Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Four weeks standard vs. one week accelerated intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for the treatment of depression – A retrospective analysis","authors":"Katharina Dragon ,&nbsp;Carina Janthur ,&nbsp;Tobias Hebel ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abdelnaim ,&nbsp;Andreas Reißmann ,&nbsp;Berthold Langguth ,&nbsp;Martin Schecklmann","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), a specific form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly used for treating affective disorders. Accelerated iTBS protocols (aiTBS) with shorter treatment duration may lead to equal but faster response rates compared to standard protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Here, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 66 rTMS in- and out-patients with major depressive disorder in a tertiary care hospital between April 2023 and September 2023. All patients received left prefrontal iTBS with 1200 pulses, either one session/workday over 4 weeks (<em>n</em> = 34) or left prefrontal aiTBS on five sessions/workday for one week (<em>n</em> = 32). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) before and at the end of the respective treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>With both treatments, iTBS and aiTBS, the severity of depression improved significantly according to HAMD-21 and MDI. Response rates for iTBS were 38 % (HAMD-21) and 35 % (MDI), for aiTBS 19 % (HAMD-21) and 16 % (MDI), respectively. Remission rates showed a similar pattern. Effect sizes for group differences were small to medium. No serious adverse events occurred in any group. Tolerability was lower in aiTBS. Overall satisfaction was low for aiTBS on a qualitative and subjective level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>aiTBS with 1200 pulses and five daily sessions lead to amelioration of symptoms within one week. But benefit, satisfaction, tolerability was slightly lower in contrast to four weeks of iTBS. For everyday clinical practice, aiTBS protocols can be considered after weighing up the logistical disadvantages, such as possible longer waiting time for new patients that want to start a therapy with TMS. Future studies should explore the optimal dosage regime (number of sessions per day, number of pulses per session) for fast and effective symptom reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel virtual reality fear conditioning paradigm to investigate the influence of expectancy violation on fear extinction","authors":"Daniel Gromer,&nbsp;Yannik Stegmann,&nbsp;Bianca Lorenz,&nbsp;Yannik Kraus,&nbsp;Paula Franz,&nbsp;Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure therapy is an efficient treatment for pathological anxiety, yet its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Prediction error models suggest that optimizing the violation of threat-related expectancies improves treatment outcomes, however, causal evidence is still sparse. The aim of the current study was therefore to provide causal evidence for the influence of the extent of expectancy violations on extinction retention using a novel virtual reality fear conditioning paradigm. In total, 100 participants completed a two-day fear conditioning paradigm in which the approach behavior of an animated stimulus was differentially reinforced with an electrical stimulus (i.e., closer distances were associated with a higher probability for receiving the aversive stimulation). To experimentally manipulate the extent of expectancy violations during fear extinction, participants were presented only with distances to the conditioned stimulus that either weakly (i.e., far distances) or strongly predicted the aversive outcome (i.e., close distances), resulting in low vs. high expectancy violations. We found successful fear acquisition and extinction, as well as an influence of the extent of expectancy violations on US-expectancy and threat ratings after extinction on day 1. On the second day, at a spontaneous recovery and reinstatement test, however, there was only weak evidence for improved extinction retention in the high expectancy violation condition. Optimizing expectancy violations might be a necessary but not sufficient condition for improved extinction retention. Future research needs to address the conditions under which expectancy violations lead to robust expectancy adjustments and how these conditions can be met in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical structure of left superior parietal cortex is associated with cognition and dual tasking: A cross-sectional preliminary study between mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls","authors":"Siyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qunhui Yin ,&nbsp;Yiyi Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiuhua Yu ,&nbsp;Xue Cheng ,&nbsp;Tingni Li ,&nbsp;Hongjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Fuming Zheng ,&nbsp;Wai Leung Ambrose Lo ,&nbsp;Chuhuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit poorer performance in cognition and dual-task paradigm, while the related cortical thickness and surface area alterations remains unclear. Methods: Thirty participants with MCI and thirty healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive assessments and dual-task Timed Up and Go test (DT-TUG) were performed to assess cerebral cortical thickness and surface area, cognitive functions, and dual-task cost (DTC) of the execution time in TUG. Spearman correlations were conducted to assess the relationships between the cognitive, TUG performance with the cortical morphological measures. Results: MCI participants performed worse in the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), WAIS Digit Span, TMT and the modified Posner peripheral cuing task. Their execution time on the DT-TUG was also prolonged. WAIS Digit Span Backwards was correlated with DT-TUG in HC group. A significant between-group difference was observed in the surface area of the left SPC. The cortical thickness of this brain region was positively correlated with the total scores and attention subdomain of MoCA in HC group. The cortical thickness and the surface area were correlated with the time of DT-TUG in HC group only. Conclusions: Individuals with MCI demonstrated declines in both cognitive function and dual-task walking performance. This study provides further evidence of surface-based structural differences in the left SPC in individuals with and without MCI, and supports the role of the left SPC in cognition and dual-task walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donepezil treatment mitigates cholinergic system alterations, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and memory impairment induced by branched-chain amino acid administration in rats","authors":"Isabela da Silva Lemos ,&nbsp;Carolina Giassi Alano ,&nbsp;Rafael Orestes Canarim ,&nbsp;Ellen De Pieri ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Mendes Botelho ,&nbsp;Catharina de Bem Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Pauline Souza Effting ,&nbsp;Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila ,&nbsp;Gislaine Zilli Réus ,&nbsp;Guilhian Leipnitz ,&nbsp;Emilio Luiz Streck","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an inherited metabolic disorder biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine and their derivatives. Patients present with neurological disabilities and treatment is limited. Donepezil, a drug used for neurodegenerative disorders, has been shown to improve memory and counteract oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether donepezil administration could improve alterations in the cholinergic system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior changes in rats submitted to a chemical MSUD model based on the administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Our results showed a decrease in short- and long-term memory in the object recognition task in rats submitted to BCAA administration. We also verified an increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex of the BCAA control group. Increased reactive species production, alterations in the antioxidant defenses, and inflammation were further observed. Additionally, we found that donepezil treatment attenuated alterations in AChE activity, reactive species production, lipids oxidative damage, inflammation, and memory. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of MSUD and suggest that donepezil is a potential pharmacological treatment for this disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 115359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorpyrifos intermittent exposure enhances cardiovascular but not behavioural responses to contextual fear conditioning in adult rats: Possible involvement of brain oxidative-nitrosative stress","authors":"Yuri Fernandes Pereira Rosa ,&nbsp;Gabriel Gavazza Noé ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Oliveira Merlo ,&nbsp;Raphael Rizzo Calixto ,&nbsp;Anna Paula Perin Vidigal ,&nbsp;Bruna Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Kissylla Brisson da Silva ,&nbsp;Vitória Fosse Coelho ,&nbsp;Vítor Sampaio Minassa ,&nbsp;Karla Nívea Sampaio ,&nbsp;Vanessa Beijamini","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPs) may cause psychiatric, neurologic, biochemical, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Neurotoxicity of OP compounds is primarily due to irreversibly inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme both centrally and peripherally. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used OP classified as moderately toxic. Previously, it has been shown that CPF administration, given every other day to adult rats, impairs spatial memory and prepulse inhibition associated with brain AChE inhibition. Our group also found that intermittent treatment with CPF, simulating occupational exposure, impairs the cardiorespiratory reflexes and causes cardiac hypertrophy. Thereby, we aimed to examine whether subchronic and intermittent administration of CPF would affect the behavioural (freezing) and cardiovascular (mean arterial pressure, MAP; heart rate, HR) responses elicited during contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and extinction. Wistar adult male rats were injected with sublethal and intermittent CPF doses (4 and 7 mg/kg) three times a week for one month. Two days after the last injection, a range of tests were performed to assess depression (sucrose preference), anxiety (elevated plus-maze, EPM), locomotion (open field, OF), and