Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidative and antihypertensive potential of papain-mediated bull's eye (Priacanthus hamrur) fish skin hydrolysate: Process optimization, structural characterization and cytotoxicity assessment","authors":"Ravi Baraiya,&nbsp;Renuka Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Radhika Rajasree Santha Ravindranath,&nbsp;Joshy Chalil George,&nbsp;Harisankar Kunnamkulathil Chandrababu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable bioactive compounds has encouraged the valorization of fish-processing by-products into functional ingredients. This study optimized the production of hydrolysate from bull's eye (<em>Priacanthus hamrur</em>) skin and evaluated its antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Using response surface methodology, optimal conditions were established at enzyme concentration 3%, hydrolysis time 57.06 min, temperature 45°C, and pH 7.50, yielding a hydrolysate with high antioxidant capacity. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic amide I–III bands, confirming peptide bond formation, while XRD patterns indicated an amorphous structure. The fish skin hydrolysate (FSH) showed strong radical-scavenging, reducing, metal-chelating, and lipid-peroxidation-inhibiting activities, which increased proportionally with protein concentration. The hydrolysate also exhibited ACE-inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 1.60 mg/mL, indicating potential antihypertensive activity. Moreover, the hydrolysate maintained &gt;90% fibroblast cell viability, indicating non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. This study demonstrates the novel use of bull's eye skin as a sustainable marine source of multifunctional peptides, supporting the circular bioeconomy and offering promising applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviation of salinity induced toxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) through ascorbic acid application","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Maqsood,&nbsp;Tahira Fatima,&nbsp;Rehana Kanwal,&nbsp;Fozia Farhat,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Jamil,&nbsp;Saba Shafqat,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif,&nbsp;Muhammad Hamza Maqsood,&nbsp;Maryam Tariq,&nbsp;Usman Zulfiqar,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quinoa (<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd.) is a nutritious pseudocereal crop, cultivated worldwide. Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor limiting crop productivity. Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays a crucial role in mitigating salt stress in plants. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of AsA (0, 5 and 10 mM) on growth of two quinoa genotypes (Quinoa wild and A57) under salt stress (0 and 300 mM NaCl). The experiment was executed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. A significant reduction was recorded in different parameters such as root and shoot length (60.5%, 58.6%), plant fresh and dry weights (57.2%, 66.6%, 52.6%, 63.8%), total chlorophyll (48.5%), Ca²⁺ (60.8%, 58.8%), and K⁺ ions (57.6%, 51.6%) of quinoa under salt stress. However total soluble sugars (85.4%), proteins (109.4%), flavonoids (54.7%), catalase (89.1%), superoxide dismutase (79.1%), phenolics (95.3%), and proline (46.4%) were considerably enhanced in A57 (G2). Salinity also increased the MDA (30.4%) and H₂O₂ (22.8%), along with root and shoot Na⁺ (47.1%, 83.3%) respectively in G2. Foliar spray of AsA significantly increased root and shoot length (42%, 38.3%), shoot fresh (41.4%) and dry weight (94.6%), total chlorophyll (35.4%), shoot Ca²⁺ (40.4%), and K⁺ (36.3%) in quinoa plants under stress. Foliar application of AsA significantly enhanced plant growth and its antioxidant defense mechanisms, while reduced the oxidative damage caused by stress. These findings highlight the potential of AsA to improve stress tolerance in quinoa. Future studies should explore multi-stress conditions, field-scale evaluations, and molecular pathways underlying this tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148637571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic responses of wheat genotypes to nano-fertilizers: Implications for agronomic management and yield","authors":"Asmaa M. Badr,&nbsp;A.M.A. Metwally,&nbsp;A.S.M. Younis,&nbsp;Osama M. Darwesh","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A field experiment was conducted in Egypt to evaluate the impact of foliar-applied nano-fertilizers (boron, zinc, and potassium) on the physiological attributes and yield of 10 newly developed wheat lines (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) and four local commercial cultivars. Using a split-plot design, the study examined genotype × treatment interactions and utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to identify trade-offs in yield and plant architecture. Results indicated that nano-fertilizers significantly enhanced production; specifically, potassium at 12 g/L achieved the highest grain yield of 7.57 t/ha, representing a 76% increase over the control. Boron at 4.5 mg/L was particularly effective for responsive genotypes, increasing grain yield per plant in line L10 by 92%, while zinc at 30 mg/L improved chlorophyll content by 24%. PCA explained 58.7% of the total variation, identifying a correlation between high-yielding genotypes and compact plant height. Genotype-specific responses were prominent, with lines L26 and L31 demonstrating superior reliability and yield potential under potassium treatment. This study highlights the novelty of nano-fertilizer programs as a sustainable tool to overcome nutrient deficiencies. These findings provide a practical framework for agronomists and farmers to select high-performing, treatment-specific cultivars for