Biochemistry Research International最新文献

{"title":"Cronassial Ameliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation and Carbonyl Stress in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Rats","authors":"Gayane Ghazaryan, Hasmik Zanginyan, Laura Hovsepyan, Artyom Azatyan, Maria Ghazaryan, Lusine Mardanyan","doi":"10.1155/2023/5552740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5552740","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in damaging myelin cells, a precursor to the development of myelin-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis, has gained increasing significance. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats serves as an experimental model for human multiple sclerosis. Our study elucidates and demonstrates the antioxidant properties of Cronassial, a drug containing gangliosides, on the processes of free radical lipid oxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in the brains and spinal cords of rats with EAE. Our research results reveal an elevated production of oxidative stress products, including peroxides, hydroperoxides, and oxidized proteins, in experimental animals. This phenomenon is one of the factors contributing to myelin damage. Administering a ganglioside-containing drug normalizes the consequences of oxidative stress and inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species. Consequently, the data obtained highlight the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Cronassial when administered to animals with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of Coenzyme Q10 in Various Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases.","authors":"Alireza Ebrahimi, Amirhossein Kamyab, Sahar Hosseini, Sedigheh Ebrahimi, Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani","doi":"10.1155/2023/5510874","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5510874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), commonly known as ubiquinone, is a vitamin-like component generated in mitochondrial inner membranes. This molecule is detected broadly in different parts of the human body in various quantities. This molecule can be absorbed by the digestive system from various nutritional sources as supplements. CoQ10 exists in three states: in a of reduced form (ubiquinol), in a semiquinone radical form, and in oxidized ubiquinone form in different organs of the body, playing a crucial role in electron transportation and contributing to energy metabolism and oxygen utilization, especially in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Since the early 1980s, research about CoQ10 has become the interest for two reasons. First, CoQ10 deficiency has been found to have a link with cardiovascular, neurologic, and cancer disorders. Second, this molecule has an antioxidant and free-radical scavenger nature. Since then, several investigations have indicated that the drug may benefit patients with cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and neurodegenerative illnesses. CoQ10 may protect the neurological system from degeneration and degradation due to its antioxidant and energy-regulating activity in mitochondria. This agent has shown its efficacy in preventing and treating neurological diseases such as migraine, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. This study reviews the literature to highlight this agent's potential therapeutic effects in the mentioned neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72013330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematinic and Hepatoprotective Properties of <i>Telfairia occidentalis</i> Fruit Mesocarp on Phenylhydrazine-Induced Anaemia in Experimental Rats.","authors":"Ada Francesca Nneoyi-Egbe,&nbsp;Eridiong Onyenweaku,&nbsp;Andyno Akpanukoh,&nbsp;Patricia Ebai","doi":"10.1155/2023/8838481","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8838481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The level and potential of iron contained in fluted pumpkin (<i>Telfairia occidentalis</i>) has been exploited as a blood tonic; however, the potentials of some other parts of the plant are unknown. The effect of <i>T. occidentalis</i> fruit mesocarp (aqueous extract) on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemia in experimental rats was investigated in a bid to determine its curative properties and potential in reversing haemolytic anaemia and protection of liver health. The LD₅₀ of the fruit extract was determined using Lorke's method for the determination of acute toxicity. The study involved oral administration of varying doses of the extract to different groups of rats which were monitored for 24 hours. The test sample did not show any signs of toxicity at doses of 5000 mg/kg b.wt, which is the highest possible recommended dose for toxicity testing. For the evaluation of the effects of the fruit extract on haematological indices and biochemical enzyme markers in anaemic rats, 30 matured albino Wistar rats were used. The rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group 1 consisted of normal rats (control group), Group 2 consisted of anaemic untreated rats, and Group 3 consisted of anaemic rats treated with the standard drug Astymin, while Groups 4 and 5 were made up of anaemic rats given the extract at doses of 600 mg/kg b.wt and 1000 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. The fruit extract failed to show any significant effect in improving the haemoglobin (Hb), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels in anaemic rats but rather may have contributed to a reduction in Hb levels and an unhealthy increase in serum enzyme levels. This is indicative of the apparent inability of the aqueous extract of the <i>T. occidentalis</i> fruit mesocarp to reverse PHZ-induced haemolytic anaemia and may suggest a possible detrimental effect of high doses of the extract over a prolonged period.