Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Low Concentration of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Genotoxic, Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Behavioral Meters in <i>Danio rerio</i> (Teleostei and Cyprinidae).","authors":"Eduardo Bortolon Ribas, Gustavo Colombo Dal-Pont, Ariana Centa, Marcos Otávio Bueno, Ricardo Cervini, Rosana Claudio Silva Ogoshi, Claudriana Locatelli","doi":"10.1155/2024/1542152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1542152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glyphosate herbicide is a pesticide widely used in the world and can contaminate soil, air, and water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of GBH (0, 50, 250, and 500 <i>µ</i>g/L) for 96 hours. Brain, liver, and blood were collected for biochemical and genotoxicity analyses, and behavioral tests were performed. The results showed that there was a reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver at all concentrations and at the highest concentration in the brain. There was also a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the liver at all concentrations of glyphosate. There was an increase in micronuclei in the blood at the 500 <i>µ</i>g/L concentration. However, the count of nuclear abnormalities showed no differences from the control. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1<i>β</i>) generation was inhibited at all concentrations in the liver and at the highest concentration in the brain. No significant differences were found in the behavioral test compared to the control. The results showed that acute exposure to GBH promoted an inflammatory event, which reduced the efficiency of antioxidants, thus producing a disturbance in tissues, mainly in the liver, causing immunosuppression and generating genotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1542152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Docking Study of Phytochemicals from the Roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i>.","authors":"Hadush Gebrehiwot, Urgessa Ensermu, Aman Dekebo, Milkyas Endale, Tariku Nefo Duke","doi":"10.1155/2024/7551813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7551813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> (Rhamnaceae family) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat dandruff, wounds, hair loss, diarrhea, mastitis, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal complications. To support this, the present work aims to study the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and antioxidant activities of compound isolates from the roots of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> along with their <i>in silico</i> computational analyses. Compounds were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and an agar disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging assays were employed to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. The ADME and toxicity properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME and ProTox-II online Web tools, respectively. Conversely, the <i>in silico</i> molecular docking studies were attained via a Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021 in combination with the AutoDock Vina software. The silica gel chromatographic separation of the combined CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) and CH₃OH root extracts afforded trimethyl trilinolein (<b>1</b>), stearic acid (<b>2</b>), 13-hydroxyoctadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid (<b>3</b>), <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>), and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>). Notably, the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial study revealed the extract and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) with the highest inhibitory activities (15.25 ± 0.35 and 14.25 ± 0.35 mm, respectively) against <i>E. coli</i> compared to ciprofloxacin (21.00 ± 0.35 mm) at 2 mg/mL. The CH₂Cl₂ : CH₃OH (1 : 1) extract (IC₅₀ : 1.51 <i>µ</i>g/mL) and <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (IC₅₀ : 5.41 <i>µ</i>g/mL) also exhibited auspicious DPPH scavenging activities, followed by stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) (IC₅₀ : 6.88 <i>µ</i>g/mL) compared to the ascorbic acid standard (IC₅₀ : 0.46 <i>µ</i>g/mL). The molecular docking analyses unveiled the highest binding affinity by <i>β</i>-sitosteryl-3<i>β</i>-glucopyranoside-6'-<i>O</i>-palmitate (<b>4</b>) (-8.0 kcal/mol) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PqsA relative to the ciprofloxacin standard (-8.2 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the organ toxicity predictions showed that all the compounds exhibit no hepatotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects and stigmasterol (<b>5</b>) affords drug-likeness protocols. Overall, the combined experimental and computational investigations of this study support the traditional uses of <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> for antibacterial and natural antioxidant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7551813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIP-4 is Induced by Bleomycin and Stimulates Cell Migration Partially via Nir-1 Receptor.","authors":"M Pacurari, I Cox, A N Bible, S Davern","doi":"10.1155/2024/5527895","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5527895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CC-chemokine