Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Valence-dependent contribution by the basolateral amygdala to active but not inhibitory avoidance and reward-seeking","authors":"Gemma L. Dalton,&nbsp;Ian D. Daly,&nbsp;Stan B. Floresco","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is integral for promoting instrumental actions to avoid aversive events, and also contributes to certain aspects of reward-seeking. However, this sometimes requires discriminating between stimuli to ascertain whether it is more appropriate to initiate or suppress actions to obtain these goals. The present study examined BLA involvement in different avoidance strategies in male and female rats well-trained on different lever-press avoidance and reward-seeking tasks. Active/inhibitory avoidance required discrimination between tones presented pseudorandomly in a session that signaled shocks could be avoided by making or withholding a press on a lever inserted coincidentally with tone presentation. BLA inactivation (via infusion of GABA agonists) reduced active avoidance while slightly enhancing inhibitory avoidance in the same session. Similarly, on a dual-cued appetitive go/no-go task, BLA inactivation also impaired active, but not inhibitory reward-seeking. These treatments also disrupted performance in rats trained on a simpler, single-cue active avoidance task with no inhibitory component. However, rats trained on a single-cue reward task were impervious to the effects of BLA inactivation. Few sex differences were observed. These data reveal a fundamental contribution by the BLA in promoting actions to avoid punishments or secure rewards when an actor must discriminate between different stimuli to ascertain whether actions should be made or withheld, and may attenuate inhibitory avoidance when active strategies are sometimes required. Yet, under more rudimentary conditions where a single stimulus provokes actions, the valence of the pursued goal biases BLA involvement, as it remains critical for instrumental avoidance, but not reward-seeking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The threshold for intracranial self-stimulation does not increase in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jenny Paola Berrio Sanchez ,&nbsp;Jenny Wilzopolski ,&nbsp;Katharina Hohlbaum ,&nbsp;Otto Kalliokoski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chronic unpredictable stress model is a rodent model of stress-induced anhedonia. The sucrose preference test, often used to validate it, is unreliable. Intracranial self-stimulation offers an alternative and is often cited as supporting evidence of the model's validity. Our aim was to assess whether an increased self-stimulation threshold is found after stress and if such a change correlates with decreases in sweet consumption. We searched PubMed, Embase (ovid), and Web of Science for studies in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress that employed intracranial self-stimulation. Thresholds for stressed and control animals were pooled from 11 studies that collectively reported on 23 different experiments. Over 50 % of the data was contributed by one research group, so a three-level meta-analytical random effects model was fit to account for methodological differences between different networks of researchers. After this adjustment, we did not find that the self-stimulation thresholds were increased in stressed rats. Pioneering experiments with positive results failed to be replicated by others, although no specific factor could be pointed to as a likely explanation. What is more, the available evidence suggests a lack of connection between sweet preference and self-stimulation, although this relationship has been seldom investigated. No study reported correlation coefficients. Methods known to mitigate biases were frequently absent, as was a transparent report of crucial study details. Our findings challenge the claim made in support of the validity of the model. Further efforts would be well-invested in assessing how reliably other tests of anhedonia have found the effects of the chronic unpredictable stress model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital anosmia and subjective tactile function: A pilot study","authors":"Supreet Saluja ,&nbsp;Anna Laura Tóth ,&nbsp;Moa G. Peter ,&nbsp;Robin Fondberg ,&nbsp;Arnaud Tognetti ,&nbsp;Johan N. Lundström","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anosmia, the complete loss of olfactory perception, has been associated with sensory compensation in non-chemical senses such as vision and hearing, but its relationship with tactile perception remains unclear. This study investigates whether isolated congenital anosmia (ICA)—a rare condition in which individuals are born without a sense of smell but are otherwise healthy—is linked to heightened self-reported tactile sensitivity compared to healthy controls. Drawing on sensory compensation theory and anecdotal evidence from related studies, we hypothesized that individuals with ICA would report increased tactile sensitivity, particularly in response to discomfort. