Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"“Chitosan-enhanced zirconium-based metal-organic framework: Enabling cellulase immobilization for improved cellulose breakdown”","authors":"Shashi Suhag,&nbsp;Vinita Hooda","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, cellulase derived from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> was effectively immobilized on an innovative epoxy-linked chitosan-zirconium metal-organic framework (CS@ZMOF-66) matrix. Detailed characterization was achieved using field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The immobilized cellulase showed a high conjugation yield of 0.68 ± 0.01 mg/cm², maintaining 85.00 ± 0.04 % of its specific enzymatic activity and demonstrating improved catalytic efficiency. The immobilized enzyme exhibited peak activity at pH 5.0, a temperature of 65 °C and a saturating substrate concentration of 0.8 × 10⁻² mg/ml. The reduction in activation energy, enthalpy change and Gibbs free energy change, along with an increase in entropy change upon immobilization, suggested that the enzyme efficiency, stability and spontaneity in catalyzing the reaction were augmented by immobilization. The epoxy-linked CS@ZMOF-66/cellulase assembly was successfully applied for the hydrolysis of rice husk, achieving a remarkable conversion efficiency of 95 %. The method demonstrated a linear range from 0.1 to 0.9 % (0.1 × 10⁻² to 0.9 × 10⁻² mg/ml) and showed a strong correlation (R² = 0.998) with the widely used 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The epoxy/CS@ZMOF-66 bound cellulase exhibited remarkable thermal stability, retaining 50 % of its activity at 80 °C, in contrast to just 33 % for the free enzyme and displayed a half-life of 24 days after storage at 4 °C compared to 9 days for the free enzyme. Furthermore, it retained over 90 % activity after 12 h at pH levels of 4.5 and 5.0 and showcased excellent reusability, maintaining activity over 25 cycles. Overall, this method offers high conversion efficiency and selectivity under benign conditions, with no undesirable by-products, making it a cost-effective solution for the routine hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of biosurfactant production from Pseudomonas mendocina and its antibacterial application","authors":"Deepti Gulati,&nbsp;Mazhar Ahmad,&nbsp;Manpreet Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study highlights the production and characterization of biosurfactants from <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> 7094 using low-cost substrates, an approach aimed at reducing costs and promoting sustainability. Under selected conditions, the biosurfactant yield reached 4.85 ± 0.16 g/L, outperforming yields reported for other <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. The biosurfactant exhibited exceptional stability across extreme pH (2-12), temperature (20–120 °C), and salinity (0–12 %) ranges, highlighting its potential for industrial applications. It effectively reduced surface tension to 28.42 ± 0.3 mN/m and achieved high emulsification indices (68.4 %–72.9 %) under diverse environmental conditions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the biosurfactant as dirhamnolipids, consistent with previously reported findings. The antibacterial potential was assessed against six human pathogens, with significant inhibition observed, particularly against <em>Bacillus cereus</em> 8733 (Zone of Inhibition: 19 ± 0.1 mm; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: 32 μg/ml). The biosurfactant exhibited notable anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities, achieving biofilm eradication rates between 56.39 % and 77.25 %. Its strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, coupled with antibiofilm and anti-adhesive properties, positions it as a promising natural antimicrobial agent for biomedicine and food safety. These findings establish <em>P. mendocina</em> 7094 biosurfactants as sustainable, cost-effective alternatives to synthetic surfactants, with versatile applications across diverse industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgraded multienzymes activities by Trichoderma reesei secretion using mixed Avicel and wheat bran as inducing carbon source","authors":"Lijuan Han ,&nbsp;Zixian Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyu Yuan ,&nbsp;Kangle Niu ,&nbsp;Zhihong Wu ,&nbsp;Xu Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant cell wall–degrading enzymes produced by filamentous fungi play an important role in various biotechnological processes. The efficiency of lignocellulose hydrolysis was up to 1.9- to 2.7- fold when the mixture of Avicel and wheat bran was employed as the carbon source compared to that obtained with other soluble carbon sources. Furthermore, the protein complexes of the lignocellulase enzyme