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, and <i>In Silico</i> Analysis of the Methanolic Leaf and Flower Extracts of <i>Clitoria ternatea</i>.","authors":"Md Ariful Islam,&nbsp;Samiran Kumar Mondal,&nbsp;Shirmin Islam,&nbsp;Most Nourin Akther Shorna,&nbsp;Suvro Biswas,&nbsp;Md Salah Uddin,&nbsp;Shahriar Zaman,&nbsp;Md Abu Saleh","doi":"10.1155/2023/8847876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8847876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study on the leaf and flower extracts of <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> plants. Our research encompassed in vitro assessments of their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, we employed in silico screening to identify promising compounds with potential applications in developing novel anti-<i>Escherichia coli</i> medications. Notably, our investigation revealed a remarkable inhibition zone of 13.00 ± 1 mm when applying the leaf extract (200 <i>μ</i>g/ml) against <i>E. coli</i>, showcasing its potent antibacterial properties. Furthermore, both the leaf and flower extracts exhibited substantial biofilm inhibition efficacy against <i>S. aureus</i>, with inhibition percentages of 54% and 58%, respectively. In the realm of antioxidant activity, the leaf and flower extracts of <i>C. ternatea</i> displayed noteworthy DPPH free radical scavenging capabilities. Specifically, the leaf extract exhibited a substantial activity of 62.39% at a concentration of 150 <i>μ</i>g/ml, while the flower extract achieved 44.08% at the same concentration. Our study also evaluated the impact on brine shrimp, where the floral extract displayed a significantly higher mortality rate of 93.33% at a dosage of 200 <i>μ</i>g/ml compared to the leaf extract. To elucidate potential therapeutic targets, we utilized molecular docking techniques, focusing on the acbR protein (5ENR) associated with antibiotic resistance in <i>E. coli</i>. In this analysis, compounds isolated from the <i>C. ternatea</i> leaf extract, namely D1 (CID-14478556), D2 (CID-6423376), and D3 (CID-20393), exhibited binding energies of -8.2 kcal/mol, -6.5 kcal/mol, and -6.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, compounds from the flower extract, E1 (CID-5282761), E2 (CID-538757), and E3 (CID-536762), displayed binding energies of -5.4 kcal/mol, -5.3 kcal/mol, and -5.1 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, the leaf and flower extracts derived from <i>C. ternatea</i> represent a promising natural resource with potential therapeutic applications in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41117371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Computational Study on Selected Alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: PASS Prediction, Molecular Docking, ADMET Analysis, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.","authors":"Md Golam Mortuza, Md Abul Hasan Roni, Ajoy Kumer, Suvro Biswas, Md Abu Saleh, Shirmin Islam, Samia Sadaf, Fahmida Akther","doi":"10.1155/2023/9975275","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9975275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite treatments and vaccinations, it remains difficult to develop naturally occurring COVID-19 inhibitors. Here, our main objective is to find potential lead compounds from the retrieved alkaloids with antiviral and other biological properties that selectively target the main SARS-CoV-2 protease (<i>M</i>^pro), which is required for viral replication. In this work, 252 alkaloids were aligned using Lipinski's rule of five and their antiviral activity was then assessed. The prediction of activity spectrum of substances (PASS) data was used to confirm the antiviral activities of 112 alkaloids. Finally, 50 alkaloids were docked with <i>M</i>^pro. Furthermore, assessments of molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS), density functional theory (DFT), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were performed, and a few of them appeared to have potential as candidates for oral administration. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) with a time step of up to 100 ns were used to confirm that the three docked complexes were more stable. It was found that the most prevalent and active binding sites that limit <i>M</i>^pro'sactivity are PHE294, ARG298, and GLN110. All retrieved data were compared to conventional antivirals, fumarostelline, strychnidin-10-one (L-1), 2,3-dimethoxy-brucin (L-7), and alkaloid ND-305B (L-16) and were proposed as enhanced SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Finally, with additional clinical or necessary study, it may be able to use these indicated natural alkaloids or their analogs as potential therapeutic candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10171978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Antimicrobial Properties and Bioactive Compounds of <i>Pleurotus Ostreatus</i> Extracts against <i>Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia coli,</i> and <i>Neisseria Gonorrhoeae</i>.","authors":"Sinethemba H Yakobi,&nbsp;Senzosenkosi Mkhize,&nbsp;Ofentse J Pooe","doi":"10.1155/2023/1777039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1777039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the potential of pathogenic bacteria to acquire resistance to a variety of antimicrobial drugs has developed significantly due to the indiscriminate exposure of a number of antibiotic compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial capabilities and activities of crude <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> extracts against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 25923), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922), <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (ATCC 49926), and nine multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. All of these isolates exhibited sensitivity to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, while the majority of antibiotic resistance was seen against penicillin G, sulphonamide, and ciprofloxacin. Fifty percent of the isolates exhibited absolute resistance to both sulphonamide and ciprofloxacin, whereas 40% of the isolates displayed absolute resistance to penicillin G. The antibacterial activity of <i>P. ostreatus</i> extracts examined in this investigation varied within the same species of microorganisms. Extract <i>B</i> and <i>D</i>, extracted in the presence of 20% wheat bran bagasse and 20% maize flour bagasse, respectively, had exceptional antibacterial activity against all target isolates examined. We observed the lowest concentration of antibacterial agent required to inhibit the target bacteria to be between 1 × 10^-3 mg/ml and 1 × 10^-6 mg/ml with an estimated probability of 0.30769, a lower 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.126807, an upper 95% CI of 0.576307, an estimated probability of 0.15385, a lower 95% CI of 0.043258, and an upper 95% CI, respectively. The MBC of 1 × 10^-3 mg/ml was seen to eliminate 31% of the target bacteria. This dose was the most inhibitive. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts examined in the current study exhibited some degree of efficacy against both clinical isolates and standard strains. However, the majority of clinically isolated bacteria exhibited greater resistance to the extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10125757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9414240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-Based Markers of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systems Biology Approach.","authors":"Setareh Shojaei,&nbsp;Pouya Menbari,&nbsp;Shokoofeh Jamshidi,&nbsp;Amir Taherkhani","doi":"10.1155/2023/5512894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5512894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) are the first and second leading causes of oral cancer, respectively. OTSCC and BSCC are associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral cancer. Thus, we aimed to indicate signaling pathways, Gene Ontology terms, and prognostic markers mediating the malignant transformation of the normal oral tissue to OTSCC and BSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dataset GSE168227 was downloaded and reanalyzed from the GEO database. Orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) analysis identified common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in OTSCC and BSCC compared to their adjacent normal mucosa. Next, validated targets of DEMs were identified using the TarBase web server. With the use of the STRING database, a protein interaction map (PIM) was created. Using the Cytoscape program, hub genes and clusters within the PIM were shown. Next, gene-set enrichment analysis was carried out using the g:Profiler tool. Using the GEPIA2 web tool, analyses of gene expression and survival analysis were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two DEMs, including has-miR-136 and has-miR-377, were common in OTSCC and BSCC (<i>p</i> value <0.01; |Log2 FC| > 1). A total of 976 targets were indicated for common DEMs. PIM included 96 hubs, and the upregulation of EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, and HSPA5 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), while NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 overexpression was significantly linked to favorable prognosis in the patients with HNSCC. \"Clathrin-mediated endocytosis\" was considerably dysregulated in OTSCC and BSCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that has-miR-136 and has-miR-377 are underexpressed in OTSCC and BSCC than in normal oral mucosa. Moreover, EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, HSPA5, NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 demonstrated prognostic markers in HNSCC. These findings may benefit the prognosis and management of individuals with OTSCC/BSCC. However, additional experimental verification is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9783620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropomyosin Isoform Diversity in the Cynomolgus Monkey Heart and Skeletal Muscles Compared to Human Tissues.","authors":"Dipak K Dube,&nbsp;Syamalima Dube,&nbsp;Lynn Abbott,&nbsp;Omar Elsekaily,&nbsp;Samender S Randhawa,&nbsp;Jean M Sanger,&nbsp;Joseph W Sanger,&nbsp;Bernard J Poiesz","doi":"10.1155/2023/1303500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1303500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Old world monkeys separated from the great apes, including the ancestor of humans, about 25 million years ago, but most of the genes in humans and various nonhuman primates are quite similar even though their anatomical appearances are quite different. Like other mammals, primates have four tropomyosin genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which generates a multitude of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing. Only TPM1 produces two sarcomeric isoforms (TPM1<i>α</i> and TPM1<i>κ</i>), and TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 each generate one sarcomeric isoform. We have cloned