Basic and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Model of Refractory Epilepsy: A Proof-of-concept Study to Explore Dose and Time Range of Phenobarbital in Rats.","authors":"Surabhi Thapliyal, Nitika Garg, Rupa Joshi, Amitava Chakrabarti, Bikash Medhi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3904.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.3904.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Drug-resistant epilepsy is an unmet medical condition that impacts 30% of epileptic patients. Numerous antiseizure drugs have already been developed but they provide only symptomatic relief and do not target the underlying pathogenesis. Preclinical models provide opportunities to gain insights into obscure mechanisms of drug-resistant epilepsy. Current animal models possess lacunae that need rectification and validation to discover novel antiepileptic drugs. The present study aims to validate 3 different doses of phenobarbital at 2 different periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pentylenetetrazole was given at a sub-convulsive dose (30 mg/kg/day/intraperitoneal [IP]) for 28 days to develop kindling in male Wistar rats. Further, kindled rats were divided into the following four groups: Pentylenetetrazole control, pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital 40 mg/kg, and pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (60 mg/kg). They were assessed on days 14 and 28 post-kindling. Seizure scoring, oxidative stress, phenobarbital plasma levels, and histopathology of hippocampal neurons were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the combination of pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital (40 and 60 mg/kg) remarkably decreased seizure score, elucidated higher antioxidant effect, and prevented neuronal injury on day 14, whereas increased seizure score, oxidative stress, and neuronal death was observed with chronic administration of pentylenetetrazole and phenobarbital in kindled rats at day 28. Moreover, phenobarbital levels in blood were significantly increased at day 28 of phenobarbital treatment compared to day 14.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adapted protocol with phenobarbital 40 mg/kg dose could be of great potential in screening antiseizure drugs in refractory epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 5","pages":"701-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11016876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method for Evaluation of Mediation Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion and Values","authors":"Esmail Soltani, Seyed Abdolmajid Bahrainian, Ali Farhoudian, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Latif Gachkar","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2785.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptom severity, fear of negative evaluation, quality of life (QoL), and the mediating role of acceptance, cognitive fusion, and value among patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The social phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI), brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL) scale, social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pre-test, during treatment, and post-test. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and repeated measurements. Results: There were significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups in the severity of symptoms (P=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (P=0.002), and QoL (P=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ (P=0.001), cognitive fusion (P=0.001), an important section of VLQ (P=0.001). Repeated measurement results showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and QoL. Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted the mediator role of social anxiety, acceptance and action, and cognitive fusion in the severity of SAD.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136260256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seven Ambiguities in Explaining the Human Memory System in the Principles of Neural Science Book","authors":"Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.1774.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2023.1774.4","url":null,"abstract":"Memory is probably one of the most complex human cognitive functions, and in many years, thousands of studies have helped us better recognize this brain function. Professor Kandel and his colleagues have written one of the reference textbooks in neuroscience, which has also elaborated on the memory function. In this book, I encountered several ambiguities while explaining the memory system. Here, I share those points, either to find an answer to them or to let them be a suggestion for our future works. Professor Kandel has spent most of his meritorious lifetime studying the memory system; however, the brain is extremely complex, and as a result, we still have many years to comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of brain functions.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Psychometric Properties of Sex Addiction Screening Test-revised for Persian Population","authors":"Sina Shafiezadeh, , Hossein Mohajeri, Atiyeh MohammadShirazi, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, , , ","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.1920.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2022.1920.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual addiction is known as a disorder that afflicts a person with difficulty in controlling or delaying sexual behaviors. To prevent social, physical, and psychological consequences, validated screening tests are needed to diagnose this disorder. One of these tests is established by Carnes with the name of sexual addiction screening test-revised (SAST-R). In this study, SAST-R has been translated and verified in the Persian language. Methods: The original screening test was translated into the Persian language and also back-translated for matching by two separate expert teams. The data was collected through an online survey of 1268 participants who were in the age range of 18 to 65 years (Mean±SD 29.44±6.90), and 56.1% and 43.9% of the population were women and men, respectively. Three questionnaires, including the SAST-R, the hypersexual behavior consequences scale, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale as the principal, convergent, and divergent tests were administered to the participants. Results: The reliability of the test’s internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.883), split-half (Cronbach α=0.779), and Guttman (lambda coefficients were between 0.773 to 0.883) tests were used. In addition, 4 methods of content validity (sexual hyperactivity specialist approved), convergent structure validity (P<0.001, R=0.731), the validity of divergent structure (P<0.09, R=-0.132), and factor validity (comparative fit index=0.884, goodness of fit index=0.873, root mean square error of approximation=0.047) were measured and confirmed the validity of the test. Conclusion: The Persian version of SAST-R is a reliable preclinical tool to assess the severity of sexual desire in patients.