Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the cognitive effects of kratom: A review","authors":"Farah Wahida Suhaimi ,&nbsp;Nurul Husna Mohamad Khari ,&nbsp;Zurina Hassan ,&nbsp;Christian P. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the strict kratom regulation in some regions, the demand for kratom products is still increasing worldwide. Kratom products are commonly consumed for their pain-relieving effect or as a self-treatment for opioid use disorder. Kratom is also taken as a recreational drug among youth and adults. Since substance abuse can cause cognitive impairment, many studies investigated the effects of kratom on cognition. The interaction of some kratom alkaloids with various receptors such as opioid, serotonergic, and adrenergic receptors further sparks the interest to investigate the effects of kratom on cognitive function. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of the effects of kratom on cognitive behaviours and their underlying changes in neurobiological mechanisms. In conclusion, kratom, particularly its main alkaloid, mitragynine may adversely affect cognitive performances that may be attributed to the disruption in synaptic plasticity, brain activity as well as various proteins involved in synaptic transmission. The impact of kratom on cognitive functions could also shed light on its safety profile, which is essential for the therapeutic development of kratom, including its potential use in opioid substitution therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing structural MRI and unsupervised clustering to differentiate schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease in late-onset psychosis","authors":"Seyed Hani Hojjati ,&nbsp;Kewei Chen ,&nbsp;Gloria C. Chiang ,&nbsp;Amy Kuceyeski ,&nbsp;Xiuyuan H. Wang ,&nbsp;Qolamreza R. Razlighi ,&nbsp;Silky Pahlajani ,&nbsp;Lidia Glodzik ,&nbsp;Emily B. Tanzi ,&nbsp;Michael Reinhardt ,&nbsp;Tracy A. Butler","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Late-onset psychosis (LOP) represents a highly heterogeneous and understudied condition, with potential origins ranging from atypically late onset of schizophrenia (SCZ) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Despite the clinical necessity of differentiating these conditions to guide effective treatment, achieving an accurate diagnosis remains challenging. This study aimed to utilize data-driven analyses of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish between these diagnostic possibilities. Utilizing publicly available datasets of MRI scans from 699 healthy control (HC) participants and 469 patients diagnosed with SCZ or AD, our analysis focused on bilateral subcortical volumetric measures in the caudate, hippocampus, putamen, and amygdala. We first trained an unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm based on SCZ and AD patients and achieved a clustering accuracy of 81 % and an area under curvature (AUC) of 0.79 in distinguishing between these two groups. Subsequently, we calculated the Euclidean distance between the AD and SCZ cluster centroids for each of ten patients with unexplained onset of psychosis after age 45 from a clinical MRI registry. Six patients were classified as AD and four as SCZ. Our findings revealed that among LOP participants, those classified in the SCZ cluster exhibited significantly greater right putamen volumes compared to those in the AD cluster (p &lt; 0.0025). There were also intriguing clinical differences. While we do not have diagnostic biomarker information to confirm these classifications, this study sheds light on the heterogeneity of psychoses in late life and illustrates the potential use of widely available structural MRI and data-driven methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for LOP patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigational object-location memory assessment in real and virtual environments: A systematic review","authors":"Tania Llana ,&nbsp;Marta Mendez ,&nbsp;M.-Carmen Juan ,&nbsp;Magdalena Mendez-Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Navigational object-location memory (OLM) is a form of spatial memory involving actual or virtual body displacement for repositioning previously encoded objects within an environment. Despite its potential for higher ecological validity measures, navigational OLM has been less frequently assessed than static OLM. The present systematic review aims to characterize the methodology and devices used for OLM assessment in navigational real and virtual environments and synthesize recent literature to offer a comprehensive overview of OLM performance in both pathological and non-pathological adult samples. A search through four different databases was conducted, identifying 39 studies. Most studies assessed navigational OLM in healthy adults by 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional computerized tasks, although immersive Virtual Reality (VR) devices were also frequently employed. Small environments and objects with high-semantic value were predominantly used, with assessment mainly conducted immediately after learning through free-recall tasks. The findings revealed that healthy samples outperformed clinical ones in navigational OLM. Men showed superior performance compared to women when cues or landmarks were used, but this advantage disappeared in their absence. Better results were also noted with shorter intervals between learning and recall. Fewer OLM errors occurred in real environments compared to both immersive and non-immersive VR. Influences of environmental features, object semantics, and participant characteristics on OLM performance were also observed. These results highlight the need for standardized methodologies, the inclusion of a broader age range in populations, and careful control over the devices, environments, and objects used in navigational OLM assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute effects of whole-body vibration exercise on cortical activation in young adults: An fNIRS study","authors":"Sanne Hamer ,&nbsp;Branislava Ćurčić-Blake ,&nbsp;Eddy A. van der Zee ,&nbsp;Marieke J.G. van Heuvelen","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has emerged as an alternative exercise modality for individuals unable to participate in regular physical activity. While previous studies demonstrated positive effects of WBV on physical outcomes, its impact on cognition remains relatively unexplored, despite studies suggesting cognitive benefits. This study aims to investigate the cortical activation patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during WBV and