike Mohammad Abdullah, Md Nazim Uddin","doi":"10.1155/2024/1904029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1904029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The study investigates the antioxidant properties of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>, focusing on identifying its antioxidant compounds and chemical constituents. We compare antioxidant activities across its root, stem, flower, and leaf and examine the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes by the plant's phytocompounds. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a comprehensive analysis that included proximate analysis, mineral content assessment, and in vitro antioxidant characterization of various plant parts-root, stem, flower, and leaf. The levels of bioactive phytochemicals in both ethanol and mixed-solvent extracts of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Additionally, we performed molecular docking studies to explore the interactions of quantified phytocompounds. <b>Results:</b> HPLC-DAD analysis quantified catechin hydrate, catechol, (-) epicatechin, rutin hydrate, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, vanillic acid, kaempferol, and trans-ferulic acid in <i>Catharanthus roseus.</i> Despite the ethanol extract having higher total antioxidant properties and flavonoid content, the mixed-solvent extract exhibited higher EC₅₀ for reducing power and lower IC₅₀ for ABTS, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and metal chelating activities. Molecular docking studies indicated that compounds such as catechin, rutin, epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol significantly inhibit the ROS-generating enzyme microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1). <b>Conclusions:</b> The mixed-solvent extract had higher levels of catechin hydrate, rutin hydrate, trans-ferulic acid, and vanillic acid, whereas the ethanol extract contained more (-) epicatechin, catechol, kaempferol, quercetin, and trans-cinnamic acid. While the extracts displayed antioxidant activity, the phytoconstituents also inhibited ROS-generating mPGES-1. These results identify key compounds with potential for developing new chemotherapeutic agents against ROS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Leaves Extract of <i>Aphania senegalensis</i>.","authors":"Fatemata Diallo, Insa Seck, Samba Fama Ndoye, Tamsir Niang, Sidy Mouhamed Dieng, Fatou Thiam, Moussa Ndao, El Hadji Mamour Sakho, Alioune Fall, Madièye Séne, Matar Seck","doi":"10.1155/2024/3468868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3468868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the extract of <i>Aphania senegalensis</i> leaves. The extraction was done using maceration at room temperature in water for 48 h. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by IR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. The thermal stability of these nanoparticles was studied by TGA. The zeta potential was used to define the size, charge distribution, and stability of the nanoparticles. Optimization reactions were carried out based on reaction time, pH, and temperature. The nanoparticles obtained from optimal conditions were evaluated on induced inflammation. The determination of the average diameters and geometry of nanoparticles was carried out by XRD by calculating the lattice constants, and they are between 18.11 and 50 nm. The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity showed that the nanoparticles are 10 times more active than the extract of <i>Aphania senegalensis</i> leaves. Minimum doses of 10 mg/kg orally and 3 mg/kg were obtained for the plant extract, respectively. These results are promising for the possibility of AgNPs to be used for the treatment of inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics and Bioinformatics Investigations Link Overexpression of FGF8 and Associated Hub Genes to the Progression of Ovarian Cancer and Poor Prognosis.","authors":"Vikrant Kumar, Anil Kumar Tomar, Ayushi Thapliyal, Savita Yadav","doi":"10.1155/2024/4288753","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4288753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer's asymptomatic nature, high recurrence rate, and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy highlight the need to find and characterize new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. While prior studies have linked aberrant expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) to various cancer types, its precise role has remained elusive. Recently, we observed that FGF8 silencing reduces the cancer-promoting properties of ovarian cancer cells, and thus, this study aimed to understand how FGF8 regulates the development of ovarian cancer. LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics analysis identified 418 DEPs, and most of them were downregulated in FGF8-silenced ovarian cancer cells. Many of these DEPs are associated with cancer progression and unfavorable prognosis. To decipher the biological significance of DEPs, bioinformatics analyses encompassing gene ontology, pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and expression analysis of hub genes were carried out. Hub genes identified in the FGF8 protein network were upregulated in ovarian cancer compared to controls and were linked to poor prognosis. Subsequently, the expression of hub genes was correlated with patient survival and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusively, FGF8 and associated hub genes help in the progression of ovarian cancer, and their overexpression may lead to higher immune infiltration, poor prognosis, and poor survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low