Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of anti-diabetic effects of ethanolic extract of Bougainvillea glabra","authors":"Chananda Saadprai ,&nbsp;Chartchai Chaichana ,&nbsp;Napachanok Swainson ,&nbsp;Watip Tangjittipokin ,&nbsp;Suttida Chukiatsiri","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bougainvillea glabra</em> is a widely decorative plant. Previous research has shown that this plant contains bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids. In this study, bracts and flowers of <em>B. glabra</em> were extracted using ethanol. Folin-Ciocalteu's and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays were used to assess the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Glucose uptake of HepG2 hepatocytes and L6 myoblasts was studied. The level of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were assessed. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of <em>B. glabra</em> exhibited higher inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity than voglibose, a positive control. It also showed the higher of glucose uptake in HepG2 and L6. Moreover, ethanolic extract of <em>B. glabra</em> showed a better reduction of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 when compared to positive control. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that the ethanolic extract of <em>B. glabra</em> had a high content of secondary metabolite with anti-diabetic potential. This study showed that the ethanolic extract of <em>B. glabra</em> had anti-diabetic effects, and it could develop for anti-diabetic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 103617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite changes of mung bean milk analogue following germination and/or fermentation with probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri","authors":"Ricco Tindjau ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Ler ,&nbsp;Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Shao-Quan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As interest in plant-based milk analogues increases, as will the demand for nutritionally and sensorially improved milk analogues. With mung bean milk analogue having a similar mineral and amino acid composition to that of bovine milk, its nutrient and flavour makeup could potentially be further enhanced. This study explored the modulation of mung bean milk analogue substrates and metabolites through germination (GM), fermentation (FM) with a probiotic strain of <em>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</em>, and the combination (GFM). Physicochemical parameters and constituents including raffinose, organic acids, amino acids, vitexin and volatiles were assessed. Raffinose was reduced to undetectable levels following either GM and/or FM. GFM had a 4-fold increase in lactic acid compared to FM, while GM led to significant increases in the amino acid content. Interestingly, the lysine content was modulated by both GM and FM, where either GM or FM elevated lysine to comparable levels, but GFM tripled the lysine content. The volatile profile was also greatly altered, where GM increased green odour volatiles, but FM and GFM counteracted it, reducing green aldehydes to trace levels. Different modifications to the constituents in mung bean milk analogue were found between the treatments. However, GFM yielded the most desirable compositional modification relative to both GM and FM, with elevated lysine content and reduction in green aldehydes, and should be further studied to accelerate plant-based milk analogue development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 103618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confined enzymatic esterification of volatile fatty acids in aqueous solutions","authors":"Can Liu,&nbsp;Jian Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fermentative volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are sustainable precursors for various chemicals, fuels, and bioproducts. However, recovering VFAs from dilute aqueous fermentation broth is energy intensive and costly. This study demonstrates in situ esterification as a promising recovery method using a nanoconfined biocatalyst assembled by embedding immobilized lipase in lignin nanoparticle functionalized alginate beads. We evaluated two lipases and varying sodium alginate viscosities, observing that low-viscosity alginate exhibited better immobilization properties, retaining over 75 % of the entrapped enzymes during extended soaking experiments. <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> lipase (AoL) showed superior immobilization efficiency, with over 97 % retention under the acidic condition. However, the entrapped <em>Candida rugosa</em> lipase demonstrated 20-fold higher catalytic activity than the entrapped AoL. The nanoconfined biocatalyst displayed enhanced esterification selectivity