ligand 18 also known as MIP-4 is a chemokine with roles in inflammation and immune responses. It has been shown that MIP-4 is involved in the development of several diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. How exactly MIP-4 is regulated and exerts its role in lung fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined how MIP-4 is regulated and whether it acts via its potential receptor Nir-1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A549 cells were grown and maintained in DMEM : F12 (1 : 1) and supplemented with 10% FBS and 1000 U of penicillin/streptomycin and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer (ATCC). Cell migration and invasion, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, qPCR, and siRNA Nir-1 were used to determine MIP-4 regulation and its role in cell migration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell migration was increased following stimulation of cells with recombinant (r) MIP-4 and bleomycin (BLM), whereas quenching rMIP-4 with its antibody (Ab) or addition of the Ab to BLM or H₂O₂ diminished rMIP-4-induced cell migration. Along with cell migration, rMIP-4, BLM, and H₂O₂ induced the formation of actin filaments dynamic structures whereas costimulation with MIP-4 Ab limited BLM- and H₂O₂-induced effects. MIP-4 mRNA and protein were increased by BLM and H₂O₂, and the addition of its Ab significantly reduced treatments effect. Experiments with siRNA investigating whether Nir-1 is a potential MIR-4 receptor indicated that the inhibition of Nir-1 decreased cell migration/invasion but did not totally inhibit rMIP-4-induced cell migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, our data indicate that MIP-4 is regulated by BLM and H₂O₂ and costimulation with its Ab limits the effects on MIP-4 and that the Nir-1 receptor partially mediates MIP-4's effects on increased cell migration. These data also evidenced that MIP-4 is regulated by fibrotic and oxidative stimuli and that quenching MIP-4 with its Ab or therapeutically targeting the Nir-1 receptor may partially limit MIP-4 effects under fibrotic or oxidative stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5527895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity Activity, and <i>In Silico</i> Molecular Modelling of Compounds Isolated from Roots of <i>Hydnora johannis</i>.","authors":"Teshome Degfie, Milkyas Endale, Muhdin Aliye, Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy, Tariku Nefo Duke, Aman Dekebo","doi":"10.1155/2024/3713620","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3713620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant <i>Hydnora johannis</i> has been utilized in folk medicine. Analyzing phytochemical composition of dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) root part of <i>Hydnora johannis</i> gave oleic acid (<b>1</b>), caffeic acid-2-hydroxynonylester (<b>2</b>), catechin (<b>3</b>), and a pregnane derivative (<b>4</b>). NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize compounds <b>1-3</b>, while compound <b>4</b> was identified through GC-MS analysis and literature comparison. The cytotoxicity of extracts from roots of <i>H. johannis</i> was conducted against MCF-7 cell lines (human breast cancer) by MTT assay. According to the cytotoxicity study, <i>n</i>-hexane extract exhibited a high level of toxicity with 28.9 ± 5.6% cell viability. Antibacterial activity was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogen.</i> The highest bacterial growth mean inhibition zone was measured for catechin (3) (13.72 ± 0.05 mm)) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> at 0.25 mg/mL and acceptable related to standard. Antioxidant activity was studied by the DPPH assay. Based on the data from the antioxidant study, DCM/MeOH extract (70.32%) and catechin (<b>3</b>) showed good antioxidant activity (65.61%) (IC₅₀ 0.25 <i>μ</i>g/mL) relative to that of the positive control (78.21%, IC₅₀ 0.014 <i>μ</i>g/mL) at 12.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL. In each docking pose, catechin (<b>3</b>) scored higher binding affinity of -7.9, -7.2, and -6.4 kcal/mol towards PqsA, DNA gyraseB, and <i>S. aureus</i> PK, respectively, compared to amoxicillin (-8.1, -6.1, and -6.4 kcal/mol). All five Lipinski rules were obeyed by compounds <b>1-3</b>, which showed an acceptable drug resemblance. The lipophilicity was computed as less than five (1.47-4.01) indicating a lipophilic property. Catechin (<b>3</b>) obeys Veber's rule implying its good oral bioavailability. Binding affinity scores of catechin (<b>3</b>)-protein interactions are in line with those from <i>in vitro</i> tests, indicating its potential antibacterial effect. The obtained cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity results support the utilization of <i>H. johannis</i> in folk medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3713620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11213641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions.","authors":"Alessia Ricci, Simone Carradori, Amelia Cataldi, Susi Zara","doi":"10.1155/2024/3649912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3649912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which A<i>β</i> and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD⁴⁺ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3649912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11211015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Solvents