Basic and Clinical Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Looking at Philosophy for Children and Its Outcomes Through a Neuroscience Lens.","authors":"Fariba Khodagholi, Maryam Alsadat Mousavi, Yahya Ghaedi, Shakiba Salarvandian, Fatemeh Vosoughian, Mobina Javadi, Fereshteh Khodagholi, Solmaz Khalifeh, Roohollah Karimi, Masoud Seddighfar, Shima Barzin, Leila Dargahi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6110.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6110.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Philosophy for Children (P4C) is one of the most effective teaching methods, having various educational, cognitive, and emotional benefits for children. This method is based on three types of thinking: critical (logic), caring (ethics), and creative (aesthetics). This study aimed to review the various outcomes of applying this strategy in people with different genders, ages, and socioeconomic statuses (SESs) from a neuroscience perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a narrative review study. The related studies were selected for review based on relevance to gender, age, and SES, and findings were categorized to highlight patterns and divergences in outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence suggests that gender and SES can affect the effectiveness of P4C in certain aspects. However, the interaction between gender, age, and SES seems to shape the overall efficacy of P4C in nuanced ways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The P4C has shown promising benefits for diverse populations. However, demographic variables such as gender, age, and SES may modulate its impact. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to clarify these interactions and optimize implementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 3","pages":"551-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Genotropin on Oxidative Stress, Glutamate, and Nitric Oxide Pathways in a Rat Model of Peripheral Neuropathy.","authors":"Sepideh Saffarpour, Arash Mehraz, Pargol Sadeghi Tehran, Farinaz Nasirinezhad","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2025.6536.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2025.6536.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genotropin, a recombinant human growth hormone (GH), has been proposed as a potential repositioning drug to treat neurological disorders. However, its efficacy in managing neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effects of Genotropin and investigate its potential mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two weeks after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, adult male rats were randomly assigned to three main groups: Control, vehicle (normal saline [NS]), and treatment. The treatment group received Genotropin at doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg, either alone or in combination with L-arginine, L-NAME, or glutamate (n=8 per group). Pain-related behaviors were assessed using Von Frey filaments, the plantar test, and the Randall-Selitto test. Blood samples were collected to analyze oxidative and antioxidative markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotropin significantly reduced mechanical allodynia (P<0.05, F=2.7) and mechanical (P<0.01, F=3.4) and thermal hyperalgesia (P<0.001, F=2.5). Pretreatment with 0.3 mg/kg GH abolished the pronociceptive effects of L-arginine (500 mg/kg) and glutamate (1000 nmol) (P<0.01; F=2, F=3) while enhancing the antinociceptive effect of L-NAME (P<0.05, F=2.8). GH also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.01, F=3.7) and restored levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.01; F=11, F=10.52, F=5, respectively). Additionally, catalase (CAT) levels were significantly increased (P<0.01, F=5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that exogenous GH alleviates neuropathic pain and enhances antioxidant defenses in a model of peripheral neuropathic pain. The involvement of glutamate and nitric oxide (NO) pathways in GH's antinociceptive effects was also demonstrated. Therefore, Genotropin holds potential as a repositioned therapeutic agent for treating neuropathic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 3","pages":"619-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sural/Radial Amplitude Ratio in Healthy Adults: Influence of Anatomical and Demographic Variables.","authors":"Fateme Hojjati, Seyed Mansour Rayegani, Ali Nazari Nodoushan, Masume Bayat, Davood Khavari Ardestani, Zahra Razzaghi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2025.6574.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2025.6574.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The sural-to-radial sensory nerve action potential amplitude ratio (SRAR) can be used to diagnose peripheral axonal neuropathy. However, different studies have revealed varying lowest values for this index. This study aimed to identify the minimum normal value of SRAR in healthy individuals and evaluate the impact of age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), forearm length, wrist circumference, ankle circumference, and leg length on the lowest normal value of SRAR to distinguish between healthy individuals and those with axonal polyneuropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 108 individuals referred for four-limb electrodiagnostic tests with normal results. The participants were between 20 and 70 years old, and the study was conducted between July 2022 and December 2023. Electrodiagnostic tests were performed to determine the range of sensation in the sural and radial sensory nerves. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 26, and a P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that the lowest SRAR value was 0.2 (mean 0.435±0.175). According to the Pearson correlation test, the SRAR has no significant correlation with age, BMI, forearm length, wrist circumference, ankle circumference, and leg length.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that the SRAR was not affected by various physical characteristics, such as age, sex, height, weight, forearm length, wrist circumference, ankle circumference, or leg circumference. An SRAR value of 0.2 was identified as the minimum normal value of SRAR in our healthy subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 3","pages":"633-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Pro-oxidant Antioxidant Balance in Febrile Children With and Without Seizure: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Mohammad Salari Zare, Mehran Mir, Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri, Houman Tehrani, Parastoo Amiri, Mitra Azra Aldaghi, Kazem Hassanpour","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6601.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6601.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A benign condition known as a febrile seizure (FS) occurs between the ages of six and 60 months when the patient has a fever of at least 38 °C, is not suffering from a central nervous system (CNS) infection or metabolic disorder, and has no prior history of FSs. Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the emergence of several neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in febrile children with and without seizures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Heshmatieh Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, between March 2020 and March 2021. Forty febrile children with a temperature of 38 °C and above (F) and 40 febrile children who experienced FS were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all patients. PAB was evaluated using a special PAB assay. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant ratio values were expressed in HK units.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HK variable in the FS group was 180.43±9.28 and 131.83±17.73 in the F group. The FS group had a higher mean serum level of PAB than the F group (P<0.05), indicating that the level of oxidative stress in patients with FSs was higher than in febrile patients without seizures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum antioxidant levels appear to interiorize the risk of seizures in febrile children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 3","pages":"657-666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histone Deacetylase Class IIb Inhibition Improves Amyloid-β-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Male Rats.","authors":"Zahra Mansouri, Fereshteh Motamedi, Fariba Khodagholi, Maryam Zahmatkesh","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.2822.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.2822.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive impairment of cognitive function. The primary pathological features of AD include aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of HDAC6 and HDAC10 inhibition in a rodent model of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Learning and memory deficits were induced by bilateral intra-hippocampal Aβ injections in male Wistar rats. Tubacin (HDAC6 inhibitor) and bufexamac (HDAC6 and 10 inhibitors) were microinjected 30 minutes after Aβ injection. The possible molecular changes in the hippocampus following Aβ injection were also assessed by western blotting analysis of pCREB/CREB and Pp70/P70 ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that bufexamac significantly recovered learning and memory impairments induced by Aβ in the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Tubacin improved memory decline without affecting learning. Bilateral intra-hippocampal injection of each of the HDAC inhibitors significantly increased the pCREB/CREB and Pp70/p70 ratios compared to the Aβ group, which was concurrent with behavioral alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HDAC IIb treatment may be a promising strategy for improving learning and memory impairments in an animal model of AD, suggesting that HDAC targeting is a valuable strategy for further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 3","pages":"583-594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of High-frequency Electrical Stimulation of Olfactory Bulb on Spontaneous Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells of Kindling Rats.","authors":"Parisa Zarei, Mohammad Reza Raoufy, Amir Shojaei, Yaghoub Fathollahi, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1854.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1854.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new therapeutic method for the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. However, the precise procedure underlying the anticonvulsant action of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) has remained unclear. This study explores the effect of HFS applied to the olfactory bulb (OB) on seizure-induced changes in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in kindling animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male rats underwent a kindling procedure involving semi-rapid electrical stimulation (6 stimulations per day) of the hippocampal CA1 region. Fully kindled animals received HFS (at 130 Hz) at 5 min, 6 h, 24 h, and 30 h after the last kindling stimulation (kindled+HFS group). Subsequently, the impact of HFS on EPSCs was evaluated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampal slices from kindled subjects using the whole cell patch clamp technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In kindling animals, sEPSC amplitude increased (P<0.001), while the sEPSC inter-event interval decreased compared to the control group (P<0.05). Applying HFS in the OB of fully kindled animals resulted in a reduction in sEPSCs amplitude and an increase in the inter-event interval of sEPSCs. No significant differences between kindling and control groups were observed in membrane potential and input resistance. Notably, the application of HFS in kindling animals restored the observed changes, so no significant difference was observed in the measured parameters between the kindled+HFS and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the OB may be a viable target for DBS in epilepsy treatment. HFS application may mitigate a seizure-induced increase in sEPSCs occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 2","pages":"393-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coenzyme Q10 Suppression of Cue-related Reinstatement Through Cognition Improvement and Hippocampal Increase in BDNF Expression in Morphine-dependent Male Rats.","authors":"Somayeh Nazari, Mobina Gheibi, Pouria Salehi Sangani, Farzaneh Felehkari, Farnam Gohardehi, Saba Niknamfar, Hamid Jomehpour, Hamed Ghazvini, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Mohammad Vahabzadeh-Kebria, Fahimeh Mohseni, Raheleh Rafaiee","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1425.7","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.1425.