Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Growth and functional evaluation of Enterobacter cloacae under salinity stress","authors":"Mahendra Kumar,&nbsp;Vishal Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is a serious threat world is facing and is a major concern for land degradation and it affects both plant and microbial life. Salinity hampers bacterial growth and lowers soil bacterial activity by inducing osmotic stress and ion toxicity. The salt tolerant bacteria present in soil possessing several plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes like phosphate solubilization and production of growth hormones are crucial for fertility of soil and boosting plant growth. Such salt tolerant bacterial species reduce the osmotic stress by synthesizing compatible osmolytes to maintain their metabolism and cellular integrity. Understanding the effects of salinity on such bacterial species is important as their survival under salt stress gives double benefits one the bacterial diversity is maintained, and secondly the growth and development of plants is also improved under salinity stress. With this aim in the present study <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> BHUAS1 was tested for its phosphate solubilization potential and its mechanisms under salinity stress along with other PGP traits such as indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia production and zinc solubilization under <em>in vitro</em> condition. <em>E. cloacae</em> BHUAS1 exhibited significant PGP traits and was able to generate soluble phosphate (26.49 mg/L to 32.68 mg/L), IAA (23.35–105.78 mg/L), siderophore (43.782–65.414 % SU), organic acids (3.39–110.30 mg/L), ammonia (0.21–0.44 μM/ml) and proline (16–38.96 mg/L) under various treatments. In addition to this, <em>E</em>. <em>cloacae</em> BHUAS1 also exhibited production of HCN and zinc solubilization. The results obtained put forward the possible application of <em>E</em>. <em>cloacae</em> BHUAS1 in saline soils for improving plant growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhamnolipids as an antifungal agent against Rhizoctonia solani USM-PD2 causing sheath blight disease of paddy","authors":"Izah Adlina Mohamad Shukri ,&nbsp;Ahmad Ramli Mohd Yahya ,&nbsp;Masratul Hawa Mohd ,&nbsp;Nur Asshifa Md Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research evaluates the antifungal activity of rhamnolipids, a biosurfactant produced by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> USM-AR2, against <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> USM-PD2 causing sheath blight disease of paddy. Rhamnolipids are safer and sustainable than chemical fungicides. The antifungal evaluation of rhamnolipids against <em>R. solani</em> USM-PD2 showed inhibition of mycelial growth with malformation on PDA plates. The highest percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) and percentage inhibition of sclerotia number (PISC) of <em>R. solani</em> USM-PD2 were obtained at rhamnolipids concentration of 10 000 mg L⁻¹ (60.00 ± 2.35%) and 800 mg L⁻¹ (100%), respectively. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that exposure to rhamnolipids resulted in abnormal mycelial formation with shrunken cellular morphology. In vivo evaluation of rhamnolipids on rice varieties MR212, MR297 and MR315 demonstrated significant reduction in sheath blight symptoms for both pre-infection and post-infection strategies. Pre-infection spray strategy with rhamnolipids on rice varieties MR212, MR297, and MR315 exhibited minimum disease severities of 46.52 ± 8.37% at 3000 mg L⁻¹, 25.00 ± 6.64% at 5000 mg L⁻¹, and 24.30 ± 8.36% at 5000 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, the minimum post-infection disease severities with rhamnolipids treatment were achieved at 3000 mg L⁻¹, showing 30.56 ± 5.94% for MR212, 38.19 ± 9.12% for MR297, and 15.28 ± 4.92% for MR315. Among the three varieties, MR315 was the most affected for protection by rhamnolipids. This study documents the novel discovery of rhamnolipids effectively reducing the number of sclerotia of <em>R. solani</em> USM-PD2 and sheath blight symptoms in paddy, offering a potential strategy for environmental-friendly disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Production from Alkali-tolerant Alkalihalobacillus sp. using Response Surface Methodology for Cr (VI) Biosorption","authors":"Ankita Naykodi ,&nbsp;Kruthi Doriya ,&nbsp;Bhaskar N. Thorat","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are highly versatile, finding applications across various fields due to their extensive functional properties. Notably, EPS is often produced by bacterial cells as a defense mechanism under stressed conditions like, high alkalinity and salinity. In the current research, <em>Alkalihalobacillus</em> sp. multi-stress tolerant bacteria isolated from Bauxite residue was investigated for EPS production, under alkaline conditions. Further, to enhance EPS yield, surface response methodology (Box-Behnken model) was employed. The optimized nutrient conditions for maximum EPS yield were 1.8 g/L of glucose, 9.54 