Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports最新文献

{"title":"Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract mitigates alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and oxidative stress in mice","authors":"Nadège Emégam Kouémou ,&nbsp;Louis Aimé Sepi ,&nbsp;Mireille Sylviane Nguepi Dongmo ,&nbsp;Ndzweng Linda Tamanji ,&nbsp;Franklin Savo Mbeboh ,&nbsp;Stephanie Jacqueline Kameni Ndjapdounke ,&nbsp;Paul Aimé Noubissi ,&nbsp;Bernard Tiencheu ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Ngo Bum","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) happens following a sudden interruption of chronic alcohol intake. AWS is a severe condition, often leading to anxiety and seizures. Current treatments against AWS do not target all the features of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> aqueous extract on AWS in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five male mice were grouped into seven sets of 5 animals. Each set (except the sham control) received alcohol (5 %) as drinking water and, in addition, alcohol at increasing concentrations (5 %–35 %, 0.4 g/kg to 2.8 g/kg) once every 24 h for 28 days. After alcohol weaning on day 29, anxiety was evaluated (days 29–31). Following behavioural recording, animals were euthanised. Brain and liver homogenates were used for biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress parameters. Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase were assessed in the serum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Alcohol withdrawal led to a significant (P &lt; 0.001) decrease in open arm activities in the elevated plus maze. <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> administration reversed the ethanol effect and increased open arms stay and exploration. <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> also significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased center exploration of the open field, which was reduced by alcohol withdrawal. A treatment with <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> significantly (P &lt; 0.01) reduced the increase of brain and liver oxidation induced by alcohol withdrawal. Serum Alanine aminotransferase level was also significantly (P &lt; 0.001) decreased by <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> extract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study's results justify the traditional utilisation of the drinks prepared from <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> cayxes in treating patients suffering from AWS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of prosaposin and progranulin around the subfornical organ induces polydipsia in SAP-D-deficient mice","authors":"Harumi Hisaki ,&nbsp;Takao Susa ,&nbsp;Noriyuki Okudaira ,&nbsp;Miho Akimoto ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Iizuka ,&nbsp;Junko Matsuda ,&nbsp;Shunya Uchida ,&nbsp;Hiroko Okinaga ,&nbsp;Tomoki Okazaki ,&nbsp;Mimi Tamamori-Adachi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prosaposin (PSAP), a precursor of saposins, is essential for lysosomal hydrolysis of sphingolipids. It binds with progranulin (PGRN) and transports from the Golgi to lysosomes, where it is processed into saposins. PSAP is also secreted and functions on various cells, including neurons. We found that PSAP is highly expressed in the subfornical organ (SFO), a thirst center, in SAP-D-deficient (SAP-D^−/−) mice, which develop primary polydipsia. As polyuria progresses, CD68-positive active microglia infiltrate the SFO and strongly express PSAP and PGRN. Lysosomal marker LAMP1 analysis in the SFO of mice with advanced polydipsia showed increased LAMP1 expression and decreased co-localization of PSAP and LAMP1 in microglia and neurons. This suggests that SAP-D-deficient PSAP struggles to reach lysosomes, causing intracellular accumulation. c-Fos-positive cell counts in the SFO remained significantly higher in SAP-D^−/− mice, reflecting altered drinking behavior. These findings imply that PSAP may drive polydipsia progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective potential of polyherbal formulation: Evidence from preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo studies","authors":"Kundlik Rathod,&nbsp;Aswar Urmila","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study is to develop and evaluate a polyherbal formulation (PHF) for Parkinson's disease (PD). The present research provides preliminary studies which includes exhaustive literature survey leading to the selection of seven medicinal plants. Hydroalcoholic extracts of these plants were subsequently evaluated for their efficacy using haloperidol catalepsy and antioxidant assay. Based on results, four potent extracts, <em>Asparagus racemosus</em>, <em>Convolvulus prostratus</em>, <em>Bacopa monnieri</em>, and <em>Nigella sativa,</em> were chosen for further research. A PHF containing the above extracts was prepared and assessed for physicochemical properties, microbial load, and bioactive constituents. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and β-sitosterol. Molecular docking was performed for the promising actives present in the above extracts, such as kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, and β-sitosterol, highlighting their potential interactions with the PD-related targets. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, confirming potent free radical scavenging properties. Anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated via heat-induced hemolysis, albumin denaturation, and proteinase inhibition assays. Additionally, the MAO-B enzyme inhibition assay indicated significant antiparkinsonian potential. PHF, combined with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and MAO-B inhibitory activities, supports its therapeutic application in neuronal protection. Acute oral toxicity was assessed as per OECD 425 guidelines, confirming its safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signalling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and invasion: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications","authors":"Jayanta Das ,&nbsp;Bhupen Barman ,&nbsp;Phulen Sarma ,&nbsp;Bipul Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Rajiv Chetia ,&nbsp;Partha Pratim Kalita","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HCC is one of the deadliest malignancies with a rising global occurrence and poor prognosis. Metastasis and invasion are essential processes in the HCC progression, and have a profound bearing on