conditioned fear expression and extinction. Separate cohorts of animals were euthanized to measure plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), erythrocyte AChE, brain AChE activity, and markers of oxidative-nitrosative stress. Intermittent CPF treatment did not affect sucrose preference. CPF (4 and 7 mg/kg) reduced open-arms exploration in the EPM, suggesting an anxiogenic effect. The higher dose of CPF decreased the total distance travelled in the OFT, suggesting motor impairment. After a seven-day CPF-free washout period, CPF (7 mg/kg) increased the tachycardic response without affecting freezing behaviour in the CFC extinction session. CPF 7 mg/kg decreased AChE activity in the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex and brainstem 72 after the last administration whilst transiently increasing oxidative-nitrosative stress specifically in the brainstem. Overall, our results outlined the behavioural, autonomic and biochemical abnormalities caused by an intermittent dosing regimen of CPF that elicits brain AChE inhibition and brain oxidative-nitrosative stress. This paradigm might be valuable in further exploring long-term consequences and mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity as well as comprehensive therapeutic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical practice on the duration of motor imagery","authors":"Siobhan M. McAteer,&nbsp;Baptiste M. Waltzing,&nbsp;Elise E. Van Caenegem,&nbsp;Gautier Hamoline,&nbsp;Andrea Denys,&nbsp;Marcos Moreno-Verdú,&nbsp;Robert M. Hardwick","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor Simulation Theory proposes that imagined actions are produced using the brain’s motor system, and should therefore always be temporally equivalent to physical movements. However, empirical results are not always consistent with this prediction. Studies indicate that the durations of unfamiliar imagined actions are over-estimated, whereas the durations of more familiar actions may be closer to (or even faster than) actual movement execution. We therefore examined the effects of different levels of practice on the durations of both physically performed and imagined actions. Participants (N=31) completed an initial assessment in which the durations of physically performed and imagined finger movement sequences were measured. Participants then completed three days of physical training in which different sequences received either extensive training (150 repetitions/session), minimal training (10 repetitions/session), or no training. In a subsequent assessment session, we found that the time taken to both physically execute and imagine performing sequences decreased with training. However, contrary to the predictions of Motor Simulation theory, imagined movement durations consistently over-estimated those of physically performed movements. While the difference in the timing of imagined and physically executed movements decreased between the initial and final assessment, this effect was not modulated by training. These results extend our understanding of the relationship between motor imagery and physical practice, and highlight a key limitation in the predictions of Motor Simulation Theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent theta burst stimulation to the left prefrontal cortex enhances extinction learning but not extinction recall","authors":"Lisa M. Cybinski ,&nbsp;Sophia Hüsch ,&nbsp;Georg C. Ziegler ,&nbsp;Andreas Mühlberger ,&nbsp;Martin J. Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-invasive brain stimulation targeting the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has shown potential in enhancing fear extinction. However, optimal stimulation parameters for clinical application remain unclear. Methods: This study investigated the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on fear extinction using a three-day paradigm. Fifty healthy participants underwent fear acquisition (day 1), extinction learning (day 2), and both a spontaneous recovery and reinstatement test (day 3). Active or sham iTBS was applied before extinction learning to the left posterior PFC (MNI: −56, 2, 40), previously shown to be functionally connected to the vmPFC. Fear responses were measured using skin conductance responses (SCR) during CS+ and CS- presentations, along with arousal, valence, and contingency awareness ratings. Results: A significant time x group interaction was found for iTBS administered before extinction learning, with the active group showing reduced SCR during extinction learning compared to sham. However, no TMS effects were observed during the spontaneous recovery or reinstatement tests. Conclusion: These findings suggest limited therapeutic potential for iTBS targeting the left posterior PFC in enhancing extinction memory consolidation. Further research is needed to determine optimal stimulation parameters for clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of motor imagery EEG with ensemble RNCA model","authors":"T. Thenmozhi ,&nbsp;R. Helen ,&nbsp;S. Mythili","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor Imagery (MI) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are used for regaining the motor functions of neurophysiologically affected persons. But the performance of MI tasks is degraded due