on the Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of <i>Micromeria graeca L</i>. from Middle Atlas of Morocco.","authors":"Fatima El Kamari, Hajar El Omari, Karima El-Mouhdi, Amina Chlouchi, Anjoud Harmouzi, Ilham Lhilali, Jihane El Amrani, Chadia Zahouani, Zouhair Hajji, Driss Ousaaid","doi":"10.1155/2024/9027997","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9027997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Micromeria graeca</i> L. is a dense chemical source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, which have various health-related properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of different extractor solvents on phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antifungal activities of different extracts. Initially, three extractor solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) were used to prepare the Soxhlet extracts, which were then examined for their polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential using three complementary assays (DPPH, FRAP, and TAC). The antifungal capacity against the two fungal strains (<i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>) was performed using the method of diffusion on disc. The dosage of phytochemical compounds revealed that the highest values were established in water extract with values of 360 ± 22.1 mg GAE/g dry weight plant and 81.3 ± 21.2 mg RE/g dry weight plant for TPC and TFC, respectively. In addition, the strongest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays was established in water extract with IC₅₀ values of 0.33 ± 0.23 and 0.23 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively, while the methanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity as measured by TAC with an IC₅₀ of 483 ± 17.6 mg GAEq/g dry weight plant. The water extract recorded the most important antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> with an inhibition zone of 16 ± 1.6 mm and MFC = 500 <i>μ</i>g/mL, whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest activity against both studied fungi strains. <i>Micromeria graeca</i> L. contains considerable amounts of bioactive contents with high antioxidant and antifungal potentials, which may make it a promising source of antioxidants and natural antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9027997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Exploration of Bioluminescence Systems, Mechanisms, and Advanced Assays for Versatile Applications.","authors":"Asiri N Dunuweera, Shashiprabha P Dunuweera, K Ranganathan","doi":"10.1155/2024/8273237","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8273237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioluminescence has been a fascinating natural phenomenon of light emission from living creatures. It happens when the enzyme luciferase facilitates the oxidation of luciferin, resulting in the creation of an excited-state species that emits light. Although there are many bioluminescent systems, few have been identified. D-luciferin-dependent systems, coelenterazine-dependent systems, <i>Cypridina</i> luciferin-based systems, tetrapyrrole-based luciferins, bacterial bioluminescent systems, and fungal bioluminescent systems are natural bioluminescent systems. Since different bioluminescence systems, such as various combinations of luciferin-luciferase pair reactions, have different light emission wavelengths, they benefit industrial applications such as drug discovery, protein-protein interactions, in vivo imaging in small animals, and controlling neurons. Due to the expression of luciferase and easy permeation of luciferin into most cells and tissues, bioluminescence assays are applied nowadays with modern technologies in most cell and tissue types. It is a versatile technique in a variety of biomedical research. Furthermore, there are some investigated blue-sky research projects, such as bioluminescent plants and lamps. This review article is mainly based on the theory of diverse bioluminescence systems and their past, present, and future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8273237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10861286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Spectrometry of Putrescine, Spermidine, and Spermine Covalently Attached to <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Universal Stress Protein and Bovine Albumin.","authors":"Lawrence M Schopfer, Benjamin Girardo, Oksana Lockridge, Marilynn A Larson","doi":"10.1155/2024/7120208","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7120208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial and mammalian cells are rich in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Polyamines are required for optimum fitness, but the biological function of these small aliphatic compounds has only been partially revealed. Known functions of polyamines include interaction with nucleic acids that alters gene expression and with proteins that modulate activity. Although polyamines can be incorporated into proteins, very few naturally occurring polyaminated proteins have been identified, which is due in part to the difficulty in detecting these adducts. In the current study, bovine albumin and the recombinant universal stress protein from <i>Francisella tularensis</i> were used as models for mass spectrometry analysis of polyaminated proteins. The proteins were covalently