g/L of nitrogen, 0.85 g/L of MgSO₄ and an incubation time of 5 days at 37 °C. These optimized conditions resulted in increase in EPS production, achieving a yield of 1.78 g/L. Characterization of the EPS, including FTIR and NMR, suggest association of different functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, sulphate and phosphate. XRD study revealed the semicrystalline nature of EPS and Fe-SEM highlighted its porous structure. Zeta potential analysis highlighted the EPS's anionic characteristics. Furthermore, the study explored the EPS's capability for chromium adsorption, demonstrating a capacity of 63–68 mg/g. The adsorption efficiency was highest within a pH range of 3–6, with the Langmuir model providing the best fit for the adsorption isotherm. In conclusion, EPS production from <em>Alkalihalobacillus</em> sp., showed significant increase of 3.6-fold with optimized conditions and exhibits potential as a biosorbent for chromium removal from industrial wastewater, warranting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Citrus reticulata onto g-C3N4/TiO2 for antibacterial and photocatalytic activities","authors":"Keziban Atacan ,&nbsp;Nuray Güy ,&nbsp;Alican Bahadir Semerci","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preparation of nanoparticles from fruit and plant extracts has been extensively investigated recently due to its environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and minimal use of toxic chemicals for synthesis. This work presents a green method to prepare ternary Ag/g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ nanocomposite via <em>Citrus reticulata</em> extract as a reducing agent. The Ag/g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ composite showed remarkably improved photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B compared with TiO₂, g-C₃N₄, and g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ photocatalysts, calculating the degradation rate of Rhodamine B as 91.3% for 120 min under visible illumination. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the prepared samples were examined against six different bacteria, and as a result, it was determined that the Ag/g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ nanocomposite showed strong activity on <em>Escherichia coli</em> (gram negative) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (gram positive). It is anticipated that the ternary nanocomposite (Ag/g-C₃N₄/TiO₂) developed in this study will be used in many areas due to its antibacterial and photocatalytic properties and will contribute to the easy photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and the elimination of pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transesterification of castor oil and ethanol using green catalyst for biodiesel production through Box-Behnken design","authors":"Amit Kumar Rajak ,&nbsp;Madiga Harikrishna ,&nbsp;Devi Lal Mahato ,&nbsp;Urupasala Anandamma ,&nbsp;Ramyakrishna Pothu ,&nbsp;Rajender Boddula ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Srivastava ,&nbsp;Mallampalli S.L. Karuna ,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar Sarangi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, there's a noticeable decline in environmental pollution, largely attributed to the widespread adoption of biodiesel a sustainable alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study explores an innovative approach where castor oil and ethanol undergo trans-esterification using waste potato peels infused with calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst. The process begins with calcining the potato peels at 600 °C for 4 h, followed by combining the residual peels with CaO and subjecting them to further calcination at 900 °C for 3 h. SEM-EDX analysis confirms the successful impregnation of CaO onto the potato peels, resulting in CaO-treated potato peels (CaO-CPP) with a smoother surface area compared to untreated CaO. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry is employed to analyze the fatty acid esters within biodiesel. Establishing biodiesel as a viable alternative fuel involves evaluating various parameters, including specific gravity, moisture content, kinematic viscosity, saponification value, iodine value, flash point, and heat content. The characteristics of biodiesel suggest that, with appropriate adjustments, biodiesel derived from castor seed oil holds promise as an alternative fuel source. Response Surface Methodology is utilized to optimize the operational parameters of the production process. Through a Box-Behnken Design, the impact of catalyst type, concentration, and the ratio of oil to ethanol on biodiesel yield is examined. Statistical analysis reveals the model's high significance, with an R^{<strong>2</strong>} value of 0.9930. Optimal conditions are achieved within 60 min, resulting in a 94.17% biodiesel yield at a 1:9 oil to ethanol molar ratio, with a 3.5% catalyst concentration by weight, and a temperature of 65 °C. Impregnated CaO utilizing CPP (CaO-CPP) emerges as a promising catalyst for heterogeneous bases, thanks to its