preparations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The results showed that, when the mixture of Avicel and wheat bran was used as the carbon source, the protein complexes contained up to 7 different types of proteins, exhibiting significantly greater diversity in constituent proteins compared to those obtained using other carbon sources. Moreover, auxiliary proteins were detected as constituents of the multienzyme complexes in addition to hemicellulases and cellulases when the mixture of Avicel and wheat bran was employed as the carbon source. We hypothesize that these secreted multienzyme complexes consisting of cellulases, hemicellulases, and auxiliary proteins play an important role in enhancing lignocellulose degradation. The results help to deepen the understanding of fungal cellulases, thereby promoting the production technology progress and industrial application of filamentous fungal cellulase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylanase assisted Elemental Chlorine Free bleaching of sarkanda (Saccharum munja roxb) pulp","authors":"Ruchika Siwach ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Richa Mishra ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Sharma ,&nbsp;Rajan Verma ,&nbsp;Mithul Rajeev ,&nbsp;Soumya Pandit ,&nbsp;Sharad Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sarkanda soda anthraquinone pulp, prepared under optimized conditions (16 % alkali dose, 160 °C, 20 min, and 1:4 biomass-to-liquid ratio), was treated with 20 IU xylanase per gram of oven-dried pulp at pH 7, 40 °C, for 75 min. The enzymatic pre-bleaching process effectively reduced chemical bleaching agents by 30 % without compromising pulp brightness. Additionally, it significantly enhanced pulp strength, improving the burst, tear and tensile indexes, 27, 12 and 8 %, respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness on overall pulp quality. Beyond enhancing mechanical properties, xylanase-assisted bleaching contributed to environmental sustainability by reducing the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of the effluent by 28 % and 20 %, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of xylanase-assisted Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative for the pulp and paper industry, reducing chemical use, improving pulp quality, and minimizing pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial exopolysaccharides: A comprehensive review on sustainable production from spoiled fruit wastes","authors":"Mohamed Hemida Abd-Alla,&nbsp;Elhagag A. Hassan,&nbsp;Esraa A. Mohammed,&nbsp;David Mamdouh Khalaf,&nbsp;Shymaa R. Bashandy","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) with diverse functional properties, valuable in various industries. EPS biosynthesis involves four pathways, contributing to polymer production with distinct properties. EPS are essential for microbial survival, providing protection against stress, facilitating biofilm formation, and modulating host-pathogen interactions. Utilizing spoiled figs and grapes as substrates for EPS production offers a sustainable source of organic nutrients, aligning with circular economic principles. EPS find applications in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental management. In agriculture, they improve soil structure, promote plant growth, and act as eco-friendly biopesticides. Future research should focus on discovering novel bacterial strains, elucidating structure-function relationships, and optimizing sustainable production methods. Addressing regulatory and safety concerns is crucial to unlock the full potential of EPS in various industries. By using fruit waste as a substrate, EPS production becomes more cost-effective and environmentally friendly, supporting global sustainability efforts and advancing the principles of a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring brewer's spent grain for xylo-oligosaccharide production","authors":"Luiza Soares Ribeiro,&nbsp;Susan Hartwig Duarte,&nbsp;Mariano Michelon","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the main byproduct of the brewing industry, is rich in hemicellulose, making it a potential raw material to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). This study aimed to produce XOS through the enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan extracted from Pilsen and IPA BSG. The proximate composition of BSG revealed significant differences in protein content (23.4 g/100 g and 26.0 g/100 g) and carbohydrate content (63.7 g/100 g and 59.9 g/100 g) for Pilsen and IPA, respectively. Xylan of the different BSG was extracted using alkaline treatment, followed by ethanol precipitation. The xylan extracted from Pilsen BSG had a higher hemicellulose, 38.2 %, and cellulose content, 51.4 %, compared to IPA BSG, which contained 31.7 % hemicellulose and 35.5 % cellulose. The