{"title":"Phytohormone delivered through GRAS nano-platform promoting plant root growth: A promising strategy towards sustainable agricultural practices","authors":"Edwin Davidson , Jacqueline Tejada , Giulio Diracca , Preeti Maiti , Swadeshmukul Santra","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global food security will impose a major challenge in the years to come. The use of nanoscale delivery platforms in the agricultural sector holds the promise to provide a more sustainable alternative compared to conventional delivery of agrochemicals. Therefore, there is an imperative need to develop robust and cost-effective nanoscale delivery platforms. This work reports a nanodelivery system using tannic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (TA-PVP), GRAS ingredients, as a crop management tool to deliver plant growth regulators (PGR) for sustainable agriculture. Particularly, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a member of the auxin class of phytohormone due to the high hydrophobicity and degradability that limited its commercialization. The IAA nanoparticles (IAA NP) showed enhanced chemical stability in solution and sustained release, described by the Ritger and Korsmeyer–Peppas models. The non-phytotoxicity properties were studied with tomato seedlings up to 2500 ppm of IAA and the in vitro non-cytotoxicity was demonstrated with macrophages (J774A.1) and dermal fibroblasts (HDF) at the concentration below 39 ppm of IAA. Root growth and plant health assessments indicated enhanced root length and no detrimental impact on photosynthesis at 1 ppm IAA. Furthermore, the phosphomonoesterase activity was enhanced boosting the phosphorus metabolism. This study supports nano-enabled PGR delivery for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological advancements for the management of chromium: An unavoidable pollutant for plants","authors":"Anuj Choudhary , Harmanjot Kaur , Saurabh Awasthi , Monika Koul , Sahil Mehta , Azamal Husen","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring metal and an emerging heavy metal pollutant. With a surge in agricultural activities and industrial revolution, Cr accumulation is rising incrementally in the environment posing serious threats to all living entities. The toxicity and mobility of Cr (VI) is more compared to Cr (III) in living systems. Cr toxicity in soil and its further uptake in the plants affects the plants at pre-reproductive and post-reproductive stages and is manifested through changes in photosynthesis, seed formation, and seed germination primarily. High Cr levels in soil disturb the soil ecosystem further affecting water and nutrient uptake, which consequently affects many other physiological processes. The present paper is a comprehensive account of Cr toxicity in plants and highlights the most prevalent Cr remediation strategies based on physical, chemical, and biological methods. The use of novel methods using membrane systems like ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, etc. is increasingly being used in Cr remediation. The efficacy and efficiency of methods have been further evaluated. Contemporary research on Cr toxicity, the role of Cr in both plants and soil, and its ecological and environmental consequences on the environment have also been elucidated. However, with the advent of modern tools and techniques, Cr remediation methods have been modified. Research in the field of nanotechnology and information technology and further advancements in mitigating Cr remediation will be witnessed in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial biofertilizers and biopesticides from vermicompost tea and rhizosphere of organic soilless melon crop: In vitro assessment","authors":"P.A. Mejía-Guerra , M.C. Salas-Sanjuán , M.R. Martínez-Gallardo , M.M. Jurado , M.J. Estrella-González , J.A. López-González , F. Suárez-Estrella , M.J. López","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms offer an environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. This study focuses on the identification and selection of microorganisms from vermicompost tea and the rhizosphere of an organic soilless melon crop, with potential for use as biopesticides and biofertilizers in agriculture. The biofertilizing capabilities of these microorganisms, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production, were evaluated. As part of the biopesticide assessment, their <em>in vitro</em> antagonistic effects against eight bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were tested. Additionally, a predictive study on the production of secondary metabolites of agronomic interest was conducted for the selected strains. The bacteria <em>Acinetobacter beijerinckii</em> B9, <em>Kocuria palustris</em> B23, <em>Pantoea agglomerans</em> B32, <em>Rahnella aquatilis</em> B21, <em>Streptomyces griseorubiginosus</em> B29 and <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> B15, as well as the fungi <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> H4, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> H6 and <em>Aspergillus terreus</em> H2 showed excellent biopesticidal and biofertilizer activities. Among these, the selected fungi and the filamentous bacterium <em>S. griseorubiginosus</em> B29 were particularly notable for producing many secondary metabolites associated with antimicrobial activity and the induction of plant defense mechanisms. These microorganisms represent promising novel biobased solutions to replace environmentally harmful agrochemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katiane Cruz Magalhaes Xavier , Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos , Rômulo Carlos Dantas da Cruz , Lidiane Quérolin Macena da Silva , Alex Michel Silva Araújo , PatryckÉrmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Larissa Araújo Rolim , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva , Ivone Antônia de Souza , Severino Alves Júnior
{"title":"Phytochemical, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects of crude extracts of the alga Alsidium triquetrum (SGGmelin) Trevisan on Aedes aegypti","authors":"Katiane Cruz Magalhaes Xavier , Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos , Rômulo Carlos Dantas da Cruz , Lidiane Quérolin Macena da Silva , Alex Michel Silva Araújo , PatryckÉrmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Larissa Araújo Rolim , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva , Ivone Antônia de Souza , Severino Alves Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aedes aegypti,</em> the yellow fever mosquito, is the main vector of several arboviruses. It represents a public health problem and can develop resistance to chemical insecticides over time, requiring new formulations of ecologically friendly larvicides for its control. Seaweed is an abundant source of phytochemicals with diverse chemical compositions and is a prospective natural alternative to commercial insecticides. In this study, we aimed to investigate the larvicidal efficacy of the seaweed <em>Alsidium triquetrum</em> against <em>Ae. aegypti</em> by evaluating the toxic, morphological, and enzymatic effects of the ethanolic (AE) and hydroalcoholic (AH) extracts of the seaweed. The chemical composition of the extracts was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the toxic effects were investigated by assessing the larvicidal activity, morphology of the larvae, and <em>in vitro</em> toxicity, along with enzymatic tests. The AH and AE extracts comprised primary and secondary metabolites, including amino and fatty acids and other compounds. The insecticidal bioassays showed larvicidal potential against <em>Ae. aegypti</em> at all concentrations tested, reaching 100% mortality in 24 h for both extracts. Morphological analysis of the larvae showed damage to the abdomen, changes in colour, disruption of the midgut, and loss of gill leaflets. The extracts stimulated similar activity for the enzymes amylase, trypsin, and acetylcholine esterase at concentrations above 0.5 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. The cytotoxicity of the algal extracts <em>in vitro</em> indicated non-toxicity at the concentrations tested. Therefore, both seaweed extracts are potential sources of new formulations for use as natural insecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suzimara Reis Silva , Jaqueline Alves Roberto , Tomaz Aprigio Silva , Esly Ferreira da Costa Jr. , Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa
{"title":"Temporal exergy analysis in fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis: Assessing irreversibilities and sustainability in lignocellulosic biomass conversion","authors":"Suzimara Reis Silva , Jaqueline Alves Roberto , Tomaz Aprigio Silva , Esly Ferreira da Costa Jr. , Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although not yet widely industrialized, biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass show promise in enhancing industrial sustainability, with potential for a reduced carbon footprint and alignment with renewable energy goals. In this context, enzymatic hydrolysis assumes a fundamental position, being essential to make these biofuels viable. This study investigates the performance and thermodynamic sustainability of enzymatic hydrolysis in a fed-batch bioreactor, employing exergy analysis. The total exergy potential available to the system was 1239.93 kJ, with 30% of this exergy being destroyed at the end of the operation. The system achieved an overall exergy efficiency of 70.04%, while the rational efficiency reached 37.33% at the end of the process. Furthermore, the process sustainability indicator (PSI) reached a value of 1.67 and the system achieved a value for thermodynamic sustainability of 3.34. This study provides insights into the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis processes, focusing on the reduction of irreversibilities, the improvement of exergy efficiency, and the enhancement of sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feyisayo O. Adepoju , Tarek M. Itani , Elena G. Kovaleva