compared to free enzymes, especially in the reaction between ethanol and propionic/isobutyric acid. However, its overall catalytic activity was one to two orders of magnitude lower than that of free enzyme, likely due to mass transfer limitations. At 25 °C, the catalytic performance and esterification selectivity of these biocatalysts were comparable to Novozym® 435, but differed from Amberlyst® 15, which was only active at 70 °C and demonstrated selectivity for smaller VFAs, specifically acetic acid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel development of sustainable nanofertilizers from olive pomace waste","authors":"Selma Hamimed,&nbsp;Fayza Bousdira,&nbsp;Malak Harkas","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for cost-effective and sustainable advanced nanoparticles, particularly for agricultural applications, highlights the critical need for innovative solutions that support the agricultural growing area. This investigation introduces a novel eco-friendly fabrication technique for calcium oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (CaO and MgO NPs) harnessing bioactive molecules in olive pomace waste as a reducing agent. After characterization, the CaO and MgO NPs clearly revealed their well-defined crystalline nature, with CaO exhibiting a cubic morphology and MgO a spherical morphology, with average diameters of 53 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The differential dose-dependent responses of CaO and MgO NPs on various soil microbiota demonstrated varying inhibitory and stimulatory species-specific growth effects. Moreover, the remarkable capacity of CaO and MgO NPs to significantly enhance seed germination and seedling growth across diverse crops, including <em>Trigonella foenum-graecum</em>, <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>, and <em>Triticum aestivum</em>, was found to be concentration-dependent. Furthermore, results on seeds exposed to dual stress demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited notable biological activity in alleviating inhibitory effects at specific concentrations, suggesting their potential as a tool for stress management and the development of sustainable nanofertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective biocontrol on Nezara viridula (L.) using a biopesticide produced from Beauveria bassiana","authors":"María Julia Boggione ,&nbsp;Arnau Sala ,&nbsp;Gisela Tubio ,&nbsp;Raquel Barrena ,&nbsp;Teresa Gea ,&nbsp;Adriana Artola","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work aims to assess the pathogenicity of conidia produced by <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> on <em>Nezara viridula</em> (L.) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using beer draff as a substrate. The SSF product was evaluated with the purpose of developing a microbiological product to be used in soybean fields or other legume crops. SSF was conducted at a laboratory scale using both packed-bed and tray bioreactors, and the experiments were monitored for 12 days. The maximum conidial concentration was achieved at nine days of SSF, reaching 5.18 × 10⁹ conidia g⁻¹dm. The highest enzymatic activities were observed after seven days, with approximately 4500 U g⁻¹ dry matter (dm) for protease and 500 U g⁻¹ dry matter (dm) for chitinase.</div><div>Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to study the effect of most of the analyzed parameters on SSF. Conidial concentration, chitinase and protease activities were determined in the SSF samples.</div><div>The pathogenicity of <em>B. bassiana</em> was evaluated by spraying a liquid conidial formulation on <em>N. viridula</em> adults for a 14-day bioassay. Maximum death percentages of 67.5 % and 96.2 % were reached at 7 and 14 days, respectively. The results indicate that producing and applying biological control products derived from <em>B. bassiana</em> via SSF using beer draff as a substrate are a viable alternative to chemical pesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfersome-based delivery of Muntingia calabura fruit extract for anti-aging applications","authors":"Syamsu Nur ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fadly Noor Alwani ,&nbsp;Fitriyanti Jumaetri Sami ,&nbsp;Amriani Sapra ,&nbsp;Andi Nur Aisyah ,&nbsp;Maulita Indrisari ,&nbsp;Nursamsiar ,&nbsp;Nurul Arfiyanti Yusuf ,&nbsp;Aristianti","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Muntingia calabura</em> fruit (MCF) demonstrates anti-aging properties for use in cosmetics. To improve the effectiveness of MCF, a delivery system such as transfersomes is necessary to effectively traverse the membrane and reach the target. This study aims to develop cosmetics suitable for skin application as anti-aging candidates. MCF extract was modified as transfersomes and physically characterized, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and