bound to putrescine, spermidine, or spermine by the action of carbodiimide or microbial transglutaminase. Tryptic peptides, subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were identified using Protein Prospector software. We describe the search parameters for identifying polyaminated peptides and show MS/MS spectra for adducts with putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Manual evaluation led us to recognize signature ions for polyamine adducts on aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine, as well as neutral loss from putrescine, spermidine, and spermine during the fragmentation process. Mechanisms for the formation of signature ions and neutral loss are presented. Manual evaluation identified a false-positive adduct that had formed during trypsinolysis and resulted in peptide sequence rearrangement. Another false positive initially appeared to be a 71 kDa putrescine adduct on a cysteine residue. However, it was an acrylamide adduct on cysteine for a sample extracted from a polyacrylamide gel. The information presented in this report provides guidance and serves as a model for identifying naturally occurring polyaminated proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7120208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10861277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> var. Porrum (Alliaceae) Improves Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in <i>Wistar</i> Rats.","authors":"Alison Degrace Fofie Tedongmo, Marie Alfrede Mvondo","doi":"10.1155/2024/8364343","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8364343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of <i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> against female infertility, the effects of the aqueous extract of the said plant (AE) were evaluated in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AE was administered orally to PCOS rats at doses of 192, 384, and 768 mg/kg. The positive control was co-treated with clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) and metformin (200 mg/kg). Normal and negative controls received distilled water. The vaginal contents of rats were examined daily under a microscope before (7 days) and during treatment. Treatments were administered orally for 15 days, and then, 6 rats from each group were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses. The remaining rats were mated with males of proven fertility for 5 days. The daily examination of vaginal smears allowed the evaluation of fertility index. After parturition, additional fertility parameters were determined. Results showed that in PCOS rats, AE decreased body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001), abdominal fat weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001), serum levels of LH (<i>p</i> < 0.001), testosterone (<i>p</i> < 0.001), total cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and LDL cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.01). HDL cholesterol increased and atherogenic indices decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The number of Graafian follicles and <i>corpora lutea</i> increased, while cystic (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and atretic (<i>p</i> < 0.05) follicles decreased. AE also decreased oxidative stress in the ovaries, restored the estrous cycle, induced uterine epithelial cell hypertrophy, and improved fertility. These effects were attributed to phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins present in AE. The overall results justify the traditional use of <i>A. ampeloprasum</i> against female infertility and suggest its potential use as a dietary supplement for PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8364343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10817811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cronassial Ameliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation and Carbonyl Stress in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Rats","authors":"Gayane Ghazaryan, Hasmik Zanginyan, Laura Hovsepyan, Artyom Azatyan, Maria Ghazaryan, Lusine Mardanyan","doi":"10.1155/2023/5552740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5552740","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in damaging myelin cells, a precursor to the development of myelin-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis, has gained increasing significance. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats serves as an experimental model for human multiple sclerosis. Our study elucidates and demonstrates the antioxidant properties of Cronassial, a drug containing gangliosides, on the processes of free radical lipid oxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in the brains and spinal cords of rats with EAE. Our research results reveal an elevated production of oxidative stress products, including peroxides, hydroperoxides, and oxidized proteins, in experimental animals. This phenomenon is one of the factors contributing to myelin damage. Administering a ganglioside-containing drug normalizes the consequences of oxidative stress and inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species. Consequently, the data obtained highlight the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Cronassial when administered to animals with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":"121 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}