Shela Salsabila, Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Nasrul Wathoni, Irna Sufiawati, Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> toxicity of chitosan-based nanoparticles: a systematic review.","authors":"Shela Salsabila, Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Nasrul Wathoni, Irna Sufiawati, Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2462328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2462328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan nanoparticles have been extensively utilised as polymeric drug carriers in nanoparticles formulations due to their potential to enhance drug delivery, efficacy, and safety. Numerous toxicity studies have been previously conducted to assess the safety profile of chitosan-based nanoparticles. These toxicity studies employed various methodologies, including test animals, interventions, and different routes of administration. This review aims to summarise research on the safety profile of chitosan-based nanoparticles in drug delivery, with a focus on general toxicity tests to determine LD50 and NOAEL values. It can serve as a repository and reference for chitosan-based nanoparticles, facilitating future research and further development of drugs delivery system using chitosan nanoparticles. Publications from 2014 to 2024 were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines were employed to evaluate the quality and risk-of-bias in the <i>in vivo</i> toxicity studies. The results demonstrated favourable toxicity profiles, often exhibiting reduced toxicity compared to free drugs or substances. Acute toxicity studies consistently reported high LD50 values, frequently exceeding 5000 mg/kg body weight, while subacute studies typically revealed no significant adverse effects. Various routes of administration varied, including oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, inhalation, and topical, each demonstrating promising safety profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning-based integration develops a disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature for improving outcomes in gastric cancer.","authors":"Tianze Zhang, Yuqing Chen, Zhiping Xiang","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2440415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2440415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers globally due to delayed detection and limited treatment options, underscoring the critical need for innovative prognostic methods. Disulfidptosis, a recently discovered programmed cell death triggered by disulphide stress, presents a fresh avenue for therapeutic exploration. This research examines disulfidptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (DRLs) in gastric cancer, with the goal of leveraging these lncRNAs as potential markers to enhance patient outcomes and treatment approaches. Comprehensive genomic and clinical data from stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Employing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, a prognostic model was devised incorporating five key DRLs to forecast survival rates. The effectiveness of this model was validated using Kaplan-Meier survival plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and extensive functional enrichment studies. The importance of select lncRNAs and the expression variability of genes tied to disulfidptosis were validated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot tests, establishing a solid foundation for their prognostic utility. Analyses of functional enrichment and tumour mutation burden highlighted the biological importance of these DRLs, connecting them to critical cancer pathways and immune responses. These discoveries broaden our comprehension of the molecular framework of gastric cancer and bolster the development of tailored treatment plans, highlighting the substantial role of DRLs in clinical prognosis and therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Jagielski, Karolina Dydak, Kaja Jaskot, Dmytro Soloviov, Maciej Kozak, Grzegorz Nowaczyk
{"title":"Antibacterial lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles - synthesis and optimization by central composite design.","authors":"Jakub Jagielski, Karolina Dydak, Kaja Jaskot, Dmytro Soloviov, Maciej Kozak, Grzegorz Nowaczyk","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2472928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2472928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands new antimicrobial strategies. Glyceryl monolaurate (GML) shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like <i>S. aureus</i> but is ineffective against Gram-negative <i>E. coli</i> due to its outer membrane. GML's limited solubility and susceptibility to bacterial lipases hinder its direct use. This study developed glyceryl monooleate (GMO) lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs) incorporating GML to enhance its stability and efficacy. Using a central composite design (CCD), an optimal GMO:GML:F127 mass ratio of 26.5:3.5:1.5 was achieved. Characterization via dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed the formation of bicontinuous cubic phase nanoparticles (<i>Pn3m</i> space group) with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic regions, enabling the incorporation of diverse agents and the presence of sponge-like nanoparticles. The optimized LLCNPs inhibited <i>S. aureus</i> growth at concentrations ≥10 µg/mL by disrupting its membrane potential but showed no activity against <i>E. coli.