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Opioid dependence significantly disrupts cognitive activities such as learning and memory, which may be the reason for a return to drug use. Morphine (MOR) can increase oxidative damage in the brain. We aim to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on cognitive impairment, cue-related reinstatement, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in MOR-dependent rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 40 male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were divided into 5 experimental groups (n=8) as follows: Oil group, MOR+oil group, MOR+CoQ10-100 group, MOR+CoQ10-200 group, and MOR+CoQ10-400 group. The rats were administered increasing doses of MOR (25 to 100 mg/kg, SC) once daily. After 21 days of addiction, CoQ10 treatment is administered by gavage at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg once daily for one month. CoQ10 is dissolved in 1 mL of sesame oil and administered. Behavioral assessments were performed using a novel object recognition (NOR) test, working memory in the Y-maze, social interaction, and conditioned place preference (CPP). The expression of BDNF was assessed in the hippocampus through immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with CoQ10 at a dosage of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg within 4 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in the NOR task (P<0.01, P<0.001), working memory in the Y-maze (P<0.01, P<0.001), social interaction (P<0.001), cue-related reinstatement in the CPP (P<0.01, P<0.001) and significantly increased expression of BDNF (P<0.001) in the hippocampus of male rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CoQ10 could improve cognitive impairment and reduce reinstatement in MOR-addicted male rats. Histologic examination confirmed the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10 in the hippocampus. CoQ10 could be a potential therapeutic agent for MOR-induced cognitive impairment and relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 2","pages":"379-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Validity of Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Faranak Ghadiry, Babak Amra, Awat Feizi, Mohsen Vafaei Shahi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.3879.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.3879.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in children and strongly associated with sleep disorders, emphasizing the clinical importance of diagnosing sleep disorders in these patients. Here, we aimed to assess the validity of the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study, conducted between 2020 and 2021, involved 204 children diagnosed with ADHD and 202 healthy children as controls. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling from schools, community centers, and pediatric clinics. Demographic data were collected for all participants, and their parents completed the SDSC. The results of the two groups were analyzed and compared using the factor analysis method to examine question-answering patterns and item discrimination for ADHD disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean total SDSC score was significantly higher in ADHD patients than in controls (68.1±20.4 vs 57.3±18.2; P<0.05). ADHD cases also exhibited significantly higher scores in disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) (21.6±7.5 vs 18.1±26.9; P<0.001), sleep disorder of breathing (SDB) (5.5±3.5 vs 4.9±2.5; P=0.006), the disorder of arousal (DA) (5.9±4.0 vs 4.4±2.7; P<0.001), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTDs) (17.8±6.6 vs 14.6±6.2; P<0.001), and sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY) (4.5±3.5 vs 3.6±3.1; P=0.013) subscales. However, the area under the curve of all subscales was unsatisfactory (ranging from 0.54 to 0.63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADHD patients displayed notably higher SDSC scores, particularly in the disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, which exhibited the highest sensitivity. These findings emphasize the clinical relevance of using SDSC for diagnosing and addressing sleep disorders in individuals with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 2","pages":"429-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific Brain Regions Involved in Decoding of the Anger Acoustic Parameters.","authors":"Hossein Abroodi, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Ehsan Shekari, Reza Nilipour, Vahid Valinejad, Mostafa Almasi Doghaee","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6163.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2024.6163.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aimed to identify brain regions sensitive to emotion-specific acoustic parameters in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three pseudo-words in the form of one stimulus were consecutively spoken with neutral and angry prosody. Then, we changed the acoustic parameters (mean fundamental frequency [F0], intensity, and speech tempo) in angry prosody. The stimuli were presented in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to detect anger or neutrality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stronger activation in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and Heschl's gyrus (HG) was observed when the mean F0 converted from 300 Hz to 250 Hz. Increased activity in the right posterior STG and posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) was revealed in more intensity anger prosody. Moreover, we found stronger activity in the right mid-STG, MTG, and the left STG in a faster speech tempo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the increased activity in the STG and MTG of both hemispheres following the more intense anger (lower fundamental frequency, more intensity, and faster speech tempo), a more intense comprehension of anger may result from the sending different information from these regions to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbital frontal cortex (OFC).</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 2","pages":"461-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Low-frequency rTMS and CBT in Reducing Symptoms Severity and Improving Cognitive Flexibility in Adults With OCD: A Clinical Trial.","authors":"Arash Fazeli, Ahmad Zolghadriha, Reza Pirzeh, Shokoufe Ramezani, Mohsen Dadashi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5047.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5047.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to assess and compare the effects of low-frequency (LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on symptoms and cognitive flexibility of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 24 people with OCD living in Zanjan City, Iran, in two groups of CBT (n=12) and rTMS (n=12). The CBT with exposure and response prevention (ERP) was presented at 20 sessions. The rTMS (1 Hz) was delivered at 100 resting motor thresholds using an 8-shaped coil over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (F4) for 2 weeks at 10 sessions. They completed the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI) before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the severity of OCD symptoms (obsessions and compulsions) immediately after the intervention (P<0.001), where higher reductions were observed in the CBT group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive flexibility (P>0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in any study variable one month after interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant difference between CBT and LF-rTMS techniques in reducing the severity of OCD symptoms, while there is no difference between them in improving the cognitive flexibility of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8701,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience","volume":"16 2","pages":"519-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}