clinical outcome. This review explores the key signalling pathways involved in HCC metastasis and invasion, focusing on their molecular mechanisms, crosstalk, and therapeutic implications. Alongside the discussion of the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, HGF/c-MET, Notch and Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathways, are known to contribute to promoting aggressive HCC behaviour. Stromal interactions, extracellular matrix remodelling, hypoxia and angiogenesis as well as the tumour microenvironment are also highlighted. These pathways are subject to current therapeutic treatments in the form of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, and research prospective of the Wnt/β-catenin blocker, TGF-β inhibitors, etc. The variations in tumours and resistance patterns to treatment and their existing problems in treating HCC are addressed. The review evaluates new therapeutic targets offering a foundation for further research and clinical advancements in this challenging field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do vibration stimulation frequencies affect the nonlinear dynamics and mechanical characterization of breast cancer cells?","authors":"Ashkan Heydarian ,&nbsp;Dornaz Milani ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni ,&nbsp;Mehrafarin Babaee ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Goudarzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Understanding the mechanical properties of cells is crucial for gaining insights into their physiological and pathological states. This study focuses on the mechanical behavior of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), emphasizing mechanical frequencies, finite element modeling (FEM), and nonlinear dynamics of the cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cells were cultured and subjected to mechanical testing using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Magnetic Tweezer Cytometry (MTC). The elastic and viscoelastic properties were analyzed, and FEMs were developed to simulate cell behavior under various mechanical stimuli. The nonlinear dynamic behavior was examined using the Duffing model, and chaos was assessed using the Largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MCF-10 cells exhibited higher stiffness than MCF-7 cells. The mechanical frequencies of both cell types were determined, and significant differences were observed at higher frequencies. FEM simulations provided detailed insights into the stress distribution and deformation patterns within cells. The nonlinear analysis revealed chaotic behavior at specific frequencies, particularly in the range of 22–36 kHz.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Identifying the mechanical frequencies and responses of cancer cells, including their nonlinear and chaotic behaviors, can inform the development of noninvasive therapeutic strategies. Further research is required to refine these models and explore the potential of mechanical forces in cancer treatment<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the inflammatory response to exposure of ultrafine TiO2 particulate matter to HUVECs","authors":"Laura A.E. Brunmaier,&nbsp;Travis W. Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies have indicated that strong causal evidence exists to link the inhalation of particulate matter to the exacerbation of pathology in the cardiovascular system, ranging from myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis to direct cytotoxicity and inflammation. Ultrafine particles are ubiquitous in ambient air, in industrial sites, and in air pollution. When particles are inhaled, deposition can occur in the lungs, and the mechanisms of pathology have been well-studied. However, ultrafine particulate matter can translocate from the lungs into the bloodstream to circulate throughout the body (Choi et al. 2010).Contradictory evidence exists of inflammation and cytotoxicity that is caused from nanoparticle exposure to the endothelium.</div><div>When endothelial cells (ECs) are adversely stimulated, they have been shown to secrete cytokines that mediate an inflammatory response. Currently, studies that quantitatively evaluated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from ECs upon nanoparticle exposure are not accounting for the aggregation that can occur between particles over time and, therefore, are likely exposing cells to a wider range of aggregated sizes. This study evaluates the inflammatory response from ECs after particle exposure, with acute attention devoted to controlling particle aggregation. Specifically, we introduce a protocol that exposes ECs to the particles in a transwell system, where we take advantage of the effects of gravitational settling to expose the ECs only to the smallest fraction of the particles that are in suspension. After 72<!--> <!-->h in the transwell assay, we found that the inflammatory response between varying concentrations of particles mirrored the inflammatory response of the positive control of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results indicate that the inflammatory response may have a stronger relationship to the particle size than to the concentration of the particles in mass per volume.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple and rapid method for generating antibodies against bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 viral proteins through immunization with virus-infected murine cells","authors":"Jiayu Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Ma ,&nbsp;Naifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Pang ,&nbsp;Filomena Fiorito ,&nbsp;Xiuyan Ding ,&nbsp;Liqian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) infects cattle and typically results in significant economic losses for the cattle industry worldwide. Currently, antibodies targeting only a limited number of viral proteins are commercially available. It has been reported that BoAHV-1 is capable of infecting numerous tumor cell lines. Based on the rationale of immune tolerance, we hypothesized that virus-infected murine cells could be directly used to immunize mice, thereby generating antibodies against viral proteins. In this study, we found that BoAHV-1 can infect murine cell lines including LA795 and MC38, as determined using both Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Immunizing mice with virus-infected cells, either through subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection, stimulates the production of high levels of