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed individuals with ICA (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 40), matched for sex and age, using standardized questionnaires and a specially developed questionnaire focused on discomfort related to materials, food textures, stickiness, and pressure. Contrary to our pre-registered hypothesis, the results revealed no significant differences in overall self-reported touch sensitivity between the groups. However, exploratory analysis indicated that individuals with ICA exhibit greater sensitivity to temperature sensations and to overall tactile discomfort, specifically in response to pressure and food textures, compared to controls. We propose that individuals with ICA may compensate for their olfactory loss through heightened sensitivity to certain tactile stimuli related to discomfort, as both touch and olfaction play overlapping roles in the detection of aversive stimuli. These exploratory findings underscore the need for further investigation into the sensory compensation mechanisms of olfaction on touch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post acquisition 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 administration impairs consolidation of a spatial discrimination in mice","authors":"Jasmine Alyssa Robinson ,&nbsp;Dionisio Antonio Amodeo","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The serotonergic system has been known to play an important role in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of memories. Specific serotonin (5-HT) receptor modulation can effectively impact the consolidation of these memories. Determining how specific 5-HT receptor modulation can impact consolidation of spatial memories has been examined, although the 5-HT6 receptor has not been a focus of such studies. The current study aims examine the impact of 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 administration on the consolidation of a probabilistic spatial discrimination. Female and male C57BL/6 J mice were trained on a probabilistic spatial discrimination then received acute systemic injections of either 0, 1 or 5 mg/kg EMD386088 immediately after reaching learning criterion for the spatial discrimination, targeting the consolidation window. During the retention test, both doses of 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg significantly impaired performance in both female and male C57BL/6 J mice. Although there were no significant differences between the two doses, mice treated with either dose of EMD386088 required significantly more trials to reach retention criterion compared to vehicle-treated mice. These learning impairments were independent of effects on locomotor measures due to the comparable trials per min across all treatment groups during both the acquisition and retention tests. The current findings demonstrate the potential sensitivity of treatment timing in the application of novel therapeutics aimed at stimulating 5-HT6 receptors and their impact on memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running to remember: The effects of exercise on perineuronal nets, microglia, and hippocampal angiogenesis in female and male mice","authors":"Madeleine G. Maheu ,&nbsp;Noah James ,&nbsp;Zach Clark ,&nbsp;Alex Yang ,&nbsp;Ridhi Patel ,&nbsp;Shawn M. Beaudette ,&nbsp;Rebecca E.K. MacPherson ,&nbsp;Paula Duarte-Guterman","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exercise is accepted as a positive health behaviour; however, the mechanisms of exercise on neuroprotection and cognitive health are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the neurobiological benefits of chronic treadmill exercise in female and male mice through its role in microglial content and morphology, cerebral vascularization, and perineuronal net (PNN) expression. We further examined how these neurobiological changes relate to spatial memory outcomes. Adult mice were assigned to a sedentary or treadmill exercise group for eight weeks. During the final week, all mice were trained on a spatial memory task (Barnes maze) and brains were collected for immunohistochemistry. Exercised mice made fewer errors than sedentary mice during the first two days of training and probe trial. Females, regardless of exercise training, made fewer errors during Barnes maze training and demonstrated a greater frequency of spatial strategy use compared to males. Exercised mice, regardless of sex, had fewer PNNs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus compared to sedentary controls. The number of PNNs in the dorsal dentate gyrus was positively correlated with total errors during training. During the probe, greater errors correlated with more PNNs among the exercised group only. Microglia count and cerebral vascularization were not affected by exercise, although proportions of microglia type (ameboid, stout/thick, and thick/thin) were regulated by exercise in the ventral dentate gyrus. We conclude that exercise decreases PNNs in the dentate gyrus in both sexes and this may be related to better spatial learning and memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alteration of glutamate involved in the brain of Parkinson's disease patients using glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST)","authors":"Miaomiao Liu ,&nbsp;Minglong Li ,&nbsp;Hailing Du ,&nbsp;Donghao Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Qingfa Ren ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;He Gong ,&nbsp;Yuwei Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Qi ,&nbsp;Jin Tao ,&nbsp;Shuyuan Xia ,&nbsp;Hongcai Wang ,&nbsp;Xianglin Li ,&nbsp;Quanyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased levels of glutamate, a novel regulator of neuroinflammation, is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) is widely used in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, it has been less commonly used in clinical practice for PD. Here, to explore the clinical significance of variations in glutamate levels in the striatum and thalamus in PD, we included forty-nine PD patients and forty-four healthy controls (HCs). Glutamate levels were analyzed by performing magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) using GluCEST data. Four regions of interest (ROIs) were manually outlined on GluCEST images, and MTRasym values were calculated for each. FreeSurfer was used to calculate the volumes. We found that MTRasym values in the striatum and thalamus were elevated in PD. Variations in MTRasym values were correlated with motor scores. It has been found that the volume of the left pallidal nucleus were reduced in PD. The glutamate levels in the striatum and thalamus were significantly different from those in HCs and associated with disease progression. Collectively, glutamate metabolic abnormalities may be present in PD pathophysiology and associated with disease progression. GluCEST imaging may have potential to become an imaging technology for measuring glutamate alterations in the striatum and thalamus in PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 115484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing multilingual speakers’ language processing through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)","authors":"Fizza Farrukh ,&nbsp;Hammad Nazeer ,&nbsp;Hamza Shabbir Minhas ,&nbsp;Noman Naseer ,&nbsp;Farzan Majeed Noori","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilinguals’ navigation through three or more language systems utilizing one cognitive system is a phenomenon of recent interest. Few functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have focused on brain activations concerning multilinguals. The present study uses picture-naming and fNIRS technique to explore the prefrontal brain activations amongst neurotypical multilinguals belonging to four major provinces of Pakistan. The 26 right-handed participants utilize their native language (Punjabi, Pushto, Sindhi or Balochi), first language (Urdu) and second language (English) distinctively in the experiment. Brain imaging results demonstrate a significant activation of the right prefrontal cortex among the multilingual adults along with left laterality. Moreover, results indicate significant activation of channels demonstrating heavier cognitive load with English in comparison to first or native language(s). The paper suggests that right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex play a significant role in language processing alongside the left prefrontal cortex, exemplifying that peripheral activation during word retrieval, processing and production is a possibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"484 ","pages":"Article 115485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cannabinoid CB2 receptor mediates the analgesic effects of Cannabis sativa extract in a rat model of neuropathic pain","authors":"Samad Nazemi ,&nbsp;Atena Adel-Rastkhiz ,&nbsp;Marzieh Kafami ,&nbsp;Bahareh Amin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex and debilitating condition that is often refractory to currently available analgesic medications. <em>Cannabis sativa</em> extract (CSE) has been reported to exhibit analgesic properties across various pain models; however, the underlying mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in mediating the analgesic effects of CSE in a rat model of NP, where NP was induced in male Wistar rats through chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) Sham + vehicle, (2) CCI + vehicle, (3) CCI + CSE, and (4) CCI + CSE + AM630 (a CB2 receptor antagonist). CSE was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 30 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, starting from day 7 to day 13 post-CCI surgery. To assess the involvement of the CB2 receptor, 7 µg of AM630 was administered intrathecally to the rats in group 4, 30 minutes before the CSE injections. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed using the von Frey filament and hot plate tests, respectively, at baseline (day 0) and on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after surgery. Additionally, at the end of the study period (day 14), the expression level of <em>Iba1</em> and <em>GFAP</em> genes was quantified in the lumbar enlargement tissues using real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that CCI surgery induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, along with the upregulation of <em>Iba1</em> and <em>GFAP</em> genes in the vehicle-treated CCI group. Treatment with CSE significantly mitigated both allodynia and hyperalgesia and downregulated the expression of <em>Iba1</em> and <em>GFAP</em> genes compared to the CCI + vehicle group. Furthermore, the administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 not only robustly blocked the antinociceptive effects of CSE but also reversed the significant downregulation of <em>Iba1</em> and <em>GFAP</em> gene expression in the lumbar enlargement tissues. These findings highlight the novel role of the CB2 receptor in mediating the analgesic effects of CSE, providing new insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of CSE in neuropathic pain management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 115482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimenters' sex modulates anxiety-like behavior, contextual fear, and microglial oxytocin transcription in mice","authors":"Mai Sakai ,&nbsp;Zhiqian Yu ,&nbsp;Rosanne Picotin ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kasahara ,&nbsp;Yoshie Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Chiaki Ono ,&nbsp;Mizuki Hino ,&nbsp;Yasuto Kunii ,&nbsp;Yuko Maejima ,&nbsp;Kenju Shimomura ,&nbsp;Miharu Nakanishi ,&nbsp;Takaaki Abe ,&nbsp;Hatsumi Yoshii ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Tomita","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide known for modulating anxiety and fear memory. We have reported that microglial cytokine regulates contextual fear memory and that microglial OXT positively correlates with cytokine secretion. However, the relationship between contextual fear memory and microglial OXT expression remains unclear. We evaluated whether experimental handling minimizes anxiety-like behaviors through microglial OXT expression and its effects on contextual fear response in a sex-dependent manner. Male and female mice were cup-handled for seven days by male or female experimenters (four groups: male mice with or without handling and female mice with or without handling). Post-handling anxiety-like behavior was assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM) and light-dark box (LDB) tests. Microglial <em>Oxt</em> transcription was evaluated using real-time PCR following handling and footshock. Our results showed that handling by female experimenters induced anxiolytic behaviors in the EPM and LDB and microglial <em>Oxt</em> transcripts in male mice but did not show a direct causal relationship. After handling by male experimenters, male mice exhibited stronger conditional freezing responses than female mice. In contrast, female mice exhibited significantly weaker freezing, independent of <em>Oxt</em> transcription in the microglia and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. These findings suggest that handling influences anxiety and microglial <em>Oxt</em> expression, while conditional freezing reflects a sex-dependent effect by experimenter sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 115480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent social isolation increases social behavior in Wistar rats: Role of post-weaning isolation housing on Social Familiarity-induced Anxiolysis (SoFiA) and social memory in adulthood","authors":"Andrew R. Burke ,&nbsp;Cristian Bernabe ,&nbsp;Amy Dietrich ,&nbsp;Rebecca Daugherty ,&nbsp;Jodi L. Lukkes ,&nbsp;William A. Truitt","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social connectedness is a critical part of adolescent development. Social support provides a robust facilitator for managing anxiety disorders that afflict nearly 1⁄3 of the U.S. adult population at some point in life. Consequently, it is important to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impact of social affiliation, or lack thereof, on treating or causing maladaptive anxiety states. In the current experiment, we manipulated the housing conditions in Wistar rats beginning on postnatal day (P) 21, rearing them in pairs (RP), in isolation (RI), or purchased adults rats reared at the facility (RF). We tested adult rats in the open field test, the social interaction habituation test (SI-Hab), which is a social safety learning animal model, and in the social recognition test (SRT), which is an animal model of sociability and social memory. Rats RI showed generalized increases in SI time compared to rats RP. However, there was no effect of rearing on acquisition of social safety during SI-Hab. During the SRT, rats RI exhibited a preference for a novel rat indicating robust social memory, whereas rats RP did not. Rats RF exhibited higher thigmotaxis relative to RP and RI and lower movement compared to RP in the novel open field. Numerous social and non-social behaviors were correlated with each other, and some depended on rearing condition. Based on correlation differences between RI and RP rats, RI history may be more conducive to the anxiolytic aspects of the SI-Hab protocol, which may improve the ability to deal with a perceived threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"483 ","pages":"Article 115481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}