Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction of fucoxanthin from Isochrysis galbana and its critical analytics on antidiabetic activity","authors":"Vijayakumar Maduraimuthu,&nbsp;Kanmani Shanmugam,&nbsp;Gugan Kothandan,&nbsp;Jayappriyan Kothilmozhian Ranishree","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fucoxanthin extraction from <em>Isochrysis galbana</em> is challenging due to its association with cellular and pigment-protein components and its susceptibility to degradation during processing. This study optimised ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to enhance fucoxanthin recovery. It also evaluated the <em>in vitro</em> inhibitory activity and computational interactions of the purified compound with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Single-factor experiments followed by response surface methodology (RSM) identified optimum extraction conditions of 6.2 min, 37.5 °C, 41% amplitude, 80% ethanol, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40 mL/g. Experimental validation under these conditions yielded 40.54 ± 0.62 mg/g dry weight. The extracted fucoxanthin was purified and characterised using HPLC, HPTLC, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and ¹H NMR. Purified fucoxanthin exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC₅₀ values of 311.71 and 409.24 μg/mL, respectively. Although fucoxanthin showed lower inhibitory potency than acarbose under the assay conditions, its measurable inhibitory activity against both enzymes warrants further investigation. Molecular docking predicted positive interactions between fucoxanthin and both enzymes, with stronger binding affinity for α-amylase. Furthermore, 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the predicted fucoxanthin-bound conformations of both enzymes remained structurally stable under the simulated conditions, as supported by RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, and hydrogen-bond analyses. The study demonstrates that optimised UAE enables efficient recovery of fucoxanthin from <em>I. galbana</em> and provides an integrated experimental and computational basis for further biological evaluation of its potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148948092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardoon stalk fibre as a sustainable lignocellulosic resource: Assessment of cytotoxicity and fungal colonisation","authors":"Filipa Silva,&nbsp;Débora Castro,&nbsp;Cristina Castro,&nbsp;Filipe Soutinho,&nbsp;Isabel Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The textile industry's increasing environmental impact has intensified interest in alternative fibres derived from underutilised and renewable biomass. Among these, the characteristics of lignocellulosic residues from agro-industrial processes for textile-related applications remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the potential of cardoon (<em>Cynara cardunculus</em> L.) stalk fibre as a bio-based material through the assessment of its physicochemical and biological properties. Cotton was included as a reference fibre to provide a general benchmark for comparison.</div><div>Morphological and chemical analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while in vitro cytotoxicity (ISO 10993-5) and fungal colonisation assays with <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (ISO 13629-2 and biofilm models) were used to assess biological behaviour.</div><div>Cardoon fibre exhibited similar susceptibility to fungal colonisation as cotton and showed no cytotoxicity. However, significant structural differences were observed: cardoon fibre displayed a coarser morphology and lignocellulosic composition, including lignin, which influenced its mechanical properties and degradation behaviour.</div><div>This work provides the first integrated assessment of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of commercially processed cardoon stalk fibre, offering new insights into its behaviour as a lignocellulosic material. Rather than functioning as a direct substitute for cotton, cardoon fibre is better positioned as a complementary bio-based resource. The findings support its potential relevance within circular bioeconomy strategies, while highlighting the need for further optimisation of fibre processing and application-specific performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148938515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermostable and eco-friendly chitosan-based biocatalytic platform for immobilization of alkaline protease","authors":"Mazen Khaled Alsahari,&nbsp;Sami Karam,&nbsp;Tingting Yang,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Al-Ahmadi,&nbsp;Yan Luo,&nbsp;Feng F. Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing need for sustainable biocatalysts necessitates optimized carriers to improve enzyme stability at elevated temperatures. This study presents the development of a thermally stable and environmentally benign biocatalyst by immobilizing alkaline protease derived from <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (BAP) on chitosan/nanosilica (CS/NS) composites, utilizing genipin as a natural cross-linking agent. The integration of nanosilica into the chitosan matrix improved the enzyme's structural integrity and thermal stability. Among all synthesized composites (NS ratio range of 0 to 50 <em>wt</em>%), BAP@CS/NS-10% exhibited the optimal performance, achieving a loading capacity of 70.1 ± 2.5% and an activity recovery of 89.2 ± 1.5% after 16 h. The immobilized enzyme preserved 43.3% and 24.9% of its initial activity after 