</i> Cytotoxicity studies indicated that GML incorporation did not significantly affect cell viability compared to pure GMO LLCNPs. This nanoparticle system offers a biocompatible solution for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections and may synergize with existing antibiotics, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"69-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IRES activation: HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic enzymes play a pivotal role in non-neuronal cell survival under hypoxia.","authors":"Rehana Ismail, Imtiyaz Ahmed Najar, Mohamed Rahamathulla, Mahboob-Ul- Hussain, Muddasir Sharief Banday, Sushma Devi, Poonam Arora, Manish Kumar, Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Ismail Pasha","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2480601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2480601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia-induced brain damage can cause consciousness, memory failure and death. HK2 and TPI1 were investigated to see how they change hypoxia sensitivity in neurons and non-neurons. Hypoxia sensitivity is determined by the differential overexpression of both important glycolytic enzymes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. C6 glioma cells expressed greater HK2 and TPI1 protein than neuro 2A cells, which were more sensitive to hypoxia-induced cell death by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. After 48 h of hypoxia, C6 glioma cells displayed substantial protein upregulation of HK2 and TPI1 glycolytic proteins but not mRNA. Hypoxia did not raise HK2 and TPI1 mRNA transcription, pointing at post-transcriptional protein regulation. Using di-cistronic and promoter-less di-cistronic assays, we discovered significant IRES regions in HK2 and TPI1 mRNA's 5'UTR, more active in C6 glioma cells with polypyrimidine tract binding (PTB) protein. We concluded that non-neuronal cells varied in HK2 and TPI1 overexpression, altering their vulnerability to hypoxia-induced cell death. Adjusting HK2, TP1 and PTB levels may prevent hypoxia-induced brain cell death. These results offer new information on glycolytic enzyme modulation under hypoxia, crucial for comprehending cell survival in hypoxic situations. This could affect situations like neurodegenerative illnesses or ischaemic injuries, where hypoxia-induced cell death is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling the ageing-related genes in diagnosing osteoarthritis with metabolic syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.","authors":"Jian Huang, Lu Wang, Jiangfei Zhou, Tianming Dai, Weicong Zhu, Tianrui Wang, Hongde Wang, Yingze Zhang","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2025.2471762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2025.2471762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ageing significantly contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to identify ageing-related biomarkers in OA patients with MetS. OA and MetS datasets and ageing-related genes (ARGs) were retrieved from public databases. The limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) screened gene modules, and machine learning algorithms, such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalised linear model (GLM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were employed. The nomogram and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assess the diagnostic value, and CIBERSORT analysed immune cell infiltration. We identified 20 intersecting genes among DEGs of OA, key module genes of MetS, and ARGs. By comparing the accuracy of the four machine learning models for disease prediction, the SVM model, which includes CEBPB, PTEN, ARPC1B, PIK3R1, and CDC42, was selected. These hub ARGs not only demonstrated strong diagnostic values based on nomogram data but also exhibited a significant correlation with immune cell infiltration. Building on these findings, we have identified five hub ARGs that are associated with immune cell infiltration and have constructed a nomogram aimed at early diagnosing OA patients with MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"53 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dodecafluoropentane emulsion as an oxygen therapeutic.","authors":"Jennifer L H Johnson, Evan Unger","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2402908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2402908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is a fluorocarbon (FC) under clinical development as an oxygen therapeutic and is regulated as a blood substitute. Compared to all the prior FCs studied, DDFP is the most advantageous for oxygen delivery and it is active at a lower concentration (1/200th to 1/1000th the weight of other FCs). DDFP has a boiling point of 29 °C, is more water soluble than prior FCs, and following IV administration clears <i>via</i> exhalation. Prior FCs had boiling points ≥ 140 °C and were retained long-term in the body causing adverse events. DDFP is a gas at biological temperature while prior FCs were liquids. Gases deliver roughly 1000 times more oxygen than liquids. DDFPe has two mechanisms of action: (1) The size of the molecule is the smallest that is a liquid at room temperature; on a molar volume basis this equates to more dissolution of oxygen. (2) Because of its boiling point close to physiologic temperature, DDFP delivers oxygen more effectively than liquid FCs.Highlight PointsFluorocarbons (FCs) dissolve oxygen and other respirable gases.FC emulsions generally do not have biological effects of and by themselves, but rather they increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.There are a variety of FCs that were developed in the past as blood substitutes but they all caused accumulation in humans leading to toxic responses.Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is being developed as an oxygen therapeutic to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and oxygen delivery to tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"462-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heba W Alhamdi, Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar, Fouad Lamghari Ridouane, Ali A Shati, Serag Eldin I Elbehairi, Lamiaa I Fahmy, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Nada K Sedky, Heba A Fahmy