to the presence of redundant EEG channels. Hence, a novel ensemble regulated neighborhood component analysis (ERNCA) method provides a perfect identification of neural region that stimulate motor movements. Domains of statistical, frequency, spatial and transform-based features narrowed down the misclassification rate. The gradient boosting method selects the relevant features thereby reduces the computational complexity. Finally, Bayesian optimized ensemble classifier finetuned the classification accuracies of 97.22 % and 91.62 % for Datasets IIIa and IVa respectively. This approach is further strengthened by analyzing real-time data with the accuracy of 93.75 %. This method qualifies out of four benchmark methods with significant percent of improvement in accuracy for these three datasets. As per the spatial distribution of refined EEG channels, majority of the brain's motor functions concentrates on frontal and central cortex regions of brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in gelotophobes: A neuroscientific perspective on the fear of laughter","authors":"Hao Chang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Chan ,&nbsp;I-Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Hsueh-Chih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at, is characterized by heightened sensitivity to ridicule and a tendency to perceive laughter in social situations as mocking. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquires brain functional connectivity while the individual remains at rest, without engaging in specific tasks. Recent studies have investigated task-based fMRI and white matter in gelotophobes; however, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in this group remains unclear. This study aimed to examine differences in rsFC between gelotophobes and non-gelotophobes, to provide insights into the neural networks underlying gelotophobia. Using a seed-based correlation approach, the present study analyzed rsFC in three key networks: the limbic system, default mode network (DMN), and executive control network (ECN). Compared to non-gelotophobes, gelotophobes exhibited significantly stronger amygdala-putamen connectivity within the limbic system, suggesting heightened sensitivity to social cues and altered processing of fear. Within the DMN, gelotophobes demonstrated stronger precuneus-temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and posterior cingulate cortex-TPJ functional connectivity, implying increased self-awareness and vigilance toward social evaluation. In the ECN, enhanced connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area in gelotophobes may reflect heightened attention to social cues. Notably, while individuals with gelotophobia exhibited greater amygdala-putamen functional connectivity, controls showed stronger amygdala-supplementary motor area connectivity. These distinct connectivity patterns across the limbic system, DMN, and ECN provide new insights into the neural basis of gelotophobia and its associated heightened sensitivity to social evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological change of striatum and ventral midbrain's glia cell in response to different exercise modalities","authors":"Min Gi Jo ,&nbsp;Junyoung Hong ,&nbsp;Jiyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Seon-Hee Kim ,&nbsp;Bina Lee ,&nbsp;Ha Nyeoung Choi ,&nbsp;So Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Young Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Heejung Park ,&nbsp;Dong-Ho Park ,&nbsp;Gu Seob Roh ,&nbsp;Chang Sun Kim ,&nbsp;Seung Pil Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exercise not only regulates neurotransmitters and synapse formation but also enhances the function of multiple brain regions, beyond cortical activation. Prolonged aerobic or resistance exercise modality has been widely applied to reveal the beneficial effects on the brain, but few studies have investigated the direct effects of different exercise modalities and variations in exercise intensity on the neuroinflammatory response in the brain and overall health. Therefore, in this study, we investigated changes in brain cells and the immune environment of the brain according to exercise modalities. This study was conducted to confirm whether different exercise modalities affect the location and function of dopaminergic neurons, which are responsible for regulating voluntary movement, before utilizing animal models of disease. The results showed that high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) increased the activity of A2-reactive astrocytes in the striatum (STR), which is directly involved in movement control, resulting in neuroprotective effects. Both HIE and combined exercises (CE) increased the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the STR without damaging dopamine neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). This means that exercise training can help improve and maintain exercise capacity. In conclusion, specific exercise modalities or intensity of exercise may contribute to preventing neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease or enhancing therapeutic effects when combined with medication for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 115342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}