a subsequent cognitive task. <em>Methods</em>: Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) levels in the brain were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word Interference (CWIT) and Color-Block test (CBT). Twenty-four participants (21.50 ± 1.59 years, 11 female) were randomly assigned to one of twelve balanced orders, involving different frequencies (24 Hz, 12 Hz, control) and postures (sitting or standing) on a side-alternating vibration plate. <em>Results</em>: HbO2 levels were lower at 12 and 24 Hz versus control, most prominently in the left DLPFC. During the CWIT, HbO2 levels tended to be higher after WBV versus control. CWIT performance significantly improved after WBV versus control at 12 Hz in sitting posture, and at 12 and 24 Hz in standing posture. <em>Conclusion</em>: Our results point towards decreased cortical activation during WBV, especially in the left DLPFC, but beneficial effects as a consequence of WBV expressed in increased activation during the CWIT and improved cognitive performance, indicating cognitive readiness. These results underscore the potential efficacy of WBV as a cognitive-enhancing therapy. Replicating these findings in older adults would enhance the study's generalizability and practical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training for improving response inhibition: A proof-of-concept, single-blind randomised controlled study","authors":"Xiaomin Xu ,&nbsp;Stevan Nikolin ,&nbsp;Adriano H. Moffa ,&nbsp;Mei Xu ,&nbsp;Thanh Vinh Cao ,&nbsp;Colleen K. Loo ,&nbsp;Donel M. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Impaired response inhibition is a common characteristic of various psychiatric disorders. Cognitive training (CT) can improve cognitive function, but the benefits may be limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to enhance neuroplasticity, and thereby augment the effects of CT. We aimed to investigate the augmentation effects of rTMS on CT for response inhibition in healthy participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: one with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) + CT and the other with sham iTBS + CT over four experimental sessions. Prolonged iTBS (1800 pulses) was used to stimulate the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in a counterbalanced order. Participants completed a Stop Signal training task following iTBS over one brain region, followed by the Go/No-Go training task after iTBS over the other brain region. The Stroop task with concomitant electroencephalography was conducted before and immediately after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant differences between groups in behavioural outcomes on the Stop Signal task, Go/No-Go task, Stroop task or Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for Adults. Similarly, analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) from the Stroop task (N200 and N400) and exploratory cluster-based permutation analysis did not reveal any significant differences between groups. Subgroup analyses revealed that individuals with higher baseline impulsivity exhibited better learning effects in the active group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This first proof of concept study did not find evidence that four sessions of active rTMS + CT could induce cognitive or neurophysiological effects on response inhibition in healthy participants. However, subgroup analyses suggests that rTMS combined with CT could be useful in improving response inhibition in individuals with high impulsivity. It is recommended that future proof of concept studies examine its potential in this clinical population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perspective during gestural executions alters hemispherical specialization","authors":"Ingo Helmich ,&nbsp;Sophie Mueller ,&nbsp;Robert Rein ,&nbsp;Hedda Lausberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The left hemisphere may be particularly specialized for gestures from an egocentric movement perspective, i.e., when executing <em>tool-use pantomime (TUP)</em> gestures. Because nonverbal hand movements from an allocentric perspective such as <em>motion quality presentation (MQP)</em> gestures (i.e., when gesturing actions such as when a girl slides down a slideway) may rely on right hemispheric correlates, we contrasted such gestures with the hypothesis that <em>TUP</em> and <em>MQP</em> rely on different hemispherically lateralized functions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>24 right-handed healthy individuals were investigated by applying functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) above pre- and postcentral gyri of either hemisphere during three types of gesture production: (I) <em>TUP</em>, (II) <em>MQP</em>, and (III) <em>meaningless</em> gestures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (∆HbO₂) were found for <em>TUP</em> gestures within the left hemispheric supramarginal gyrus (SMG) as well as the right hemispheric precentral gyrus and when contrasted to <em>meaningless</em> gestures. The contrast of <em>MQP</em> versus <em>meaningless</em> gestures resulted in increased ∆HbO₂ of the precentral gyrus within the right hemisphere. No difference (∆HbO₂) was found when contrasting <em>TUP</em> versus <em>MQP</em> gestures directly.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The present results demonstrate that <em>tool-use pantomimes</em> and <em>motion quality presentations</em> share motor-cognitive functions of gesture production. However, action depicting gestures may depend on the perspective during their execution. In fact, the egocentric perspective of <em>tool-use pantomime</em> gestures relies on left and right hemispheric functions whereas allocentric gestures may be rather grounded in functions of the right hemisphere alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation enhances motor function and modulates cortical excitability of motor cortex in a Parkinson's disease mouse model","authors":"Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingzhao Wang ,&nbsp;Yihao Xu ,&nbsp;Haochen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinrui Mi ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Lu ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Fan ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Lv ,&nbsp;Guizhi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor dysfunction. Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), an emerging non-invasive brain neuromodulation technology, is increasingly being applied in the treatment of brain diseases. However, the effects of TMAS on PD are unknown, which is not well studied. Here, we utilized TMAS on PD model mice induced by MPTP to investigate the underlying mechanism of therapy. Our study found that TMAS improved the behavioral performance of PD model mice, enhancing the motor function and motivation for movement. Besides, it inhibited the increased beta oscillations in the motor cortex, while also reducing gamma oscillations. Moreover, the abnormally exaggerated beta-broad gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC) was decreased after TMAS, and there was a significant negative correlation between PAC and both distance traveled and mean speed during the open filed test. Additionally, the ongoing stimulation could provide neuroprotection, implying that TMAS could ameliorate the loss of dopaminergic neurons, with no damage observed in the brain tissue of mice. Our findings suggest that TMAS could provide a non-invasive tool for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and beta-broad gamma phase amplitude coupling could be employed as a biomarker for PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed reality alters motor planning and control","authors":"Xiaoye Michael Wang ,&nbsp;Michael Nitsche ,&nbsp;Gabby Resch ,&nbsp;Ali Mazalek ,&nbsp;Timothy N. Welsh","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to physical unmediated reality (UR), mixed reality technologies, such as Virtual (VR) and Augmented (AR) Reality, entail perturbations across multiple sensory modalities (visual, haptic, etc.) that could alter how actors move within the different environments. Because of the mediated nature, goal-directed movements in VR and AR may rely on planning and control processes that are different from movements in UR, resulting in less efficient motor control. The current study involved participants performing manual pointing movements on Müller-Lyer illusion stimuli to examine the relative contributions of movement planning and online control in UR, VR, and AR. Compared to UR, movements in VR were slower but were equally variable with a comparable level of online control, whereas movements in AR showed comparable speed but exhibited higher variability and less online control. Further, movements in VR and AR demonstrated a greater illusory effect in endpoint accuracy relative to UR. These findings suggested that participants in VR adopted an active compensation strategy to overcome the impact of less efficient online control, whereas participants in AR did not. The findings that movement planning and execution in VR and AR are fundamentally different from those in UR provide valuable insights into the potential neural systems engaged during movements in different realities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-maternal nest building behaviours in mice predict bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesion extent","authors":"Aubrey M. Demchuk ,&nbsp;Ingrid M. Esteves ,&nbsp;Bruce L. McNaughton","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lesions and pharmacological inactivation of the hippocampus have long been important tools for assessing the critical role of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Such studies often require a substantial investment of time and resources and, so, a tool for estimating lesion extent and screening animals prior to histological verification would be of considerable utility. Mice with bilateral hippocampal lesions have previously been observed to be deficient at nest building. Therefore, non-maternal nest construction was assessed as a predictor of the <em>extent</em> of hippocampal lesions. Mice with complete bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesions (comprising &gt;50 % of the total volume of both hippocampi) exhibited severe deficits in nest building, failing to shred and/or gather nesting materials. In contrast, incomplete dorsal hippocampal lesions were not sufficient to cause impairments. Overall, among both male and female mice, nest construction score was highly positively correlated with the total volume of intact dorsal hippocampus. Importantly, reduced nesting behaviours could not be explained by gross motor deficits, which were evaluated by running performance on a non-motorized treadmill. Altogether, spontaneous nest building behaviour was confirmed to be a simple, cost-effective, and reliable predictor of bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesion extent in an otherwise healthy mouse strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to the activation of different intranasal trigeminal receptors: Evidence from behavioral, peripheral and central levels","authors":"Yiling Mai ,&nbsp;Johanna Flechsig ,&nbsp;Jonathan Warr ,&nbsp;Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>There are various receptors that mediate intranasal trigeminal sensations. However, few studies compare the response patterns across different receptor activations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recorded negative mucosal potentials (NMPs) in 24 healthy participants and event-related potentials (ERPs) in 17 participants during exposure to five odors that trigger trigeminal sensations and one olfactory stimulus. Additionally, 10 participants completed a continuous odor intensity rating task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed a significant effect of odor type on NMP amplitudes (F=13.51–21.88, p’s &lt; 0.01), with cyclohexanone (TRPV1) and CO2 (TRPV1 +A1) inducing greater N1 and/or P1N1 amplitudes than other stimuli (t = 3.28–7.54, p’s &lt; 0.05). Similar differences were seen in ERP amplitudes (F=3.69–12.25, p’s &lt; 0.05), with cyclohexanone showing greater P2 and/or N1P2 amplitudes than PEA (odorant), carvacrol (TRPV3 +A1), and perillaldehyde (TRPA1) (t = 3.13–4.10, p’s &lt; 0.05). CO2 also produced greater amplitudes than carvacrol (t = 3.53–4.42, p’s &lt; 0.05). In the odor intensity rating task, cyclohexanone, CO2, and isopulegol (TRPM8 +TRPA1) had higher peak ratings, steeper slopes, and/or shorter latencies (F=6.15–13.86, p’s &lt; 0.01; t = 3.14–7.76, p’s &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Activation of different intranasal trigeminal receptors yields varied responses. Notably, stimuli involving TRPV1 activation, linked to irritation or pain, elicited stronger behavioral and neural activity compared to stimuli involving other receptors, even when controlling for rated stimulus intensity. This emphasizes TRPV1’s significance in survival adaptation. Future studies should test different sets of stimulants to verify the robustness of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}