nanomorphological shape by SEM. The optimal transfersomes were formulated into cream preparations and evaluated for physical characteristics, release studies, in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy, and dermatokinetic studies. The results showed that 17 transfersome formulas (F1-F17) were successfully designed and had an average particle size (290.17 ± 66.13 nm), PDI (0.50 ± 0.18), zeta potential (−40.83 ± 8.98), and entrapment efficiency (96.48 ± 0.25 %). It was found that F1 and F4 met the criteria of spherical transfersome morphology and were ideal to be continued into cream preparations. The results of physical evaluation showed good characteristics (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH value, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion time). The highest cumulative amount and diffusion rate were shown in F4 cream (1968.5 ± 62.77 and 8.202 ± 0.78 μg/cm2.min). In-vitro studies (DPPH radical, tyrosinase, elastase) showed inhibition in the range of &gt;40–70 % (at 120 min), and in-vivo studies (F4) inhibited the decrease in collagen thickness and increased TGF-β1 expression. F4 also showed the best dermatokinetic profile (Cmax of 195.9 ± 2.734 μg/mL) on application for 2 h (Tmax). This study has scientifically proven that the MCF-transfersome cream has optimal penetration, physical characteristics, scalability, and flexibility in design, and it is a potentially effective topical anti-aging agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coumarin-6-sulfonyl derivative: a novel antimicrobial candidate and agriculture control of strawberry black root-rot and cotton leafworm","authors":"Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz ,&nbsp;Ibrahim E. Elshahawy ,&nbsp;Nasr M. Abdelmaksoud ,&nbsp;Ahmed B. Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Eslam R. El-Sawy","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new methyl 2-[(coumarin-6-yl)sulfonyl] hydrazine-1-carbodithioate (<strong>II</strong>) was building and tested for its antimicrobial, biofilm formation inhibition, and agriculture fighting of strawberry black root-rot and cotton leafworm. Antimicrobial activity results indicated that <strong>II</strong> showed considerable antibacterial activity having MIC values of 78.43 ± 1.928 and 158.67 ± 2.137 μg/mL toward <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>, while it was superior in inhibiting <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>A. niger</em> with MIC values of 20.27 ± 2.359 and 9.71 ± 0.702 μg/mL than the reference nystatin. Anti-biofilm formation result showed that, <strong>II</strong> demonstrated anti-biofilm efficacy against <em>S. aureus</em> with MIC: 55.91 ± 1.642 μg/mL (1.5-fold) and <em>C. albicans</em> with MIC: 78.705 ± 2.048 μg/mL (4-fold) higher than the reference. The Cytotoxic activity against the normal cell line (Wi38) indicated that <strong>II</strong> was safe, as it showed an IC<strong>₅₀</strong> ≥100 μg/mL. Regarding the efficacy towards strawberry black root-rot pathogens, compound <strong>II</strong> showed complete growth inhibition of <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Pythium</em> sp., at 80.0 and 40.0 μg/mL, respectively (Laboratory exp.). In the field trial, <strong>II</strong> diminished black root rot incidence besides severity by 70.5 and 72.2 %, respectively. For the cotton leafworm, <em>S. littoralis</em>, compound <strong>II</strong> showed a significant effect (LC₅₀: 395.68 μg/mL and LC₉₀: 561.87 μg/mL). The mechanism of antimicrobial activity was suggested to be by action on multiple targets while the insecticidal activity against <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae was proposed to be by AChE inhibition applying the molecular modeling computation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of snake fruit (Salacca edulis R) seeds for coffee subtitutes: Impact of drying and roasting on bioactive compounds and sensory profile","authors":"Dinda Putri Balqys Suri ,&nbsp;Andriati Ningrum ,&nbsp;Muhammad Prasetya Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Zatil Afrah Athaillah ,&nbsp;Manikharda","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snake fruit (<em>Salacca edulis</em> R.) seeds, often discarded as waste, exhibit potential as an alternative to coffee beans. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics, volatile compounds, and sensory properties of snake fruit seed coffee using, several drying and roasting methods. The seeds were dried using sun drying, microwave drying, and cabinet drying to achieve a constant weight, Followed by medium (240 °C, 14 min) or dark roasting (245 °C, 15 min). This process effectively reduced the moisture content to an optimal level and influenced the colour parameters, lightness (L∗), redness (a∗), and yellowness (b∗). The brewed snake fruit seed coffee displayed pH values comparable to those of conventional coffee, ranging from 4 to 5. Snake fruit seed coffee that was microwave-dried and medium roasted (MD-M) demonstrated the highest levels of antioxidant activity (75.28 %) and total phenolic content (101.30 mg GAE/g) compared to other treatments. Caffeine levels ranged from 0.72 to 1.15 g/100 g, lower than those of the conventional coffee beans. Volatile compounds identified included furans, aldehydes, and pyrazines, contributing to coffee-like aromas and flavors. Sensory analysis revealed strong notes of fruit, smoke, caramel, sweetness, wood, and nut, with sour and bitter as dominant taste attributes. This study demonstrates the potential of snake fruit seeds as a sustainable coffee substitute, offering unique sensory and bioactive characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid for enhanced lead phytoremediation in wheat and maize plants","authors":"Kiran Natasha ,&nbsp;Izhar Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nafees","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal contamination, particularly lead (Pb), threatens food safety and ecosystems. Phytoremediation using chelating agents like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) can enhance metal uptake in plants. This study compared EDTA and CA in improving Pb phytoremediation efficiency in the non-edible parts of wheat and maize under Pb stress (500 and 800 ppm) with 500 ppm chelators. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and Pb accumulation in various parts of the plants were analyzed. Lead stress reduced shoot length by 26 % in wheat and 35 % in maize at 800 ppm, while CA restored shoot lengths to 85 % (wheat) and 88 % (maize), outperforming EDTA. CA increased fresh weight by 33 % and 28 % in wheat and maize, respectively, at 800 ppm. Photosynthetic pigments in CA-treated plants were 25–30 % higher than EDTA-treated plants under high Pb stress. CA enhanced accumulation, with maize roots accumulating 370 mg kg⁻¹ (Pb500 + CA) vs. 353 mg kg⁻¹ (Pb500 + EDTA). CA increased Pb in maize and wheat roots by 23 % and 18 % respectively as compared to EDTA. PCA revealed that 56.4 % of variance was expressed by three components, with PC1 (29.9 %) strongly correlating growth parameters with Pb uptake. Negative correlations (r = −0.78 to −0.82, p ≤ 0.05) between Pb accumulation in grains and growth metrics highlighted the role of CA in reducing edible part contamination. These findings demonstrate the superior efficacy of CA over EDTA in mitigating Pb toxicity, enhancing phytoremediation, and improving crop resilience, advocating its use for sustainable remediation of Pb-contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 103612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camel urine-priming induced defense mechanisms in barley against Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Layla Yousif Abdullah Al Hijab","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium graminearum</em> poses a major threat to barley production worldwide. While seed priming is a promising strategy to enhance plant defense, the use of unconventional priming agents remains underexplored. This study investigates the protective effects of pre-infection camel urine seed priming on barley seedlings challenged with <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, focusing on growth, disease resistance, oxidative stress, and defense-related responses. Barley grains were primed with camel urine and grown in both <em>Fusarium</em>-infested and uninfested soils. <em>Fusarium</em> infection initially triggered a sharp increase in oxidative stress markers reflecting an early oxidative burst commonly associated with defense signaling. However, in hydro-primed seedlings, this response persisted, leading to sustained oxidative damage and growth suppression. In contrast, camel urine priming modulated the oxidative burst effectively, initially permitting H₂O₂ accumulation for defense activation, followed by a rapid decline, resulting in an 84.53 % reduction in disease severity and maintenance of seedling growth under infection. This was accompanied by enhanced antioxidant defenses, as indicated by significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, and a 145 % increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to control. Camel urine priming also showed a reduction in shikimic acid levels under infection, suggesting increased metabolic flux toward the phenylpropanoid pathway. Thus, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids were significantly elevated. Antifungal enzymes, β-glucanase and chitinase, also remained high in camel urine-primed seedlings, in contrast to their sharp decline in hydro-primed controls. These findings highlight camel urine priming as a promising, sustainable approach for managing <em>Fusarium</em> in barley.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}