Astrobiology最新文献_第5页

Thresholds of Temperature and Time for Mars Sample Return: Final Report of the Mars Sample Return Temperature-Time Tiger Team. 火星取样返回的温度和时间阈值：火星取样返回温度-时间老虎小组的最终报告。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0098

Mark A Sephton, Kate Freeman, Lindsay Hays, Fiona Thiessen, Kathleen Benison, Brandi Carrier, Jason P Dworkin, Mihaela Glamoclija, Raina Gough, Silvano Onofri, Ron Peterson, Richard Quinn, Sara Russell, Eva E Stüeken, Michael Velbel, Mikhail Zolotov

引用次数: 0

UV Transmission in Prebiotic Environments on Early Earth. 早期地球上前生物环境中的紫外线透射。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0077

Zoe R Todd, Gabriella G Lozano, Corinna L Kufner, Sukrit Ranjan, David C Catling, Dimitar D Sasselov

{"title":"UV Transmission in Prebiotic Environments on Early Earth.","authors":"Zoe R Todd, Gabriella G Lozano, Corinna L Kufner, Sukrit Ranjan, David C Catling, Dimitar D Sasselov","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2023.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet (UV) light is likely to have played important roles in surficial origins of life scenarios, potentially as a productive source of energy and molecular activation, as a selective means to remove unwanted side products, or as a destructive mechanism resulting in loss of molecules/biomolecules over time. The transmission of UV light through prebiotic waters depends upon the chemical constituents of such waters, but constraints on this transmission are limited. Here, we experimentally measure the molar decadic extinction coefficients for a number of small molecules used in various prebiotic synthetic schemes. We find that many small feedstock molecules absorb most at short (∼200 nm) wavelengths, with decreasing UV absorption at longer wavelengths. For comparison, we also measured the nucleobase adenine and found that adenine absorbs significantly more than the simpler molecules often invoked in prebiotic synthesis. Our results enable the calculation of UV photon penetration under varying chemical scenarios and allow further constraints on plausibility and self-consistency of such scenarios. While the precise path that prebiotic chemistry took remains elusive, improved understanding of the UV environment in prebiotically plausible waters can help constrain both the chemistry and the environmental conditions that may allow such chemistry to occur.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 5","pages":"559-569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Astrobiology 2024;24(3):230-274. Correction to：Astrobiology 2024;24(3):230-274.

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0092.correx

引用次数: 0

Proposed Missions to Collect Samples for Analyzing Evidence of Life in the Venusian Atmosphere. 收集样本以分析金星大气中生命证据的拟议任务。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0134

Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Louis N Irwin, Troy Irwin

{"title":"Proposed Missions to Collect Samples for Analyzing Evidence of Life in the Venusian Atmosphere.","authors":"Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Louis N Irwin, Troy Irwin","doi":"10.1089/ast.2022.0134","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2022.0134","url":null,"abstract":"The recent and still controversial claim of phosphine detection in the venusian atmosphere has reignited consideration of whether microbial life might reside in its cloud layers. If microbial life were to exist within Venus' cloud deck, these microorganisms would have to be multi-extremophiles enclosed within the cloud aerosol particles. The most straightforward approach for resolving the question of their existence is to obtain samples of the cloud particles and analyze their interior. While developing technology has made sophisticated in situ analysis possible, more detailed information could be obtained by examining samples with instrumentation in dedicated ground-based facilities. Ultimately, therefore, Venus Cloud-level Sample Return Missions will likely be required to resolve the question of whether living organisms exist in the clouds of Venus. Two multiphase mission concepts are currently under development for combining in situ analyses with a sample return component. The Venus Life Finder architecture proposes collection of cloud particles in a compartment suspended from a balloon that floats for weeks at the desired altitude, while the Novel solUtion for Venus explOration and Lunar Exploitation (NUVOLE) concept involves a glider that cruises within the cloud deck for 1200 km collecting cloud aerosol particles through the key regions of interest. Both architectures propose a rocket-driven ascent with the acquired samples transported to a high venusian orbit as a prelude to returning to Earth or the Moon. Both future conceptual missions with their combined phases will contribute valuable information relative to the habitability of the clouds at Venus, but their fulfillment is decades away. We suggest that, in the meantime, a simplification of a glider cloud-level sample collection scenario could be accomplished in a shorter development time at a lower cost. Even if the cloud particles are not organic and show no evidence of living organisms, they would reveal critical insights about the natural history and evolution of Venus.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability of 20 Biogenic Amino Acids in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid: Implications for the Habitability of Venus' Clouds. 20种生物氨基酸在浓硫酸中的稳定性：金星云层宜居性的影响。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0082