antibodies that specifically recognize the viral proteins synthesized in bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, as characterized by both Western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Furthermore, our findings suggest that intraperitoneal immunization could more effectively elicit antibodies against a wider array of viral proteins. As a homemade antibody generation method, this approach bypasses the complex and time-consuming steps of producing and purifying recombinant proteins as antigen, which are typically performed in conventional methods for antibody generation. Thus, we present a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for generating virus-specific antibodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-cancer effect of palmitic acid against the endometrial cancer progression via inducing ferroptosis","authors":"Shuting Lan ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Sun ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Bo ,&nbsp;Suriguga Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Qin ,&nbsp;Jianying Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The critical role of metabolic reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target in the management of endometrial cancer (EC) progression requires further investigation. This study investigated the anti-cancer effect of palmitic acid (PA) on EC progression using cellular and xenograft models, combined with integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the molecular pathways through which PA induces ferroptosis and inhibits tumor growth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The anti-cancer effects of PA were assessed through comprehensive <em>in vitro</em> assays, including cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). <em>In vivo</em>, the therapeutic efficacy of PA was evaluated using a xenograft mouse model. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites, with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses further exploring PA's mechanistic impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PA significantly reduced the viability, migration, invasion, clonogenic potential, and EMT of EC cells, while inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In xenograft models, PA effectively suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, together with changes in ferroptosis-related markers, indicated that PA exerts its anti-cancer effects at least in part through ferroptosis activation. This conclusion was further supported by multiple ferroptosis hallmarks and ferrostatin-1 rescue, which substantially attenuated PA-induced phenotypic and biochemical alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PA suppressed EC progression by inducing ferroptosis, providing novel mechanistic insights into PA's anti-cancer properties and underscoring its potential as a therapeutic candidate for EC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fluid shear stress on human limbal epithelial cells","authors":"Sophia Masterton ,&nbsp;Mark Ahearne","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/aims</h3><div>Limbal epithelial cells (LECs) have a crucial role in the maintenance of the corneal surface by migrating from the limbus to the cornea and replacing corneal epithelial cells. These cells are subjected to shear stress via blinking and tear film movement but the influence this stress has on the cells is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine how fluidic shear stress can affect the behaviour of LECs from different donors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A commercial fluid flow system (ibidi) was used to apply fluid shear at two different flow rates, with no flow being used as a control. Cells from three different donors were examined for phenotype, stratification, TRPV4 activation, cell adhesion and barrier function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both low and high shear stresses resulted in changes to the cell phenotype and these changes were highly donor dependent. Expression of TRPV4, a mechanosensitive ion-channel, was up-regulated for all donors exposed to shear stress. Stratification of cells only occurred with cells exposed to shear stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study show the importance of shear stress on modulating the behaviour of LECs and how donor to donor variations and the heterogeneity of cell populations need to be considered when conducting cell based studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Bingyan Yang,&nbsp;Hongyang Zhang,&nbsp;Lingdi Dong,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang,&nbsp;Nan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer. Considering the substantial improvement in prognosis when detected at an early stage, identifying biomarkers for an early diagnosis of cSCC is crucial. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in cSCC progression; This study aimed to identify PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related genes that may serve as diagnostic indicators for cSCC, thereby providing a diagnostic framework for this disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods/results</h3><div>A total of 33 PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cSCC were acquired by intersecting the DEGs from the Gene Expression Omnibus database between normal and cSCC groups and genes reported to be associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the literature. LASSO regression identified 11 hub genes (<em>AKT1, AKT3, EIF4EBP1, GFRA1, GRSF1, HIF1A, IGF1, IL11, IL24, KRT75,</em> and <em>MMP3</em>), which were used to construct the diagnostic model. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that these hub genes displayed strong diagnostic capacity. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation confirmed significant differences in mRNA expression of <em>HIF1A, MMP3, IL11, GRSF1,</em> and <em>EIF4EBP1</em> between cSCC and normal cell lines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These five PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related genes have the potential to serve as clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of cSCC and as candidate therapeutic targets. This study offers valuable insights for further research to elucidate the specific pathological mechanisms and establish innovative treatment approaches for cSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8771,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}