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Right/Left Hand Motor Imagery by Effective Connectivity Based on Transfer Entropy in Electroencephalogram Signal","authors":"Erfan Rezaei, Ahmad Shalbaf","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2034.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.2034.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The right and left-hand motor imagery (MI) analysis based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal can directly link the central nervous system to a computer or a device. This study aims to identify a set of robust and nonlinear effective brain connectivity features quantified by transfer entropy (TE) to characterize the relationship between brain regions from EEG signals and create a hierarchical feature selection and classification for discrimination of right and lefthand MI tasks. Methods: TE is calculated among EEG channels as the distinctive, effective connectivity features. TE is a model-free method that can measure nonlinear effective connectivity and analyze multivariate dependent directed information flow among neural EEG channels. Then four feature subset selection methods namely relief-F, Fisher, Laplacian, and local learningbased clustering (LLCFS) algorithms are used to choose the most significant effective connectivity features and reduce redundant information. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods are used for classification. Results: Results show that the best performance in 29 healthy subjects and 60 trials is achieved using the TE method via the Relief-F algorithm as feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) classification with 91.02% accuracy. Conclusion: The TE index and a hierarchical feature selection and classification can be useful for the discrimination of right- and left-hand MI tasks from multichannel EEG signals.","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"760 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Therapeutic Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Quasi-experimental Study.","authors":"Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar,&nbsp;Somayyeh Emamizad,&nbsp;Ali Fakhari-Dehkharghani,&nbsp;Parnia Pouya","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3524.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3524.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for some psychiatric disorders. It is postulated that ECT should primarily be considered for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of major depression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ECT in OCD patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 12 adult patients with severe OCD (Yale-Brown test score above 25) and no comorbid psychiatric disorders referred to a tertiary care hospital for psychiatric disorders. Treatment was administered three times a week for up to three to four weeks (a minimum of 8 sessions and a maximum of 12 sessions). We completed the Yale-Brown test for all patients before ECT, on the day after applying ECT, and two months after the final ECT session to evaluate the effect of therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Yale-Brown patients' Mean±SD significantly decreased after the ECT sessions from 28.08±2.50 to 17.17±3.78 (P=0.043). After treatment, the severity of OCD decreased in all patients and turned to mild and moderate levels in 4 patients (33.3%) and 8 (66.7%), respectively. After two months, the Mean±SD Yale-Brown score slightly increased to 18.08±1.62 (P=0.125), and the severity of OCD in all 12 patients (100%) became moderate. Nevertheless, in none of them, the Yale-Brown score increased and returned to the baseline value in this period. None of the patients developed significant side effects during or after ECT sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECT was a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for patients with treatment-resistant OCD with no comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy of ECT for OCD treatment before implementing it in the routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/b0/BCN-14-19.PMC10279984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10088484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Reza Bidaki,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hekmati Moghaddam,&nbsp;Maryam Sadeh","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3220.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3220.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies in humans and animals hypothesize that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of behavioral and neurological diseases such as depression, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Some of the most salient works so far regarding the brain-gut axis are mentioned below. The current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota on nervous system diseases is far from being directly used for pharmacologic or nutritional advice toward restoration of normal bodily functions. It seems that a more comprehensive approach should be followed so that the individual effect of each kind of intervention on the patient's somatic or psychological status is determined. Future research must address global need for regimens which could reestablish normal composition of gut microorganisms after each neuropsychological disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/dc/BCN-14-167.PMC10279994.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9703096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Celastrus Paniculatus</i> Seed Extract on Epilepsy and Epilepsy-associated Cognitive Deficits.","authors":"Arti Ralta,&nbsp;Ajay Prakash,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar M,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Phulen Sarma,&nbsp;Alka Bhatia,&nbsp;Bikash Medhi,&nbsp;Amitava Chakrabarti","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3154.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3154.