5 min at 100 °C and 110 °C, correspondingly, while the free enzyme was nearly inactivated. It retained 44.7% of its activity following 10 reuse cycles and 61.3 ± 0.9% after twenty days of storage at 4 °C. The BAP@CS/NS-10% composite offers a diverse, durable, and sustainable foundation for rigorous biocatalytic applications. Its practical applicability is evidenced by its use in high-temperature food processing, including the breakdown of milk and meat proteins, and by its function as a safe carrier for oral enzyme administration in pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148997039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biodiesel production optimized using a heterogeneous catalyst from petrochemical sludge supported on almond shell hydrochar","authors":"Majid Mohadesi,&nbsp;Ashkan Gouran,&nbsp;Ali Roshani","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental limitations of conventional homogeneous catalysts, including difficult separation and wastewater generation, have intensified the search for sustainable heterogeneous alternatives derived from waste resources. This study developed a novel heterogeneous catalyst by immobilizing CaO-MgO-rich petrochemical sludge onto hydrochar synthesized from almond shells via hydrothermal carbonization. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Hammett titration, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating the successful incorporation of metal oxides and the presence of active basic sites on the support. The structural features of the hydrochar may enhance reactant accessibility.Catalytic performance was evaluated in waste cooking oil transesterification, investigating catalyst concentration (3-9 wt%), oil-to-methanol volume ratio (0.8-2.4 v/v), reaction time (60-150 min), and n-hexane co-solvent concentration (0-20 wt%) at 63 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) via Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize fatty acid methyl ester percent (FAME%). Statistical analysis showed that reaction time was the most influential parameter, while catalyst concentration and co-solvent concentration also had significant effects, and the developed model exhibited high predictive capability (<span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> = 0.9827, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span> = 0.9624, and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span> = 0.9037). Under optimal experimental conditions (5.5 wt% catalyst, 1.8 v/v ratio, 136 min, and 15.6 wt% n-hexane), a biodiesel FAME of 98.77% was predicted. Additionally, the catalyst was tested for reusability over six cycles, demonstrating consistent performance with biodiesel FAME ranging from 98.49% to 94.32%, with spent catalyst characterization evaluating stability. These findings underscore the efficiency and practical potential of this waste-derived system, demonstrating a circular-economy approach by integrating industrial and agricultural wastes into heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148997041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenic potential of Ricinus communis seed extract: Phytochemical profiling, in vitro and in silico evaluation","authors":"Khursheed Ahmad,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahamad,&nbsp;Juveriya Israr,&nbsp;Shama Nigar,&nbsp;Rumana Ahmad,&nbsp;S.S.R. Baqri,&nbsp;Azfar Jamal,&nbsp;Mohammad Azhar Kamal,&nbsp;Sahabjada Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, impaired bone microarchitecture, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. <em>Ricinus communis</em> L., a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phytochemicals, has recently attracted attention for its potential role in bone health. This study comprehensively investigated the osteogenic potential of <em>Ricinus communis</em> seed extract using integrated phytochemical, in vitro, and computational approaches. Phytochemical profiling of the ethanolic seed extract was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while its osteogenic activity was evaluated in primary osteoblast cells through cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization assays. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were conducted against key membrane-bound osteogenic receptors, including bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2), parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTHr1), and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). GC-MS analysis identified 37 phytoconstituents, predominantly fatty acid esters, phytosterols, tocopherols, and hydrocarbons. The extract significantly enhanced osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule formation in a dose-dependent manner (25-100 μg/mL), indicating its osteogenic potential. Molecular docking demonstrated that stigmasterol, isofucosterol, γ-sitosterol, campesterol, δ-tocopherol, γ-sitostenone, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, and β-tocopherol exhibited strong binding affinities toward BMPR2, PTHR1, and LRP1. Furthermore, MD simulation, principal component analysis, and free-energy landscape assessments confirmed the structural stability of the BMPR2-stigmasterol, PTHr1-stigmasterol, and LRP-isofucosterol complexes. Most identified phytoconstituents also exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug-likeness characteristics. These findings provide preliminary evidence that <em>Ricinus communis</em> seed extract is a promising source of osteogenic phytochemicals with potential application in osteoporosis management, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148997154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial cellulose in the circular packaging economy: A critical review of production, functionalization, and techno-economic scale-up barriers","authors":"Gleice Paula de Araújo,&nbsp;Maryana Rogéria dos Santos,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Paiva Inácio da Silva,&nbsp;Italo José Batista Durval,&nbsp;Andréa Fernanda de Santana Costa,&nbsp;Rita de Cássia Freire Soares da Silva,&nbsp;Cláudio José Galdino da Silva Júnior,&nbsp;Leonie Asfora Sarubbo","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global environmental crisis driven by fossil-based plastics requires a transition to sustainable, biodegradable packaging alternatives. Microbial cellulose (MC) has emerged as a high-performance biopolymer characterized by a unique nanofibrillar network and robust mechanical properties; however, its industrial adoption remains constrained by high production costs (US$ 8–15 kg⁻¹) and scale-up challenges. This review provides a critical and quantitatively grounded assessment of the MC value chain, addressing the gap between laboratory-scale research and commercial viability. Evidence from the reviewed literature identifies valorizing agro-industrial residues and using SCOBY-based consortia as promising strategies to reduce culture-medium costs and improve process sustainability. Integrated evidence from Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies indicates that MC-based materials would need cost reductions of approximately 69–83% to achieve economic parity with commodity plastics. The literature further highlights the development of active and intelligent packaging through MC-based composites incorporating materials such as PLA, PBAT, and bioactive agents, which have been reported to enhance barrier properties and functional performance. Analysis of the intellectual property landscape reveals a marked geographical concentration, with 55% of global patents originating in China, suggesting greater technological development and commercialization activity in Asia. Overall, the reviewed evidence supports a strategic pathway integrating sustainable feedstocks, optimized downstream processing, and innovation policies to advance the translation of MC toward competitive and circular packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149154587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of bamboo shoot and seaweed extracts on the growth, production, and quality of senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.)","authors":"A.C. Jnanesha,&nbsp;S. Ranjith Kumar,&nbsp;S. Bharathkumar,&nbsp;K. Sravya,&nbsp;C.S. Chanotiya,&nbsp;R.K. Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examined the synergistic interactions between bamboo shoot extract (BSE) and seaweed extract (SWE) as foliar biostimulants on the growth (<em>Cassia angustifolia</em> Vahl.), yield, and quality of Indian Senna (variety Sona). The rising need for organic farming inputs, along with the necessity to continue increasing medicinal plant productivity without adversely affecting the environment, has spurred interest in bio-based growth regulators as an alternative to synthetic agrochemicals. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted in two consecutive kharif seasons (June 2023 and 2024) of the CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Boduppal, Hyderabad, to test the seven treatment combinations of BSE with different graded doses of 125–750 g per 1000 mL in the presence of a constant concentration T6 (625 g BSE + 0.3% SWE) had the most favourable effects under all parameters: plant height (83.74 cm), pod yield (462.53 kg ha ⁻¹), leaf yield (1546.73 kg ha ⁻¹), leaf sennoside content (1.12percent), and pod sennoside content (2.32percent). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a large first component (PC1), which captured 95.3% of the overall phenotypic variation, indicating a coherent gradient of biostimulant-mediated response. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed near-perfect inter-trait correlations (r ≥ 0.91; P &lt; 0.01), indicating that the effects of biostimulants are not specific to certain traits but are general to the whole system. The control (T1), which was untreated, produced the lowest values across all parameters. The ratio of benefit to cost (B: C) of T6 also reached the maximum of 2.25, which makes it an economically optimal treatment. The outcomes indicate that the joint foliar application of 625 g BSE and 0.3% SWE is an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective measure to improve the productivity and pharmaceutical quality of <em>C. angustifolia</em> in semi-arid tropical agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148997040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytic acid for green protein extraction from Clanis bilineata larvae","authors":"Shengjun Wu,&nbsp;Kexin He,&nbsp;Shuqin He","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytic acid (PA) was used for “green protein extraction” (i.e., an environmentally sustainable process that minimizes hazardous chemicals and energy consumption) to extract protein from <em>Clanis bilineata</em> larvae (CBL). Single-factor experiments indicated that the protein extraction from <em>C</em>. <em>bilineata</em> larvae was optimal under conditions of 0.5 mol/L phytic acid at pH 4.0 and 60°C for 60 min. PA–based extraction resulted in a protein yield of 86.13%, significantly higher than the 65.2% obtained using conventional alkaline extraction. After phytase treatment, PA was degraded, yielding 94.27% protein purity, 