immediate field deployment, optimizing wheat productivity under challenging environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined bioprocess and artificial intelligence framework for comparative evolutionary genomics of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa","authors":"Ravi Gedela,&nbsp;Venkata Rao Vantaku,&nbsp;Veeranki Venkata Dasu,&nbsp;Kannan Pakshirajan","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oleaginous red yeasts have attracted considerable interest as sustainable microbial platforms for the simultaneous production of lipids and high-value carotenoids. In addition, understanding the evolutionary conservation of key biosynthetic enzymes can provide valuable insights for strain improvement and metabolic engineering. In the present study, <em>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</em>, isolated from petroleum refinery wastewater, was evaluated for lipid and carotenoid production under batch and fed-batch cultivation in a 5-L bioreactor. Furthermore, the evolutionary conservation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and phytoene synthase (PSY), two key enzymes involved in lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis, was investigated through comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses.</div><div>Fed-batch cultivation with glucose supplementation significantly enhanced biomass accumulation and metabolite production compared with batch operation. The maximum biomass concentration reached 4.37 ± 0.35 g L⁻¹, with lipids accounting for 57.22 ± 0.74% (w/w) of the dry biomass. Total carotenoid production attained 48.45 ± 2.44 mg L⁻¹ during the stationary phase, including 21.40 ± 1.55 mg L⁻¹ of β-carotene. Intracellular lipid and carotenoid accumulation was confirmed using Nile Red fluorescence microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy.</div><div>Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of conservation of ACC and PSY across <em>Rhodotorula</em> species. ACC exhibited strong conservation of functionally important catalytic regions, particularly the biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase domains containing the conserved GGHGT motif. Similarly, PSY retained the characteristic aspartate-rich DXXXD catalytic motifs essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, although moderate sequence variation was observed in terminal non-catalytic regions. Machine learning-assisted frameworks, including BetaAlign and Phyloformer, were further explored as emerging tools for enhancing sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and evolutionary interpretation of lipid- and carotenoid-biosynthetic enzymes.</div><div>These results demonstrate the potential of <em>R. mucilaginosa</em> as an efficient microbial cell factory for the co-production of lipids and carotenoids. The observed conservation of key catalytic domains, together with sequence diversification in non-catalytic regions, provides new insights into the evolution of lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis in <em>Rhodotorula</em> and establishes a foundation for future metabolic engineering and industrial biotechnology applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative extraction of hydroxytyrosol and bioactive polyphenols from olive mill wastewater and their evaluation for biological activities","authors":"M. Neffa,&nbsp;N. Ouazzani,&nbsp;K. Aboukhalıd,&nbsp;Mudasir A. Dar,&nbsp;H. Hanine,&nbsp;M. Taourirte","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) is one of the emerging natural reserves rich in polyphenols. In this paper, we propose a comparative study of two extraction methods: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and solid-phase extraction process (SPE). The phenolic profile extracted from OMW was identified by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Rp-HPLC). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of all extracts were investigated. The SPE was more effective than LLE. Rp-HPLC analyses showed that phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, secoiridoids, and phenolic acids are present predominantly in all extracts. The results showed that hydroxytyrosol was the main compound recovered in OMW and represented 78 %, 71.9 %, and 54.8 % of the total phenolic concentration in ethanol extracts from FPX₆₆, XAD_7HP, and XAD₇₆₁ respectively, and 69 % in ethyl acetate extract. The antioxidant activity of extracts is correlated with polyphenols composition and therefore exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant levels against the test used. Lastly, active extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Enterococcus hirae</em>) and Gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>) bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 5.5 μg/mL for the most active fractions. The above all inferences highlight OMW as a promising alternative and “green” source of natural phenolic compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutics and food preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148637115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gamma irradiation on the chemical composition, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities of lemon thyme (Thymus citriodorus)","authors":"Jaber Maataoui,&nbsp;Houssam Annaz,&nbsp;Mbarek Ouabou,&nbsp;Amena Mrabet,&nbsp;Bahia Abdelfattah,&nbsp;Noureddin Bouayad,&nbsp;Kacem Rharrabe,&nbsp;Noureddine Chouaibi,&nbsp;Mohamed Khaddor","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of gamma irradiation on the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and insecticidal activity of lemon thyme (<em>Thymus citriodorus</em>). The aerial parts of the plant were subjected to gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 5, 15, and 25 kGy. GC-MS analysis revealed a consistent