robust catalytic activity, which significantly facilitates the transesterification process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches waste into prebiotic xylooligosaccharides using a genetic modified cross-linked endoxylanase aggregates immobilization","authors":"Nashriq Jailani,&nbsp;Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar,&nbsp;Nur Izyan Wan Azelee,&nbsp;Roshanida A. Rahman,&nbsp;Rosli Md Illias,&nbsp;Mohd Khairul Hakimi Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent progress has been achieved towards more environmentally friendly and productive approaches using xylanolytic enzyme in producing prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from inexpensive lignocellulosic biowaste. The cost of hydrolyzing XOS from appropriate materials high in xylan and the lack of xylanase enzyme activity after several treatment cycles are among the most pressing problems faced by the industries. In this study, XOS was produced utilizing a cross-linked mutated endoxylanase aggregates (CLmXynA) immobilization from an oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) waste. OPEFB was pretreated using sodium hydroxide-peracetic acid two-stage process which successfully removed 61.1% of lignin and 78.4% of extractives. From 28.4% of hemicellulose recovered, the highest hydrolysis activity (19.3%) was optimized using one-factor at one time approach where a total of 11.01 mg/g of XOS was produced. X3 (70.5%) was shown to be a major product meanwhile, this study presented longer XOS oligomers (X4 = 5.1% and X5 = 6.1%) hydrolyzed compared to a common major of X2 and X3 from a previous report. Moreover, CLmXynA maintained 29% of its initial XOS hydrolysis after five cycles, each of 48 h of reaction and depicted 1.6-fold higher activation energy (33.1 kJ mol⁻¹ K⁻¹) than its apparent kinetic model when the heterogenous kinetic hydrolysis were assessed using a modified Prout-Tompkin equation. As a conclusion, immobilized CLmXynA shown to be an efficient and stable biocatalyst while OPEFB which is a markedly large agriculture biowaste produced especially in Southeast Asia demonstrated a promise alternative of low-cost natural substrate for XOS production as a valuable prebiotic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recuperating agricultural wastes into feed additives","authors":"Sukhendu Dey ,&nbsp;Megha Santra ,&nbsp;Apurba Ratan Ghosh ,&nbsp;Palas Samanta","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every year, millions of tonnes of agricultural waste (AWs) are produced globally. Agricultural wastes are of poorer quality than the primary products, yet they have similar characteristics. To reduce environmental stress, managing these agricultural wastes is expensive and calls for stringent regulations. As a result, turning these agricultural wastes into useful goods minimizes negative effects on the environment, supports the agricultural sector, and enriches industry participants. Recent decades have witnessed an enormous amount of study on the synthesis of cutting-edge biologically active compounds and an array of bioproducts from agricultural waste owing to the prospective importance of crop residue in the agri-food-pharma domains through diverse valorisation approaches. Accordingly, the present study demonstrated agricultural waste generated diverse value-added feed bioproducts as a feed supplement to enhance animal fitness and boosting output, as well as current state of various agri-waste valorisation techniques. The study also covers the application areas of these feed additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of cultivated Nigella sativa L. germplasm based on EST-SSR markers and agro-morphological traits","authors":"Vahid Fozi ,&nbsp;Hassan Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Samad Nejad Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili ,&nbsp;Frank Marthe ,&nbsp;Maryam Pezhmanmehr","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nigella sativa</em> L. (Black cumin) has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine since ancient times. Researching genetic resources to identify the best germplasm for enhancing pharmaceutical properties is an important step in maximizing the potential of this beneficial plant. In this study, EST-SSR markers were designed and investigated alongside thymoquinone content and some important agro-morphological traits e.g., seed yield. After <em>de novo</em> transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina platform, data mining was performed to identify unigenes containing microsatellites using MISA software. Among 50 designed EST-SSR primers, 19 pairs reproduced polymorphic bands which were employed to estimate the genetic diversity of 32 accessions of black cumin provided from across the world. A total of 117 bands (75%) were polymorphic among 156 amplified bands. The PIC values varied from 0.47 (NS-587 and NS-183) to 0.69 (NS-242). The assessment of phytochemical variability and yield traits revealed a thymoquinone content of 0.1–1.38 %, a thousand-seed weight of 1.7–3.78 g, and a seed yield per plant