treatment resulted in delignification of over 70 % for both BSG types, as confirmed by FTIR spectra. The enzymatic hydrolysis of xylans was performed using the Hemicellulase Amano xylanolytic complex. The highest total XOS (XOSt) production was obtained from the hydrolysis of Pilsen BSG xylan, 2.5 mg/mL, while IPA BSG xylan resulted in 1.78 mg/mL. Additionally, short-chain xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) and long-chain xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSl) levels were significantly higher for xylan extracted from Pilsen BSG, with values of 1.13 mg/mL and 1.37 mg/mL, respectively. These results highlight the influence of BSG composition on XOS production and the effectiveness of alkaline treatment in lignin removal. Thus, BSG is demonstrated to be a viable xylan source for XOS production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defense enzyme encoding gene and metabolite expression profiling in Salicornia brachiata Roxb. under different salinity","authors":"Anupam Kumari ,&nbsp;Aditya P. Rathore ,&nbsp;Jigar A. Sutariya ,&nbsp;Doongar R. Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Mangal S. Rathore","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salicornia brachiata</em> Roxb. is a succulent halophyte which grows well in the coastal saline areas of India. The present study investigated the effect of saline and non-saline treatments (saline soil + seawater: NPS; saline soil + tap water: NPM; non-saline soil + seawater: GS and non-saline soil + tap water: GM) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression and metabolite profiles of <em>S. brachiata</em>. A significant increment in the MDA and H₂O₂ contents (oxidative stress markers) was recorded in the GM and NPM treatment plants, indicating that irrigation water imposed more stress on plants than soil type. This finding also recommends that <em>S. brachiata</em> needs a saline environment for its optimal growth.</div><div>Furthermore, notably increased enzyme activities and transcript expression of antioxidant were recorded in plants grown under GS and NPS treatment indicating that <em>S. brachiata</em> has a well-developed antioxidant defense system to mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity. Moreover, the metabolite profile exhibited that NPS and GS plants accumulated some unique metabolites than NPM and GM, suggesting that <em>S. brachiata</em> overcomes the adverse impacts of salinity by accruing more osmolytes. These findings demonstrate that <em>S. brachiata</em> has a well-advanced defense system to alleviate the deleterious effects of environmental stresses and could be used as an alternative crop on salt-affected lands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming insects into a conventional food source using biotechnological processes","authors":"Yuri Matheus Silva Amaral,&nbsp;Ruann Janser Soares de Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by population growth and concerns about ensuring food security and sustainability, the introduction of insects into human food is one of the greatest challenges of the modern era. Insects have a high efficiency for nutrient conversion, are a valuable source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals; comparable to other conventional sources. A great advantage of insects compared to traditional agricultural production systems lies in the lower generation of agents that can result in environmental problems. Furthermore, several bioactive compounds can be obtained by exploiting the nutritional composition of insects. The health benefits of these compounds have been reported in several studies, some of them with clinical trials on humans. Additionally, studies have also been dedicated to investigating the possible negative effects on human health that may result from eating insects, including allergenic and antinutritional compounds. In this sense, biotechnological processes such as enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are being evaluated as methods for obtaining bioactive compounds, and reducing risk factors that may be present in insects and their derivatives, in addition to modifying the structure of macromolecules, especially those proteins, in order to benefit from desirable techno-functional characteristics. On a broader spectrum, introducing insects into the population's conventional diet requires broad coordination between several areas, which includes the legislative branch, universities and research centers, the food industry, and the media. These areas can collaborate to regulate insect consumption, enhance ingredient processing, and inform the benefits of insect breeding and consumption, reducing aversion and negative associations (disease transmitters, for example).