Maxwell D Seager, Sara Seager, William Bains, Janusz J Petkowski

引用次数: 0

Astrobiological Potential of Venus Atmosphere Chemical Anomalies and Other Unexplained Cloud Properties. 金星大气化学异常及其他无法解释的云层特性的天体生物学潜力。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0060

Janusz J Petkowski, Sara Seager, David H Grinspoon, William Bains, Sukrit Ranjan, Paul B Rimmer, Weston P Buchanan, Rachana Agrawal, Rakesh Mogul, Christopher E Carr

引用次数: 0

Venus' Atmospheric Chemistry and Cloud Characteristics Are Compatible with Venusian Life. 金星大气化学成分和云层特征与金星生命相适应

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0113

William Bains, Janusz J Petkowski, Sara Seager

{"title":"Venus' Atmospheric Chemistry and Cloud Characteristics Are Compatible with Venusian Life.","authors":"William Bains, Janusz J Petkowski, Sara Seager","doi":"10.1089/ast.2022.0113","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2022.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Venus is Earth's sister planet, with similar mass and density but an uninhabitably hot surface, an atmosphere with a water activity 50-100 times lower than anywhere on Earths' surface, and clouds believed to be made of concentrated sulfuric acid. These features have been taken to imply that the chances of finding life on Venus are vanishingly small, with several authors describing Venus' clouds as \"uninhabitable,\" and that apparent signs of life there must therefore be abiotic, or artefactual. In this article, we argue that although many features of Venus can rule out the possibility that Earth life could live there, none rule out the possibility of all life based on what we know of the physical principle of life on Earth. Specifically, there is abundant energy, the energy requirements for retaining water and capturing hydrogen atoms to build biomass are not excessive, defenses against sulfuric acid are conceivable and have terrestrial precedent, and the speculative possibility that life uses concentrated sulfuric acid as a solvent instead of water remains. Metals are likely to be available in limited supply, and the radiation environment is benign. The clouds can support a biomass that could readily be detectable by future astrobiology-focused space missions from its impact on the atmosphere. Although we consider the prospects for finding life on Venus to be speculative, they are not absent. The scientific reward from finding life in such an un-Earthlike environment justifies considering how observations and missions should be designed to be capable of detecting life if it is there.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"371-385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different Scenarios for the Origin and the Subsequent Succession of a Hypothetical Microbial Community in the Cloud Layer of Venus. 金星云层中假想微生物群落的起源和后续演化的不同情景。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0117

Oleg R Kotsyurbenko, Vladimir N Kompanichenko, Anatoli V Brouchkov, Yuliya Y Khrunyk, Sergey P Karlov, Vladimir V Sorokin, Dmitry A Skladnev