Concentration of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Genotoxic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Behavioral Meters in <i>Danio rerio</i> (Teleostei and Cyprinidae).","authors":"Eduardo Bortolon Ribas, Gustavo Colombo Dal-Pont, Ariana Centa, Marcos Otávio Bueno, Ricardo Cervini, Rosana Claudio Silva Ogoshi, Claudriana Locatelli","doi":"10.1155/2024/1542152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1542152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glyphosate herbicide is a pesticide widely used in the world and can contaminate soil, air, and water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of GBH (0, 50, 250, and 500 <i>µ</i>g/L) for 96 hours. Brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemical and genotoxicity analyses, and behavioral tests were performed. The results showed that there was a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver at all concentrations and at the highest concentration in the brain. There was also a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the liver at all concentrations of glyphosate. There was an increase in micronuclei in the blood at the 500 <i>µ</i>g/L concentration. However, the count of nuclear abnormalities showed no differences from the control. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1<i>β</i>) generation was inhibited at all concentrations in the liver and at the highest concentration in the brain. No significant differences were found in the behavioral test compared to the control. The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Docking Study of Phytochemicals from the Roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i>.","authors":"Hadush Gebrehiwot, Urgessa Ensermu, Aman Dekebo, Milkyas Endale, Tariku Nefo Duke","doi":"10.1155/2024/7551813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7551813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> (Rhamnaceae family) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat dandruff, wounds, hair loss, diarrhea, mastitis, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal complications. To support this, the present work aims to study the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compound isolates from the roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> along with their <i>in silico</i> computational analyses. Compounds were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and an agar disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging assays were employed to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The ADME and toxicity properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and ProTox-II online Web tools, respectively. Conversely, the <i>in silico</i> molecular docking studies were attained via a Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 in combination with the AutoDock Vina software. The silica gel chromatographic separation of the combined CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) and CH₃OH root extracts afforded trimethyl trilinolein (<b>1</b>), stearic acid (<b>2</b>), 13-hydroxyoctadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid (<b>3</b>), <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>), and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>). Notably, the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial study revealed the extract and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) with the highest inhibitory activities (15.25 ± 0.35 and 14.25 ± 0.35 mm, respectively) against <i>E. coli</i> compared to ciprofloxacin (21.00 ± 0.35 mm) at 2 mg/mL. The CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) extract (IC₅₀ : 1.51 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (IC₅₀ : 5.41 <i>µ</i>g/mL) also exhibited auspicious DPPH scavenging activities, followed by stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) (IC₅₀ : 6.88 <i>µ</i>g/mL) compared to the ascorbic acid standard (IC₅₀ : 0.46 <i>µ</i>g/mL). The molecular docking analyses unveiled the highest binding affinity by <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (-8.0 kcal/mol) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PqsA relative to the ciprofloxacin standard (-8.2 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the organ toxicity predictions showed that all the compounds exhibit no hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) affords drug-likeness protocols. Overall, the combined experimental and computational investigations of this study support the traditional uses of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> for antibacterial and natural antioxidant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIP-4 is Induced by Bleomycin and Stimulates Cell Migration Partially via Nir-1 Receptor.","authors":"M Pacurari, I Cox, A N Bible, S Davern","doi":"10.1155/2024/5527895","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5527895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CC-chemokine ligand 18 also known as MIP-4 is a chemokine with roles in inflammation and immune responses. It has been shown that MIP-4 is involved in the development of several diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. How exactly MIP-4 is regulated and exerts its role in lung fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined how MIP-4 is regulated and whether it acts via its potential receptor Nir-1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A549 cells were grown and maintained in DMEM : F12 (1 : 1) and supplemented with 10% FBS and 1000 U of penicillin/streptomycin and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer (ATCC). Cell migration and invasion, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, qPCR, and