and sequenced TPM1<i>α</i>, TPM1<i>κ</i>, TPM2<i>α</i>, TPM3<i>α</i>, and TPM4<i>α</i> with RNA from cynomolgus (Cyn) monkey hearts and skeletal muscle. We believe this is the first report of directly cloning and sequencing of these monkey transcripts. In the Cyn monkey heart, the rank order of TPM isoform expression is TPM1<i>α</i> > TPM2<i>α</i> > TPM1<i>κ</i> > TPM3<i>α</i> > TPM4<i>α</i>. In the Cyn monkey skeletal muscle, the rank order of expression is TPM1<i>α</i> > TPM2<i>α</i> > TPM3<i>α</i> > TPM1<i>κ</i> > TPM4<i>α</i>. The major differences in the human heart are the increased expression of TPM1<i>κ</i>, although TPM1<i>α</i> is still the dominant transcript. In the Cyn monkey heart, the only sarcomeric TPM isoform at the protein level is TPM1<i>α</i>. This is in contrast to human hearts where TPM1<i>α</i> is the major sarcomeric isoform but a lower quantity of TPM1<i>κ</i>, TPM2<i>α</i>, and TPM3<i>α</i> is also detected at the protein level. These differences of tropomyosin and/or other cardiac protein expression in human and Cyn monkey hearts may reflect the differences in physiological activities in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9889151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10651184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Protective Effects of Phenolic Acids on Protein Glycation of BSA Supported by In Vitro and Docking Studies.","authors":"Marzieh Rashedinia,&nbsp;Zeinab Rasti Arbabi,&nbsp;Razieh Sabet,&nbsp;Leila Emami,&nbsp;Alireza Poustforoosh,&nbsp;Zahra Sabahi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9984618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several diabetic complications are associated with forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Different chemical and natural compounds are able to prevent the development of these products. In this study, glycosylation was induced as a model by incubating bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose. Consequently, BSA was treated with glucose and different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 <i>μ</i>M) of syringic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, paracoumaric acid, and caffeic acid for 4 and 6 weeks. Biochemical experiments comprise measurements of fluorescent AGEs, protein carbonyl contents, total thiol, hemolysis tests, and also malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in RBC. These demonstrated the antiglycating mechanism of these phenolic acids. Most of the phenolic acids used in this study reduced MDA levels and protected thiol residues in protein structures. They also inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs and RBC lysis, except gallic acid. Moreover, ferulic acid, paracoumaric acid, and caffeic acid proteins significantly prevent carbonylation. Molecular docking and simulation studies showed that ellagic, caffeic, gallic, and syringic acids could interact with lysine and arginine residues in the active site of BSA and stabilize its structure to inhibit the formation of AGEs. Our results suggest that phenolic acid could be used as a potential phytochemical against protein glycation and related diabetic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9882237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Swiss Albino Mice Fed on Either a Purified or Cereal-Based Diet for 15 weeks.","authors":"Hellen W Kinyi,&nbsp;Charles Drago Kato,&nbsp;Deusdedit Tusubira,&nbsp;Gertrude N Kiwanuka","doi":"10.1155/2023/9121174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9121174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laboratory animals are commonly fed on cereal-based diets (CBDs) whose nutrient composition is unknown and may confound the metabolic response to study interventions. Purified diets such as AIN-93M are therefore recommended, as their nutrient composition is known. However, few studies have evaluated their use as adequate control diets. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrition status of Swiss albino mice fed on either CBD or AIN-93M for 15 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty Swiss albino mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 21.7 g ± 0.6 were fed on either CBD or AIN-93M diet for 15 weeks. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric and hematological indices, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol to select an appropriate normal control diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CBD had low-calorie content (2.57 kcal/g) and protein (11 ± 3.8 g/100 g) compared to AIN-93M (3.8 kcal/g and 14 g/100 g, respectively). The BMI of male mice fed on CBD and AIN-93M diets was significantly higher (<i>P</i>=0.0139 and <i>P</i>=0.0325, respectively) compared to that of females fed on similar diets. Animals in the CBD group had lower hemoglobin (15.1-16.9 g/dl) compared to those in the AIN-93M group (18.1-20.8 g/dl). Serum albumin levels were higher in both male (<i>P</i>=0.001) and female (<i>P</i>=3 × 10^-6) mice fed on AIN-93M compared to those fed on CBD. Females in the AIN-93M group had higher cholesterol (<i>P</i>=0.026) than those in the CBD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AIN-93 diet of caloric value 3.85 kcal/g (total protein 14 g, total fat 4 g of soy bean oil, fibre 5 g, and total carbohydrate 42 g per 100 g) can be safely used as a normal control diet in long-term research studies using Swiss albino mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8826,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Research International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10247330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}