of 0.28–1.74 g. Classification of accessions based on morphological traits resulted in three distinct clusters, while genetic analysis yielded four clusters. Notably, the high concordance between the morphological and genetic dendrograms indicated that the genetic loci targeted by EST-SSRs in this study can effectively represent key morphological traits. This study yielded valuable insights into the genetic diversity status of <em>Nigella sativa</em>, while also introduced some accessions for further breeding endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling multifaceted bioactivity assessment of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica leaves extract as a potential natural tyrosinase inhibitors","authors":"Faiza Nazir ,&nbsp;Zaveeba Jabeen ,&nbsp;Farheen Aslam ,&nbsp;Osama A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmad ,&nbsp;Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Arif Nazir ,&nbsp;Munawar Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme involved in melanin production, playing a protective role against harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, excessive melanin synthesis can lead to dermatological issues, including skin irritation, redness, and hyperpigmentation. These conditions can be mitigated by employing tyrosinase inhibitors. Studies have demonstrated that aqueous extracts of <em>Psidium guajava</em> (guava) leaves and <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (neem) leaves exhibit significant tyrosinase-inhibitory activity. Specifically, <em>Psidium guajava</em> extracts have inhibition rates ranging from 68.58% to 79.51%, while <em>Azadirachta indica</em> extracts display 52.34%–56.48% inhibition rates. The antioxidant capacity of these extracts is closely linked to their total phenolic content. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicates that <em>Psidium guajava</em> extracts are abundant in polyphenols, including tannins and flavonoids, which contribute to their superior tyrosinase inhibition compared to <em>Azadirachta indica</em>. Moreover, GC-MS and HPLC analyses have confirmed the presence of biologically active compounds such as quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, hydroquinone, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, catechin, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid, supporting the extracts’ anti-tyrosinase properties. Interestingly, the concentration of quercetin—a compound known for its antibacterial properties—is higher in <em>Azadirachta indica</em> leaves (45.42 ppm) than in <em>Psidium guajava</em> leaves (41.18 ppm). This higher quercetin content may explain why <em>Azadirachta indica</em> extracts demonstrate greater antibacterial activity despite their lower tyrosinase inhibition potential compared to <em>Psidium guajava</em> extracts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteases from marine endophyte, Bacillus subtilis ULB16: Unlocking the industrial potential of a marine-derived enzyme source","authors":"Swathy Sadanandan Anand,&nbsp;Bipin Gopalakrishnan Nair,&nbsp;Sudarslal SadasivanNair,&nbsp;Jayashree GopalakrishnaPai","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A potential protease producer, exhibiting 98% genetic similarity to <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> LXB3, was isolated from a marine macroalga, <em>Ulva lactuca</em>, and is extensively studied for its potential to produce proteases. This research delved into the exoenzyme profile of the isolate, with a particular emphasis on its significantly higher protease activity when compared to a reference strain, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> 168. Ammonium sulfate precipitation of the spent culture media revealed that the 60–80% fraction (active protease fraction) exhibited the highest protease content and activity. Mass spectrometric characterization identified multiple alkaline proteases within this sample. The protease fraction displayed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 10, with notable enhancements in the presence of divalent cations such as Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. Significant kinetic parameters of the active fraction with casein substrate suggest its potential to be explored for its different industrial applications. The specific inhibition of protease activity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride indicated a predominance of serine proteases in the active protease fraction. Beyond protease activity, the consortium of proteins also revealed significant biosurfactant properties. This dual functionality underscores the isolate's potential for biofilm inhibition and effective removal of persistent stains, such as blood, in textile applications and also its eligibility to be used in oil spill bioremediation. The current study highlights the newly identified marine endophytic bacterium, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> ULB16, as a potent and versatile source of industrial enzymes, demonstrating notable protease activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}