86.07% solubility, and 18.39 min of emulsifying stability. PA-based technology suggested potential for reduced hazardous waste generation and lower production costs compared to EDTA-dependent techniques, pending quantitative validation (e.g., life-cycle assessment). This demonstrates the sustainability, efficiency, and scalability of phytic acid for the recovery of insect protein under laboratory conditions. Further studies are needed to assess its potential application in resource-constrained areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149052273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery and in vitro bioactivity evaluation of a peptide-rich fraction from ethanol-extracted residues of Oplopanax elatus adventitious roots","authors":"Shuo Yu,&nbsp;Zhong-Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Peng-Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Yin-Ji Jiang,&nbsp;Yue Dai,&nbsp;Jing-Run Xiu,&nbsp;Mei-Lan Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Oplopanax elatus</em> is a rare medicinal plant of the Araliaceae family, and adventitious root (AR) culture offers an efficient way to obtain plant material. However, ethanol extraction generates substantial amounts of residual biomass that may still contain valuable bioactive compounds but remains largely underutilized. In this study, a flash extraction–protease-assisted process was developed to recover peptide-containing components from ethanol-extracted <em>O. elatus</em> AR residues. Among the six investigated factors, liquid/material ratio, enzyme amount, protease-assisted treatment temperature, and treatment pH were identified as significant factors using a Plackett-Burman design (PBD). These factors were further optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), resulting in optimized conditions of a liquid/material ratio of 61.0 mL/g, enzyme amount of 0.9%, a protease-assisted treatment temperature of 56.0 °C, and treatment pH 11.0. Under these conditions, the mean experimental peptide yield was 3.34%. The resulting extract was further fractionated using S-8 macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a peptide-rich fraction (PP). PP exhibited in vitro antioxidant activities, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 45.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging, 179.8 μg/mL for ABTS⁺ radical scavenging, 559.0 μg/mL for Fe²⁺ chelating, and 31.9 μg/mL for O₂⁻ scavenging. Furthermore, PP significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) promoted probiotic growth, as shown by higher viable colony counts for <em>Lactobacillus casei</em>, <em>L. plantarum</em>, <em>L. rhamnosus</em>, and <em>L. acidophilus</em> compared with the control group. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of recovering a bioactive peptide-rich fraction from ethanol-extracted <em>O. elatus</em> AR residues and provide a basis for the further valorization of tissue culture-derived biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149154590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic nanoparticle-immobilized trypsin for whey protein hydrolysis: catalytic performance, reusability and antioxidant peptide generation","authors":"Jonathan Barbosa Santos,&nbsp;Emilia Carmem da Silva,&nbsp;Arthur Pompílio da Capela,&nbsp;Débora Lemos da Silva,&nbsp;Tanisa Andrade Araújo de Souza,&nbsp;Mateus Pereira Flores Santos,&nbsp;Leandro Soares Santos,&nbsp;Sibelli Passini Barbosa Ferrão,&nbsp;Rafael da Costa Ilhéu Fontan","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a promising strategy for developing reusable, operationally stable biocatalytic systems. In this study, we covalently immobilized trypsin on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized MNPs using genipin as a green crosslinker and evaluated the resulting biocatalyst for hydrolysis of cheese whey proteins, a complex dairy matrix, focusing on catalytic performance, reusability, and antioxidant peptide production. The immobilized system exhibited a specific enzymatic activity of 126.2 U·g⁻¹, corresponding to a recovered activity of 146.6% relative to the free enzyme, attributed to the favorable microenvironment of the magnetic support and reduced autolysis from genipin crosslinking. After five consecutive reuse cycles, the biocatalyst retained 66.8% of its initial activity, demonstrating satisfactory operational stability. Enzymatic hydrolysis with the immobilized trypsin yielded a maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 42.6% at 4 h, comparable to the free enzyme (38.8%), while enabling biocatalyst recovery. The resulting hydrolysates exhibited strong antioxidant capacity, as assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 91.6%), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, 90.3%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 265 μM Fe²⁺), and β-carotene/linoleic acid (BCAL, 60.8%) assays, with the immobilized enzyme producing hydrolysates with antioxidant activity superior in DPPH, statistically equivalent in ABTS and FRAP, and slightly lower in BCAL, relative to the free enzyme. Chromatographic analysis confirmed peptide fractions with distinct hydrophobic profiles consistent with antioxidant activity. These findings demonstrate that genipin-crosslinked trypsin immobilized on MNPs is an efficient, sustainable biocatalytic platform for whey protein bioprocessing and antioxidant peptide production from dairy byproducts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 104267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149154592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}