siRNA Nir-1 were used to determine MIP-4 regulation and its role in cell migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell migration was increased following stimulation of cells with recombinant (r) MIP-4 and bleomycin (BLM), whereas quenching rMIP-4 with its antibody (Ab) or addition of the Ab to BLM or H₂O₂ diminished rMIP-4-induced cell migration. Along with cell migration, rMIP-4, BLM, and H₂O₂ induced the formation of actin filaments dynamic structures whereas costimulation with MIP-4 Ab limited BLM- and H₂O₂-induced effects. MIP-4 mRNA and protein were increased by BLM and H₂O₂, and the addition of its Ab significantly reduced treatments effect. Experiments with siRNA investigating whether Nir-1 is a potential MIR-4 receptor indicated that the inhibition of Nir-1 decreased cell migration/invasion but did not totally inhibit rMIP-4-induced cell migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, our data indicate that MIP-4 is regulated by BLM and H₂O₂ and costimulation with its Ab limits the effects on MIP-4 and that the Nir-1 receptor partially mediates MIP-4's effects on increased cell migration. These data also evidenced that MIP-4 is regulated by fibrotic and oxidative stimuli and that quenching MIP-4 with its Ab or therapeutically targeting the Nir-1 receptor may partially limit MIP-4 effects under fibrotic or oxidative stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity Activity, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Modelling of Compounds Isolated from Roots of <i>Hydnora johannis</i>.","authors":"Teshome Degfie, Milkyas Endale, Muhdin Aliye, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy, Tariku Nefo Duke, Aman Dekebo","doi":"10.1155/2024/3713620","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3713620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant <i>Hydnora johannis</i> has been utilized in folk medicine. Analyzing phytochemical composition of dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) root part of <i>Hydnora johannis</i> gave oleic acid (<b>1</b>), caffeic acid-2-hydroxynonylester (<b>2</b>), catechin (<b>3</b>), and a pregnane derivative (<b>4</b>). NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize compounds <b>1-3</b>, while compound <b>4</b> was identified through GC-MS analysis and literature comparison. The cytotoxicity of extracts from roots of <i>H. johannis</i> was conducted against MCF-7 cell lines (human breast cancer) by MTT assay. According to the cytotoxicity study, <i>n</i>-hexane extract exhibited a high level of toxicity with 28.9 ± 5.6% cell viability. Antibacterial activity was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogen.</i> The highest bacterial growth mean inhibition zone was measured for catechin (3) (13.72 ± 0.05 mm)) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> at 0.25 mg/mL and acceptable related to standard. Antioxidant activity was studied by the DPPH assay. Based on the data from the antioxidant study, DCM/MeOH extract (70.32%) and catechin (<b>3</b>) showed good antioxidant activity (65.61%) (IC₅₀ 0.25 <i>μ</i>g/mL) relative to that of the positive control (78.21%, IC₅₀ 0.014 <i>μ</i>g/mL) at 12.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL. In each docking pose, catechin (<b>3</b>) scored higher binding affinity of -7.9, -7.2, and -6.4 kcal/mol towards PqsA, DNA gyraseB, and <i>S. aureus</i> PK, respectively, compared to amoxicillin (-8.1, -6.1, and -6.4 kcal/mol). All five Lipinski rules were obeyed by compounds <b>1-3</b>, which showed an acceptable drug resemblance. The lipophilicity was computed as less than five (1.47-4.01) indicating a lipophilic property. Catechin (<b>3</b>) obeys Veber's rule implying its good oral bioavailability. Binding affinity scores of catechin (<b>3</b>)-protein interactions are in line with those from <i>in vitro</i> tests, indicating its potential antibacterial effect. The obtained cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity results support the utilization of <i>H. johannis</i> in folk medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions.","authors":"Alessia Ricci, Simone Carradori, Amelia Cataldi, Susi Zara","doi":"10.1155/2024/3649912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3649912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which A<i>β</i> and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD⁴⁺ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Vitamin B12: Insights into the Transformation of Methylcobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin to Cyanocobalamin through In Vitro Evaluation","authors":"M. A. Al Zoubi, Mus’aab A. Al-Oun, Fatima Yacoub Abusahyoun, Manal Abualarja, Asmaa Al Smadi, Bahaa Al-Trad, Sura A. Awadin, K. Al-Batayneh, Mai Elaarag, R. Al‐Zoubi","doi":"10.1155/2024/8827402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8827402","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble molecule required for the proper functioning of metabolism, blood and DNA synthesis, and neurological development. Vitamin B12 exists in several forms: methylcobalamin (MeCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), hydroxycobalamin (OHCbl), and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on the chemical structure of methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin forms of vitamin B12. MeCbl and OHCbl were markedly affected by exposure to cigarette smoke. The resemblance of the Rt between MeCbl and OHCbl and CNCbl indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke extracts chemically alters MeCbl and OHCbl to CNCbl, warranting in vivo research investigations.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}