Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles From Young Human Myogenic Progenitor Cells Rejuvenate Aged Cells.","authors":"Lorenzo Marramiero, Ester Sara Di Filippo, Federica Di Marco, Piero Del Boccio, Cristian Celia, Luisa Di Marzio, Nicola d'Avanzo, Tiziana Pietrangelo, Stefania Fulle, Rosa Mancinelli","doi":"10.1155/bri/5967706","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/5967706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, power, and function is challenging for humans. Skeletal muscle has been recently recognized as a secretory organ, with human myogenic progenitor cells (hMPCs) releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we investigate the role of hMPC-derived EVs as mediators in skeletal muscle aging. This heterologous approach enables the analysis of age-related variations in EV burden and their impact on human muscle stem cell function. Therefore, we isolated EVs from hMPCs obtained from <i>vastus lateralis</i> muscle biopsies of young and elderly subjects. Then, we characterized EVs for specific marker, size, and concentration and analyzed their miRNA expression and proteomic profiles to delineate the bioactive cargo that influences recipient cell signaling. Next, we tested the ability of EVs to modulate on hMPCs. Specifically, we treated elderly hMPCs with young EVs and vice versa to analyze viability and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that EVs released by young hMPCs carry regenerative signals that mitigate the functional decline of aged muscle stem cells. Conversely, the EVs derived from elderly hMPCs compromise the regenerative capacity of their younger counterparts. Therefore, these results suggest that hMPCs release EVs and that their cargo is modulated by donor age. Moreover, the EVs significantly modulated hMPCs' viability and differentiation in cell culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5967706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Chemical Characterization and Comparative Biological Activities of <i>Spinacia oleracea</i> and <i>Basella rubra</i> Leaf Extracts.","authors":"Biochemistry Research International","doi":"10.1155/bri/9859376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/bri/9859376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/bri/7140041.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9859376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Silico</i> Pharmacokinetic Profile and Antimalarial Efficacy of 3-Chloro-4-(4-Chlorophenoxy)Aniline.","authors":"Milka W Waithera, Shadrack K Kimani, Stephen Njoroge, Thomas Nyahanga, Johnson K Kinyua","doi":"10.1155/bri/6509347","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/6509347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the urgent need for new therapies to treat multidrug-resistant virulent <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, many promising antimalarial candidates fail to progress to clinical use because their pharmacokinetic (PK) profile is poorly characterized. This study predicted the PK profile of a new compound, 3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)aniline (ANI), in silico using the pkCSM online platform. In vitro cytotoxicity in Vero E6 cells and antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (<i>P. falciparum</i> 3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (<i>P. falciparum</i> W2) strains were screened using the MTT colorimetric and the [³H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assays, respectively. In vivo antimalarial efficacy was evaluated in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA and piperaquine-resistant (PQ^R) <i>P. berghei</i> parasites in mouse models employing early and established infection tests. <i>In silico</i> predictions show that ANI is a substrate for CYP 3A4 and CYP 2D6 and is unlikely to inhibit the hERG potassium ion channel. ANI exhibited low cytotoxicity, with a CC₅₀ value of 7.90 × 10² ± 86.40 μM, and potent antiplasmodial activity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.72 ± 0.09 μM and 1.84 ± 0.21 μM against the 3D7 and W2 strains, respectively. The selectivity index of greater than 400 indicates that ANI has a broad safety margin. In vivo, ANI demonstrated antimalarial efficacy with ED₅₀ values of 3.07 mg/kg/day against <i>P. berghei</i> ANKA and 2.81 mg/kg/day against PQ^R <i>P. berghei</i> parasites. Notably, mice treated with ANI in the established infection model survived for up to 30 days without observable adverse effects. These findings highlight ANI as a potential antimalarial compound and support further drug evaluation and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6509347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"L-Arginine Activates the Neuregulin-1/ErbB Receptor Signaling Pathway and Increases Utrophin mRNA Levels in C2C12 Cells\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/bri/9785358","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/9785358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/bri/2171745.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9785358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of the Roots of <i>Caesalpinia bonduc</i> and the Aerial Part of <i>Heliotropium indicum</i>.","authors":"Funkè F Assouma, Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon, Atchadé Pascal Tchogou, Machioud Maxime Sangaré, Gautier Roko, Bawa Boya, Yao Paul Attien, Olaréwadjou Amogou, Rachidatou Kamirou, Basile Konmy, Adolphe Adjanohoun, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Haziz Sina","doi":"10.1155/bri/9058679","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/9058679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological activities of <i>Heliotropium indicum</i> and <i>Caesalpinia bonduc</i>, two medicinal plants widely used in traditional medicine in Benin. In ethnomedicinal practice, <i>H. indicum</i> is commonly prepared as decoctions or infusions of the aerial parts and administered orally or topically to treat inflammatory conditions, wounds, fever, and infections, whereas <i>C. bonduc</i> roots are typically used in decoction for the management of urinary tract infections, pain, diabetes, and reproductive disorders. The present research aims to generate preliminary scientific data supporting these traditional applications. Aqueous and hydroethanolic (70% ethanol) extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of <i>H. indicum</i> and the roots of <i>C. bonduc</i>. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative colorimetric and precipitation reactions. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against multiresistant uropathogenic strains using the agar disk diffusion method and broth microdilution for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Antibiofilm activity was assessed using a crystal violet colorimetric assay. Analgesic and diuretic activities were evaluated in vivo in Wistar rats using hydroethanolic extracts. Acute oral toxicity was assessed following a limit test at 2000 mg/kg in rats. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins in both plant species. Among the tested samples, only the hydroethanolic extract of <i>C. bonduc</i> exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested uropathogenic strains, with inhibition zones ranging from 14.6 to 16.6 mm and MIC values between 6 and 6.5 mg/mL. The aqueous extract of <i>C. bonduc</i> and both extracts of <i>H. indicum</i> did not exhibit detectable antibacterial activity under the experimental conditions. However, all extracts demonstrated antibiofilm activity, inhibiting biofilm formation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. strains by 40.52%-71.93%. Hydroethanolic extracts of both plants showed significant analgesic activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the acetic acid-induced writhing test and exhibited measurable diuretic effects in rats. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed at 2000 mg/kg during the 14-day observation period. Hematological and biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges, and histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed no treatment-related alterations. These findings provide preliminary experimental support for some of the traditional uses of <i>H. indicum</i> and <i>C. bonduc</i> and suggest that hydroethanolic extracts of these plants warrant further investigation for the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9058679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Rosmarinic Acid-Enriched <i>Elsholtzia kachinensis</i> Extract Against Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Human Trophoblasts Through the miR-138-5p/FOXC1 Pathway.","authors":"Wittaya Chaiwangyen, Orawan Khantamat, Amnart Onsa-Ard, Napapan Kangwan, Wachiraporn Tipsuwan, Angkana Songkrao, Apirak Katasai, Apisit Phngam, Piyawan Nuntaboon, Ramita Sangprachum, Pilaiporn Thippraphan, Francisco Lázaro Pereira de Sousa","doi":"10.1155/bri/6626588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/6626588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation-induced dysregulation of microRNAs, particularly miR-138-5p, compromises trophoblast cell function and may contribute to pregnancy-related complications. While <i>Elsholtzia</i> species have been reported to possess therapeutic properties, the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Elsholtzia kachinensis</i> Prain (EKP) in trophoblast cells have not been explored. In this study, a 70% ethanolic extract of EKP was fractionated into hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (ETAC), and water (WT) fractions. Each fraction was subjected to phytochemical profiling, antioxidant assessment, and bioactive compound identification by GC-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among them, the ETAC fraction (EKP-ETAC) showed the highest antioxidant activity, reflected by the lowest IC₅₀ values in ABTS and DPPH assays, and contained the greatest levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Nontoxic concentrations were determined by an MTT assay. Pretreatment with EKP-ETAC alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced impairment of proliferation, migration, and invasion in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells, while reducing apoptosis, intracellular ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokine expression. Mechanistic analysis revealed that EKP-ETAC suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of miR-138-5p and restored the expression of FOXC1. The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FOXC1 is a direct target of miR-138-5p, mediating the effects of EKP-ETAC. LC-MS and HPLC analyses identified rosmarinic acid as the predominant bioactive component. These findings suggest that rosmarinic acid-enriched EKP-ETAC exerts protective effects on trophoblast cells by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation through the miR-138-5p/FOXC1 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6626588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13191767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in MASLD: Evidence in Dietary Models and Potential Therapeutic Interventions.","authors":"Elda Cristina Villaseñor-Tapia, Edgar Rubén Mendieta-Condado, David Alejandro Curiel-Pedraza, Edwin Estefan Reza-Zaldívar, Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre","doi":"10.1155/bri/6641383","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/6641383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is defined as the presence of excess triglyceride storage in the liver in the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. This term highlights the connection between fatty liver and metabolic dysfunction. Dietary factors, such as excessive consumption of saturated fats and sugar, contribute significantly to the accumulation of lipids in organs not specialized for fat storage, such as the liver. Hepatic lipid accumulation initiates dynamic changes in mitochondrial function and promotes the development and progression of MASLD. High-fat, high-fructose diet models have provided crucial insights into how nutritional factors induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which is characterized by impaired fatty acid oxidation, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, and damage to mitochondrial DNA. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments such as calorie restriction and weight loss, are essential for the early prevention and long-term treatment of MASLD. However, in recent years, several pharmacological options have emerged for the treatment of MASLD, primarily for the management of its comorbidities. This review explores the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction promoted by the accumulation of hepatic lipids, analyzes the evidence of mitochondrial alterations in the liver of dietary models, and summarizes some of the main therapeutic interventions for MASLD and their effects on mitochondrial function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6641383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147980293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Venom Pharmacological Resources: Exploiting Bioactive Peptides to Target Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria.","authors":"Rima Jaber, César Mattei, Claudine Accary, Rabih Roufayel, Ziad Abi Khattar, Ziad Fajloun","doi":"10.1155/bri/5088674","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/5088674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The escalating rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains significantly threatens global health, creating