{"title":"Filamentous fungi as a biotechnological tool for the biotransformation of betulin","authors":"Feyisayo O. Adepoju , Tarek M. Itani , Elena G. Kovaleva","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Betulin, an inexpensive substrate extracted primarily from birch bark, exhibits wound-healing properties; yet its high hydrophobicity limits its bioavailability. Given that biotransformation can produce metabolites with modified chemical and biological properties, we sought to develop an efficient biocatalyst for the biotransformation of betulin. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated the ability of six fungi to biotransform betulin. The isolates were identified as <em>Penicillium citreonigrum, Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>Fusarium redolens</em>, <em>Blastobotrys</em> sp., <em>Aspergillus niger</em>, and <em>Penicillium pimiteouiense</em> and were cultured in biotransformation medium supplemented with betulin (10 mg/mL) for 4–7 days. Under the biotransformation conditions, <em>Aspergillus niger</em> exhibited the highest metabolic activity, producing biomass up to 1.29 g/L, acidifying the medium by increasing redox potential (404 mV), and lowering pH (3.29), while <em>Blastobotrys</em> sp. and <em>Penicillium pimiteouiense</em> had the lowest metabolic activity. All six isolates converted betulin to betulonic acid with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> exhibiting the highest bioconversion (0.74 g/L), followed by <em>Fusarium redolens</em> (0.72 g/L). Furthermore, at the adopted concentration, betulin biotransformation exerts no toxicity on fungal biomass. Therefore, the obtained results imply that the application of fungal cells as biological systems for betulin biotransformation can produce betulonic acid and for the first time, fungal-mediated biotransformation of betulin to betulonic acid was demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fariha Javaid , Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi , Muhammad Tahir Khan , Muhammad Sarwar , Zahoor Qadir Samra
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Comparative study on the production and immobilization of stem bromelain using polyacrylamide gel matrix and arginine coupled magnetic nanoparticles for enhanced operational stability” [Biocatalys. Agricult. Biotech. 62 (2024) 103451]","authors":"Fariha Javaid , Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi , Muhammad Tahir Khan , Muhammad Sarwar , Zahoor Qadir Samra","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Yuhasliza Abd Rashid , Musaalbakri Abdul Manan , Khairul Faizal Pa'ee , Nazamid Saari , Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong
{"title":"Production and fractionation of protein hydrolysate produced from fish sausage (Keropok Lekor) by-products by Lactobacillus casei fermentation: Optimisation and impact of peptide molecular weight on antioxidant and functional properties","authors":"Nur Yuhasliza Abd Rashid , Musaalbakri Abdul Manan , Khairul Faizal Pa'ee , Nazamid Saari , Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive analysis of the functional properties of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is necessary before its incorporation into food products. This work aimed to optimise the fermentation process for the Malaysian fish sausage FBPs with <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> in terms of protein yield and antioxidant activities using response surface methodology (RSM). The second aim was to fractionate the FPH using ultrafiltration (UF) through 3, 5, and 10 kDa and to characterise the fractions in relation to peptide yield, antioxidant activities, and functional properties. The RSM optimisation elevated protein yield, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were effectively raised by 16.3%, 50.5%, and 21.7%, respectively. The DPPH (EC<sub>50</sub>: 4.4 mg/mL) and ABTS (EC<sub>50</sub>: 0.2 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities and protein solubility (79.9%) of the 10 kDa fraction were significantly higher than other fractions. However, lower MW fractions exhibited the highest emulsion activity index (5 kDa: 16.3 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and foaming expansion (3 kDa: 25.0%), which were 1.3 and 12.5 times higher than the FBPs, respectively. Surface hydrophobicity increased significantly in the FPH and UF fractions relative to FBPs by 23.9–26.3%, with no discernible difference between FPH and UF fractions. This study's findings can serve as a theoretical foundation and data in support of FBPs' optimisation of the fermentation process to produce bioactive FPH with high protein yield. The bioprocessing aspect outlined in the study significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity and functionality of the FPH. Therefore, boosting its potential for application as a healthy food ingredient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Mohammad Bagheri , Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh , Abbas Pardakhty , Ibrahim M. Banat , Mandana Ohadi , Bagher Amirheidari