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the functional and probiotic potential of bacteriocin-producing lactobacilli from Algerian Kaddid","authors":"Kamel Boubakri ,&nbsp;Constanza Melian ,&nbsp;Pablo G. Cataldo ,&nbsp;Elvira M. Hebert ,&nbsp;Tayeb Idoui ,&nbsp;Graciela Vignolo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on lactobacilli from traditional food niches have received increasing attention for their beneficial properties. In this study, selected bacteriocin-producing lactobacilli strains previously isolated and characterized from laboratory-prepared <em>Kaddid</em> were used. The lactobacilli were screened <em>in vitro</em> for their probiotic potential including inhibition of <em>Listeria (L.) monocytogenes</em> FBUNT biofilm formation, antioxidant capacity and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. When probiotic features were investigated, surface characterization of bacteriocinogenic lactobacilli revealed most of them as hydrophilic, however <em>Latilactobacillus</em> (<em>Lat.</em>) <em>sakei</em> subsp. <em>sakei</em> K26 exhibited strong auto-aggregative and hydrophobic character with a positive Pearson (<em>r</em>) correlation between the two characteristics. In addition, <em>Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) paraplantarum</em> K18 was the most resistant to assayed low pHs and bile salts being able to withstand gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. Variable biofilm formation patterns were displayed by adhesion in polystyrene plates depending on the modified MRS media composition, higher production for <em>Lat. sakei</em> subsp. <em>sakei</em> K26 and <em>Lpb. paraplantarum</em> K18 was found. When bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances were tested against <em>L. monocytogenes</em> biofilm, <em>Lat. sakei</em> subsp<em>. sakei</em> K26, <em>Lat. sakei</em> K25 and <em>Lpb. paraplantarum</em> K18 were the most efficient at reduced the pathogen in correlation with their ability to produce bacteriocins and biosurfactants. Variable free radical scavenging activity (DPPH<strong>˙</strong> and HO<strong>˙</strong>) and anti-lipid peroxidation was found in lactobacilli strains, while GABA production assay showed <em>Lpb. paraplantarum</em> K18 to reach 18.63 mM with a conversion rate of ∼6.9 % after incubation at 30 °C for 15 days. On these bases and together with previous results, the beneficial effect of <em>Lpb. paraplantarum</em> K18 support its potential to be used as functional/probiotic starter culture for the development of new and safety fermented meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved eumelanin production, phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity by Streptomyces lasalocidi NTB 42 following copper sulfate supplementation","authors":"Muhammad Asril ,&nbsp;Rika Indri Astuti ,&nbsp;Iman Rusmana ,&nbsp;Aris Tri Wahyudi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for natural pigments, including microbial melanin, is rapidly increasing in the pharmaceutical industry. Eumelanin, a black pigment produced by <em>Streptomyces lasalocidi</em> NTB 42, exhibits high antioxidant activity. This pigment can be produced in large quantities using copper sulfate (CuSO₄.5H₂O). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CuSO₄.5H₂O on various parameters related to eumelanin production in <em>S. lasalocidi</em> NTB 42 and antioxidant activity. The addition of 0.04 % CuSO₄.5H₂O to the production medium significantly enhanced tyrosinase activity by 4.52-fold. Additionally, it resulted in a 46.75-fold increase in eumelanin production (3.74 g/L), a 1.83-fold increase in eumelanin concentration (875 mg/g eumelanin dry weight), a 1.44-fold increase in total phenolic content (TPC) (127.76 mg GAE/g eumelanin), a 0.89-fold increase in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging assay (IC₅₀) (66.75 μg/mL), and a 7.68-fold increase in ferric reducing antioxidant power (875.95 mg AAE/g eumelanin) (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of 0.03 % CuSO₄.5H₂O resulted in a 1.30-fold increase in total flavonoid content (TFC) (76.93 mg QE/g eumelanin) and a 0.328-fold increase in total antioxidant capacity (191.41 mg AAE/g eumelanin) (p &lt; 0.05). The obtained eumelanin, which is characterized by UV–VIS and FT-IR analysis, has the same character as the previously found eumelanin. These findings suggest that CuSO4.5H₂O concentrations between 0.03 % and 0.04 % significantly enhance eumelanin production, levels of major chemical compounds, and antioxidant activity in <em>S. lasalocidi</em> NTB 42. This study underscores the potential for increased eumelanin production and antioxidant activity of <em>S. lasalocidi</em> NTB 42 to meet the demands of pharmaceutical applications as an antioxidant agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 103602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}