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive deficit is one of the common comorbidity accompanying epilepsy. The present study evaluated the effect of <i>Celastrus paniculatus</i> seed extract on seizure severity and cognitive deficit following the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PTZ kindling model was developed by daily administration of the sub-convulsive dose of PTZ 30 mg/kg for four weeks. After four weeks of induction, the following treatment, namely sodium valproic acid (SVA) 200 mg/kg, <i>C. paniculatus</i> 500 mgkg, pergolide 2 mg/kg, C. paniculatus (250 mgkg)+ Pergolide (1 mg/kg), and <i>C. paniculatus</i> (250 mgkg)+ SVA (100 mg/kg) were administered 30 minutes prior to PTZ (30 mg/kg) injection for a period of next 14 days. Neurobehavioral parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and dopamine levels were assessed and the Morris water maze test (MWM) and Grip strength test (GPS) were performed. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining of hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA1), CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), and frontal cortex was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>C. paniculatus</i> (500 mg/kg) alone and in combination (<i>C. paniculatus</i> (250 mg kg)+ pergolide (1 mg/kg) and <i>C. paniculatus</i> (250 mgkg)+ SVA (100 mg/kg)) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the seizure score, mean latency time, and distance traveled in the MWM. However, no significant effect was seen in GPS. Biochemical analysis showed elevated antioxidant markers, namely GSH, CAT, and SOD, and also elevated dopamine levels. <i>C. paniculatus</i> and its combination also significantly (P<0.05) protected against neuronal loss in the hippocampus and frontal cortex evidenced by H&E staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>C. paniculatus</i> alone and in combination with other agents may have the potential to treat epilepsy and associated cognitive deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/3d/BCN-14-155.PMC10279989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9703102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Neural Differentiation of Wartons Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Cultures using Chitosan-based Hydrogel.","authors":"Mohsen Salmanvandi,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi,&nbsp;Elahe Mansouri,&nbsp;Akram Alizadeh","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2596.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2596.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of rosmarinic acid on the nervous system. Rosmarinic acid as a herbal compound with anti-inflammatory effects can prevent thedestructive effect of inflammation on the nervous system. Furthermore, various studies haveemphasized the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) culture over the two-dimensional (2D) culture of cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, thermosensitive chitosan (CH)-based hydrogel as a 3D scaffoldwith the combination of chitosan, beta-glycerol phosphate and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (CH-GP-HEC) loaded with rosmarinic acid was used to induce neuronal differentiation in humanWharton jelly stem cells. Also, cells were divided into eight groups to evaluate the effect of 3Dcell culture and to compare gene expression in different induction conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results ofgene expression analysis showed the highest expression of neuronal markers in Whartons jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) cultured in chitosan, beta-glycerol phosphate and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (ch-gp-hec) loaded with differentiation medium androsmarinic acid. According to the results of gene expression, rosmarinic acid alone has a positiveeffect on the induction of expression of neural markers. This positive effect is enhanced by cellculture in 3D conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that rosmarinic acid can be considered an inexpensiveand available compound for use in neural tissue engineering. The results of this study indicatethat rosmarinic acid can be considered a cheap and available compound for use in neural tissueengineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/c3/BCN-14-117.PMC10279992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9703095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX)-based Intra-spinal Stimulation Approach to Decode Brain Electrical Activity for Restoration of Leg Movement in Spinally-injured Rabbits.","authors":"Mohamad Amin Younessi Heravi,&nbsp;Keivan Maghooli,&nbsp;Fereidoun Nowshiravan Rahatabad,&nbsp;Ramin Rezaee","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.1840.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.1840.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed at investigating the stimulation by intra-spinal signals decoded from electrocorticography (ECoG) assessments to restore the movements of the leg in an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present work is comprised of three steps. First, ECoG signals and the associated leg joint changes (hip, knee, and ankle) in sedated healthy rabbits were recorded in different trials. Second, an appropriate set of intra-spinal electric stimuli was discovered to restore natural leg movements, using the three leg joint movements under a fuzzy-controlled strategy in spinally-injured rabbits under anesthesia. Third, a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network model was developed to produce appropriate intra-spinal stimulation developed from decoded ECoG information. The model was able to correlate the ECoG signal data to the intra-spinal stimulation data and finally, induced desired leg movements. In this study, leg movements were also developed from offline ECoG signals (deciphered from rabbits that were not injured) as well as online ECoG data (extracted from the same rabbit after SCI induction).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our data, the correlation coefficient was 0.74±0.15 and the normalized root means square error of the brain-spine interface was 0.22±0.10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we found that using NARX, appropriate information from ECoG recordings can be extracted and used for the generation of proper intra-spinal electric stimulations for restoration of natural leg movements lost due to SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/dc/BCN-14-43.PMC10279987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9703101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}