{"title":"Different Scenarios for the Origin and the Subsequent Succession of a Hypothetical Microbial Community in the Cloud Layer of Venus.","authors":"Oleg R Kotsyurbenko, Vladimir N Kompanichenko, Anatoli V Brouchkov, Yuliya Y Khrunyk, Sergey P Karlov, Vladimir V Sorokin, Dmitry A Skladnev","doi":"10.1089/ast.2022.0117","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2022.0117","url":null,"abstract":"The possible existence of a microbial community in the venusian clouds is one of the most intriguing hypotheses in modern astrobiology. Such a community must be characterized by a high survivability potential under severe environmental conditions, the most extreme of which are very low pH levels and water activity. Considering different scenarios for the origin of life and geological history of our planet, a few of these scenarios are discussed in the context of the origin of hypothetical microbial life within the venusian cloud layer. The existence of liquid water on the surface of ancient Venus is one of the key outstanding questions influencing this possibility. We link the inherent attributes of microbial life as we know it that favor the persistence of life in such an environment and review the possible scenarios of life's origin and its evolution under a strong greenhouse effect and loss of water on Venus. We also propose a roadmap and describe a novel methodological approach for astrobiological research in the framework of future missions to Venus with the intent to reveal whether life exists today on the planet.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"423-441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detectability of Surface Biosignatures for Directly Imaged Rocky Exoplanets. 直接成像岩质系外行星表面生物特征的可探测性。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0099

Schuyler R Borges, Gabrielle G Jones, Tyler D Robinson

{"title":"Detectability of Surface Biosignatures for Directly Imaged Rocky Exoplanets.","authors":"Schuyler R Borges, Gabrielle G Jones, Tyler D Robinson","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0099","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0099","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling the detection of life has never been more opportune. With next-generation space telescopes, such as the currently developing Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) concept, we will begin to characterize rocky exoplanets potentially similar to Earth. However, few realistic planetary spectra containing surface biosignatures have been paired with direct imaging telescope instrument models. Therefore, we use a HWO instrument noise model to assess the detection of surface biosignatures affiliated with oxygenic, anoxygenic, and nonphotosynthetic extremophiles. We pair the HWO telescope model to a one-dimensional radiative transfer model to estimate the required exposure times necessary for detecting each biosignature on planets with global microbial coverage and varying atmospheric water vapor concentrations. For modeled planets with 0-50% cloud coverage, we determine pigments and the red edge could be detected within 1000 hr (100 hr) at distances within 15 pc (11 pc). However, tighter telescope inner working angles (2.5 λ/D) would allow surface biosignature detection at further distances. Anoxygenic photosynthetic biosignatures could also be more easily detectable than nonphotosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic red edge when compared against a false positive iron oxide slope. Future life detection missions should evaluate the influence of false positives on the detection of multiple surface biosignatures.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"283-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chapter 9: Life as We Don't Know It. 第 9 章：我们不知道的生活。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0103

Natalie Grefenstette, Luoth Chou, Stephanie Colón-Santos, Theresa M Fisher, Veronica Mierzejewski, Ceren Nural, Pritvik Sinhadc, Monica Vidaurri, Lena Vincent, Maggie Meiqi Weng

{"title":"Chapter 9: Life as We Don't Know It.","authors":"Natalie Grefenstette, Luoth Chou, Stephanie Colón-Santos, Theresa M Fisher, Veronica Mierzejewski, Ceren Nural, Pritvik Sinhadc, Monica Vidaurri, Lena Vincent, Maggie Meiqi Weng","doi":"10.1089/ast.2021.0103","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2021.0103","url":null,"abstract":"While Earth contains the only known example of life in the universe, it is possible that life elsewhere is fundamentally different from what we are familiar with. There is an increased recognition in the astrobiology community that the search for life should steer away from terran-specific biosignatures to those that are more inclusive to all life-forms. To start exploring the space of possibilities that life could occupy, we can try to dissociate life from the chemistry that composes it on Earth by envisioning how different life elsewhere could be in composition, lifestyle, medium, and form, and by exploring how the general principles that govern living systems on Earth might be found in different forms and environments across the Solar System. Exotic life-forms could exist on Mars or Venus, or icy moons like Europa and Enceladus, or even as a shadow biosphere on Earth. New perspectives on agnostic biosignature detection have also begun to emerge, allowing for a broader and more inclusive approach to seeking exotic life with unknown chemistry that is distinct from life as we know it on Earth.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 S1","pages":"S186-S201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0