{"title":"Computational metal-flavonoids complexes presentation of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles combined flavonoids from <i>Lens culinaris L.</i> as anticancer agents using BcL-2 and IspC proteins.","authors":"Heba W Alhamdi, Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar, Fouad Lamghari Ridouane, Ali A Shati, Serag Eldin I Elbehairi, Lamiaa I Fahmy, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Nada K Sedky, Heba A Fahmy","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2420414","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2420414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lens culinaris L.</i>, has been widely recognized for its medical applications. LC-ESI-TOF-MS identified 22 secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin glycosides among its total extract (LCTE). The study aimed to apply LCTE as a biogenic material for reducing and capping the silver nanoparticles (LC-AgNPs). The ynthesized LC-AgNPs were characterized using different techniques. The UV absorption was observed at <i>λ</i><sub>max</sub> 379 nm. LC-AgNPs were spherical, with 19.22 nm average size. The face cubic centre nature was demonstrated by HR-TEM and XRD. The LC-AgNPs were then evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial potentials. LC-AgNPs showed an extremely potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub>= 0.37, 0.35 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively). LC-AgNPs induced significant apoptotic effects in the three examined cancer cell lines. LC-AgNPs resulted in sequestration of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, meanwhile it trapped cells at the G2 phase in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of LC-AgNPs was highly confirmed against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. Molecular docking study designated Kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside and Quercetin-3-D-xyloside as the topmost LCTE active constituents that caused inhibition of both Bcl-2 and IspC cancer targets in combination with the produced silver nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"529-550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badriyah Alotaibi, Engy Elekhnawy, Thanaa A El-Masry, Asmaa Saleh, Manal E Alosaimi, Khalid Nijr Alotaibi, Walaa A Negm
{"title":"Antibacterial potential of <i>Euphorbia canariensis</i> against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteria causing respiratory tract infections.","authors":"Badriyah Alotaibi, Engy Elekhnawy, Thanaa A El-Masry, Asmaa Saleh, Manal E Alosaimi, Khalid Nijr Alotaibi, Walaa A Negm","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2345891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread dissemination of bacterial resistance has led to great attention being paid to finding substitutes for traditionally used antibiotics. Plants are rich in various phytochemicals that could be used as antibacterial therapies. Here, we elucidate the phytochemical profile of <i>Euphorbia canariensis</i> ethanol extract (EMEE) and then elucidate the antibacterial potential of ECEE against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates. ECEE showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL. The impact of ECEE on the biofilm-forming ability of the tested isolates was elucidated using crystal violet assay and qRT-PCR to study its effect on the gene expression level. ECEE exhibited antibiofilm potential, which resulted in a downregulation of the expression of the biofilm genes (algD, pelF, and <i>psl</i>D) in 39.13% of the tested isolates. The antibacterial potential of ECEE was studied <i>in vivo</i> using a lung infection model in mice. A remarkable improvement was observed in the ECEE-treated group, as revealed by the histological and immunohistochemical studies. Also, ELISA showed a noticeable decrease in the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde). The gene expression of the proinflammatory marker (interleukin-6) was downregulated, while the anti-inflammatory biomarker was upregulated (interleukin-10). Thus, clinical trials should be performed soon to explore the potential antibacterial activity of ECEE, which could help in our battle against resistant pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heba W Alhamdi, Hanan Khalaf Anazi, Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar, Seham S Elhawary, Serag Eldin I Elbehairi, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Ali A Shati, Lamiaa I Fahmy, Engy Elekhnawy, Afnan Hassan, Walaa A Negm, Sherif Ashraf Fahmy, Nabil Selim
{"title":"<i>Panicum maximum</i> Jacq. mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and biological activities supported by molecular docking.","authors":"Heba W Alhamdi, Hanan Khalaf Anazi, Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar, Seham S Elhawary, Serag Eldin I Elbehairi, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Ali A Shati, Lamiaa I Fahmy, Engy Elekhnawy, Afnan Hassan, Walaa A Negm, Sherif Ashraf Fahmy, Nabil Selim","doi":"10.1080/21691401.2024.2395811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2024.2395811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study uses the aerial parts of <i>Panicum maximum</i> total extract (PMTE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an environmentally friendly manner. TEM, SEM, FTIR, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, UV, and FTIR were used to characterize the green silver nanoparticles (PM-AgNPs). PM-AgNPs were evaluated as anticancer agents compared to (PMTE) against breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), and ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV3) human tumour cells. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was assessed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates. The PM-AgNPs had an absorbance of 418 nm, particle size of 15.18 nm, and zeta potential of -22.4 mV, ensuring the nanosilver's stability. XRD evaluated the crystallography nature of the formed PM-AgNPs. The cytotoxic properties of PM-AgNPs on MCF-7 and SKOV 3 were the strongest, with IC50s of 0.13 ± 0.015 and 3.5 ± 0.5 g/ml, respectively, as compared to A549 (13 ± 3.2 µg/mL). The increase in the apoptotic cells was 97.79 ± 1.61 and 96.6 ± 1.91% for MCF-7 and SKOV3 cell lines, respectively. PM-AgNPs were found to affect the membrane integrity and membrane permeability of 50 and 43.75% of the tested isolates, respectively. Also, PM-AgNPs have recorded a reduction in the biofilm formation of <i>S. aurues</i>. These results suggest using PM-AgNPs to treat breast and ovarian cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8736,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"411-425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}