chemical profile across all doses, with geraniol remaining the dominant compound and only minor fluctuations in geranial, neral, and nerolidol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The only marked and consistently significant change was a modest improvement in ABTS radical-scavenging (IC₅₀ decreasing from 20.1 to 16.7 mg/L, ≈17%, at 25 kGy), accompanied by a smaller increase in FRAP reducing power (≈6%) and a negligible change in DPPH; irradiation therefore had, at most, a modest effect on antioxidant capacity that was largely confined to the ABTS assay. A filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay was carried out against adults of <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>. Mortality was significantly influenced by irradiation dose, EO concentration, and exposure time. At the highest concentration (0.250 μL/cm²) after 72 h, mortality did not differ significantly among the non-irradiated control and the 5 and 15 kGy treatments (58–72%), whereas the 25 kGy-treated EO caused approximately three-fold lower mortality (24%), corresponding to an approximately two-fold higher LC₅₀. At 72 h, LC₅₀ values ranged from 0.187 to 0.414 μL/cm² and LC₉₀ values ranged from 0.312 to 0.727 μL/cm²; only the 25 kGy EO differed significantly from the other treatments. Because these biological differences were not accompanied by major GC-MS compositional changes, the largely unchanged relative composition is best regarded as evidence of the chemical robustness of the oil rather than as a contradiction of its dose-dependent bioactivity, and the loss of activity at 25 kGy is interpreted as modulation that may involve minor constituents, irradiation-induced molecular rearrangements, or synergistic and antagonistic interactions among constituents. It should be stressed, however, that the GC-MS profile was based on relative area percentages obtained from a single analysis per oil, which cannot resolve such subtle changes; confirming the molecular basis of the observed bioactivity would require more sensitive complementary techniques (NMR, HPLC, quantitative GC-FID, and peroxide-value determination). Within these limitations, gamma irradiation up to 15 kGy preserved the major chemical profile and the insecticidal activity of lemon thyme essential oil while modestly improving its antioxidant capacity (mainly ABTS radical-scavenging), whereas 25 kGy markedly reduced insecticidal activity, identifying a dose ceiling of practical relevance for the microbial decontamination of this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148637120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of drying techniques on the functional properties and fishy odor characteristics of gelatin derived from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin","authors":"Panumas Somjid,&nbsp;Soottawat Benjakul,&nbsp;Hideki Kishimura,&nbsp;Sappasith Klomklao","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the functional properties and fishy odor characteristics of gelatin extracted from the skin of Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) using four drying processes: freeze drying, vacuum drying, hot-air drying, and spray drying. Gelatin samples produced by freeze drying (FDG), vacuum drying (VDG), and spray drying (SDG) exhibited high solubility (&gt;95%), with no statistically significant differences among the three techniques (p &gt; 0.05), and considerably greater solubility compared to hot-air-dried gelatin (HDG) (p &lt; 0.05). SDG demonstrated the maximum foaming capacity (p &lt; 0.05), followed by VDG and FDG, which were statistically indistinguishable (p &gt; 0.05), whilst HDG showed the lowest value. No significant variation in foam stability was observed across all samples (p &gt; 0.05). For emulsifying capabilities, SDG recorded the greatest emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index, although the differences compared to FDG and VDG were not statistically significant. In contrast, HDG displayed the lowest values for both indices (p &lt; 0.05). SDG also presented the lowest fishy odor score, corresponding to reduced and often undetectable levels of major volatile compounds, such as aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones (p &lt; 0.05). This reduction in odor in SDG aligned with lower peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, while HDG exhibited the highest PV and TBARS levels (p &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that spray drying is an effective method for producing high-quality salmon skin gelatin with improved functional properties and reduced fishy odor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-engineered composite carrier drives microbial metabolic reprogramming and nitrogen retention in MBBR systems","authors":"Baoping Zhang,&nbsp;Weiping Li,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Wenhuan Yang,&nbsp;Long Bai,&nbsp;Shuangyi Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the mechanism by which surface-engineered composite carriers enhance microbial activity and nitrogen conversion in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. A PQAS-10–MoS₂ modified carrier (C20) was compared with a commercial polyethylene carrier (CK0) to examine the effects of surface modification on biofilm structure, microbial community composition, and metabolic performance. Comprehensive analyses including SEM, XPS, FTIR, and zeta potential measurements revealed that the C20 carrier possessed higher hydrophilicity, reduced negative surface charge, and increased roughness, which together promoted microbial attachment and stable biofilm formation.