a \"silent pandemic\" prompted by natural selection, gene mutation, and horizontal gene transfer. This crisis is worsened by the deficit in the development of new treatments, necessitating the innovative discovery of new potent antibacterial agents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review examines animal venom, a complex mixture of an evolutionary array of bioactive molecules, as an important emergent source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), creating potential drug templates for next-generation therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We highlight numerous identified AMPs from various venomous taxa, including scorpions, snakes, spiders, frogs, bees, and wasps, characterized by their bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, characterized by rapid membrane disruption models, biofilm inhibition, bacterial enzyme dysregulation, immunomodulatory effects, and the control of intracellular targets. These bioresources serve as a structural base for the development of analogs with enhanced potency, higher selectivity, and less systemic toxicity. We also discuss repurposing strategies applied to the native AMPs, the potential application of nanoparticle technologies and the usage of computational methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These advanced approaches accelerate the examination of large databases to optimize structure-function characteristics, providing a roadmap for the development of future potential antimicrobial treatments derived from the rich reservoir of animal venom bioactive molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5088674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurochemical and Genetic Alterations in Chronic Stimulant (Crystal and Captagon) Users: A Comparative Analysis of Monoamine Biomarkers and Addiction-Related Gene Expression.","authors":"Yasameen Hameed Jasim, Basma A Al-Mashhdani, Mustafa Abd-Almajeed Abd-Alkareem, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah Bukhari, Rasha Hameed Jasim, Sonia Tabasum, Lala Hasanli, Rajwali Khan","doi":"10.1155/bri/2398129","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/2398129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation examined the long-term impact of stimulant use, assessing systematic dysfunction of the nervous system and how these changes were reflected in the gene expression of two addiction-related genes, SLC6A3 (dopamine transporter) and CARTPT (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript). Study subjects included 100 men over the age of 18 who have used stimulants (crystal and Captagon) as well as a group of 30 men of the same age who were healthy. Blood samples were taken from each subject, and plasma levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and total protein were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expression was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relative expression of SLC6A3 and CARTPT was calculated using the 2^-ΔΔCt method with GAPDH serving as an internal control. Stimulant users had significantly higher concentrations of plasma dopamine and norepinephrine compared to non-users, while also having much lower levels of both plasma serotonin and total protein compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). qRT-PCR showed that the expression of SLC6A3 and CARTPT was significantly increased in the stimulant group (5-7-fold increase). These findings, which reflect both biochemical and gene expression level changes, indicate increased dopaminergic activity, decreased serotonergic activity, and changes in the neuropeptide pathways related to stress and reward due to chronic use of stimulants. Overall, the combination of the biochemical and gene expression data indicates that chronic crystal and Captagon users demonstrate significant systemic dysfunction. The significant changes in the levels of monoamines and the activation of the SLC6A3 and CARTPT genes indicate that these two genes could serve as peripheral biomarkers in assessing stimulant use disorder. These data give a mechanistic basis for developing new diagnostic and treatment methods based on dopaminergic and neuropeptide signaling pathways involved in the use of stimulants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2398129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropharmacological, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Pothos scandens</i> Acetone Extract With GC-MS-Based Phytochemical Profiling.","authors":"S M Moazzem Hossen, Jannatul Naima Meem, Tanjina Nasrin Tamin, Rimon Chowdhury, Sadia Hosna Rony, Sheikh Imrul Kayes, Tawhidul Islam, Md Liakot Ali","doi":"10.1155/bri/2685178","DOIUrl":"10.1155/bri/2685178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pothos scandens</i>, belonging to the Araceae family, locally known as \"batilata,\" is traditionally used for treating various chronic diseases in folk medicine, such as epilepsy, seizures, convulsions, wounds, snakebites, skin issues, asthma, muscle problems, and diarrhea. This research examined the anxiolytic, antidepressant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory potentials of the acetone extract of <i>P. scandens</i> whole plant (APS) on in vivo mice and rat models. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board tests (HBTs) were carried out to assess the anxiolytic effects, while antidepressant activity with forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) and the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking tests on Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the analgesic activity, and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model was applied for anti-inflammatory effect. APS at 400 mg/kg exhibited significant anxiolytic (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and antidepressant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) effects. This study also demonstrated that APS has dose-dependent and significant analgesic effects for acetic acid-induced writhing (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and formalin-induced licking tests (<i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively, as well as anti-inflammatory (<i>p</i> < 0.001) activities compared to the standard diclofenac sodium. Furthermore, 11 compounds were detected in the extract through GC-MS. These phytochemicals exhibited significant binding affinities, excellent pharmacokinetics, and a safe toxicological profile, as reported by in silico molecular docking and ADMET analysis. The outcomes of this study confirmed that the presence of bioactive compounds in APS offers it considerable potential as a multimodal therapeutic substance with neuropharmacological, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2685178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}