{"title":"Potential biomedical applications of biosurfactants derived from extremophilic bacteria: A review","authors":"Amir Mohammad Bagheri , Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh , Abbas Pardakhty , Ibrahim M. Banat , Mandana Ohadi , Bagher Amirheidari","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surfactants are surface-active compounds mainly synthesized from petroleum. While widely used in various industrial applications, concerns about their economic and environmental impacts have led to the search for more sustainable alternatives, such as biosurfactants (BSs). BSs are diverse amphipathic molecules with unique chemical structures, synthesized by various microorganisms as secondary metabolites crucial for their survival. Extremophiles are a diverse group of microorganisms that thrive in extreme conditions and possess remarkable physicochemical properties and adaptability, making them excellent candidates for mining novel surface-active compounds and other molecules. Recent descriptions highlight how BSs from extremophilic bacteria possess properties that make them suitable for food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. This review focuses on the biomedical applications of BSs from extremophilic bacteria, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antiviral, anti-proliferative, wound healing, cosmeceutical, drug delivery, and green nanostructure synthesis properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarcisio M.S. Aragão , Camila de S. Varize , Tárcio S. Santos , Sona Jain , Marcelo da C. Mendonça
{"title":"Exploring Aschersonia placenta: Characterization and submerged cultivation in an air-lift bioreactor","authors":"Tarcisio M.S. Aragão , Camila de S. Varize , Tárcio S. Santos , Sona Jain , Marcelo da C. Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Aschersonia</em> is readily found in natural epizootics against <em>Aleurocanthus woglumi</em>, an important pest in citrus crops commonly known as the citrus blackfly. It was one of the first microbiological pathogens studied in agricultural pest control. Host invasion begins with the attachment of fungal spores to the insect's cuticle, which is composed mainly of proteins and the polysaccharide chitin. However, <em>Aschersonia</em> is a fungus that is difficult to cultivate on a large scale, limiting its use in biological pest control programs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the production of <em>Aschersonia</em> in different solid and liquid culture media, investigate its potential for chitinase production, and finally evaluate the use of an air-lift bioreactor for the development of this fungus. We identified a fungus collected from a natural epizootic of <em>A. woglumi</em> and conducted a biochemical and molecular study focusing on the microbiological potential to produce chitinases. In addition, we investigated seven different additives (casein, yeast extract, pasteurized milk, chitin, <em>Manihot esculenta</em> starch and insect tegument) to accelerate and increase the growth of the isolated strain in synthetic culture media. We also investigated alternative production techniques, such as submerged cultivation in an orbital shaker and the air-lift bioreactor. Based on DNA sequencing and morphological analysis, the isolated fungus was identified as <em>Aschersonia placenta</em>. The solid culture with bromocresol purple dye showed higher enzymatic activity when cultured in media supplemented with chitin. Analysis of enzymatic activity in submerged cultivation confirmed that the addition of chitin increased chitinase production by more than fivefold compared to chitin-free broth cultivation. SDS-PAGE analysis allowed the identification of two regions at 37 and 115 kDa as possible chitinases. Submerged cultivation of <em>A. placenta</em> in an air-lift bioreactor resulted in production of 501.67 g L<sup>−1</sup> of wet biomass at 5 days (25 °C, 1.5 vvm aeration rate) using 20 g L<sup>−1</sup> dextrose, 4 g L<sup>−1</sup> potato broth, and 10 g L<sup>−1</sup> <em>Manihot esculenta</em> starch. These results support the suitability of submerged cultivation, especially in air-lift bioreactors, with the addition of <em>Manihot esculenta</em> starch in Potato Dextrose medium for the alternative production of <em>A. placenta</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 103463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}