</div><div>Biochemical characterization showed that C20 biofilms contained a higher proportion of tightly bound protein-rich extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), resulting in improved structural integrity and mass transfer performance. During reactor operation, the C20 system exhibited superior pollutant removal, achieving CODCr, NH₄⁺-N, and TN removal efficiencies of 82.66%, 85.38%, and 38.81%, respectively, outperforming CK0 under fluctuating load and low dissolved oxygen conditions.</div><div>Metagenomic and functional analyses revealed that the C20 carrier reshaped the microbial community, enriching <em>Thauera</em>, <em>Paracoccus</em>, and <em>Amaricoccus</em> while reducing dominance of single genera in CK0. Functional gene profiling demonstrated upregulation of energy and nitrogen metabolism genes including <em>K00249</em> (malate dehydrogenase), <em>K01673</em> (succinate dehydrogenase), and <em>K00459</em> (nirB/nirD). Enzyme activity mapping confirmed a coordinated enhancement in nitrogen assimilation, carbon oxidation, and electron transport, with key enzymes such as formate dehydrogenase (1.7.5.1), glutamine synthetase (6.3.1.2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (1.13.12.16) showing significant increases in abundance.</div><div>Overall, the PQAS-10–MoS₂ modification effectively reconstructed the metabolic network of the biofilm system, forming a synergistic mechanism characterized by “enhanced assimilation, optimized energy coupling, and stabilized electron flow.” This study provides a mechanistic basis and engineering strategy for designing next-generation high-efficiency, low-carbon biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass-balance-based reassessment of apparent lignin enrichment during Pleurotus eryngii solid-state fermentation of agricultural and forestry residues","authors":"Burak Salmanoglu,&nbsp;Funda Atila,&nbsp;Ahmet Kazankaya,&nbsp;Melike Kubra Karabacak","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state fermentation (SSF) by edible white-rot fungi offers a fungal biocatalytic route for converting lignocellulosic agricultural residues into mushroom biomass and structurally modified spent substrates. However, substrate conversion is often misinterpreted when lignocellulosic fractions are evaluated only as relative percentages, because dry-matter loss can produce an apparent post-fermentation increase in lignin despite a decline in its absolute mass. This study applied a mass-balance-informed framework to quantify substrate-specific lignocellulosic conversion during <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em>-mediated SSF of four agro-forest residues differing in structural composition. Dry-matter loss was integrated with detergent-fiber fractionation, absolute component-loss calculations, cultivation performance, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy. The mass-based assessment revealed selective degradation of cell-wall polymers. Hemicellulose was the most susceptible fraction, with losses of 45.5–69.5%, whereas cellulose removal was more substrate dependent, ranging from 46.6 to 64.3%. Lignin loss was lower, at 20.6–33.7%, confirming its comparatively recalcitrant behavior under the tested SSF conditions. Lentil straw showed the most favorable bioprocess response, combining rapid colonization, high yield and biological efficiency, and extensive structural carbohydrate depletion. In contrast, poplar sawdust showed a constrained conversion pattern associated with high lignin contribution and a very high estimated C:N ratio. ATR–FTIR fingerprints supported the mass-balance trends, showing attenuation of polysaccharide-related bands while aromatic lignin-associated signals were relatively retained. Thus, the observed increase in lignin percentage reflected carbohydrate depletion and matrix contraction rather than net lignin accumulation. This framework provides a more reliable basis for evaluating fungal biocatalytic conversion and selecting residues for SSF-based bioprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune enhances tomato resistance to TYLCV by modulating photosynthetic performance and antioxidant defense","authors":"Haiwen Dong,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Hetong Yang,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Vinokurov,&nbsp;Meimei Wu,&nbsp;Shuhao Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional polysaccharides have gained increasing attention as promising biocontrol agents for the sustainable control of crop viral diseases. <em>Schizophyllum commune</em> is an edible and medicinal fungus rich in bioactive polysaccharides; however, its potential in plant antiviral defense remains unexplored. In this study, a polysaccharide (SCPS) was isolated and purified from <em>Schizophyllum commune</em>, and its antiviral potential against TYLCV was investigated. Analysis revealed that SCPS is a slightly acidic polysaccharide composed primarily of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a typical β-type pyranose configuration. Pot experiments showed that foliar application of SCPS at 50 mg/L significantly enhanced tomato resistance against TYLCV, achieving prophylactic and curative efficacies of 38.30% and 44.13%, respectively, which were superior to those of the commercial agent Lentinan. Mechanistic studies revealed that SCPS exerted a dual modes of action: (i) it could directly bind to TYLCV particles, reducing the free virus content; (ii) it enhanced defense-related physiological responses by maintaining PSII stability, improving electron transport efficiency, and strengthening antioxidant defense capacity, as indicated by increased SOD and POD activities by 62.7% and 45.3%, respectively. In summary, SCPS, as a fungal polysaccharide-based bioprotectant, possesses both antiviral activity and the capacity to enhance defense-related physiological defense responses, thereby offering a potential strategy for the development of environmentally friendly agents for sustainable crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}