Astrobiology最新文献_第10页

Foreword to the Astrobiology Primer 3.0. 天体生物学入门 3.0》前言。

IF 2.6 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0116

Lucas Mix

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In Memoriam: Wayne Lowell Nicholson, March 26, 1958-June 8, 2023. 悼念韦恩-洛厄尔-尼科尔森（Wayne Lowell Nicholson），1958 年 3 月 26 日至 2023 年 6 月 8 日。

IF 4.2 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0100

Jamie S Foster, Tina M Henkin, Tony Romeo, Andrew C Schuerger, Peter Setlow, Robert J Ferl, Kelly C Rice, Eric W Triplett, Patricia Fajardo-Cavazos

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Hardware Development for Plant Cultivation Allowing In Situ Fluorescence Analysis of Calcium Fluxes in Plant Roots Under Microgravity and Ground-Control Conditions. 用于植物栽培的硬件开发，允许在微重力和地面控制条件下对植物根部的钙通量进行原位荧光分析。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0038

Magnus Rath, Michaela Dümmer, Jens Hauslage, Christian Liemersdorf, Christoph Forreiter

{"title":"Hardware Development for Plant Cultivation Allowing In Situ Fluorescence Analysis of Calcium Fluxes in Plant Roots Under Microgravity and Ground-Control Conditions.","authors":"Magnus Rath, Michaela Dümmer, Jens Hauslage, Christian Liemersdorf, Christoph Forreiter","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0038","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining an optimal leaf and stem orientation to yield a maximum photosynthetic output is accomplished by terrestrial plants using sophisticated mechanisms to balance their orientation relative to the Earth's gravity vector and the direction of sunlight. Knowledge of the signal transduction chains of both gravity and light perception and how they influence each other is essential for understanding plant development on Earth and plant cultivation in space environments. However, in situ analyses of cellular signal transduction processes in weightlessness, such as live cell imaging of signaling molecules using confocal fluorescence microscopy, require an adapted experimental setup that meets the special requirements of a microgravity environment. In addition, investigations under prolonged microgravity conditions require extensive resources, are rarely accessible, and do not allow for immediate sample preparation for the actual microscopic analysis. Therefore, supply concepts are needed that ensure both the viability of the contained plants over a longer period of time and an unhindered microscopic analysis in microgravity. Here, we present a customized supply unit specifically designed to study gravity-induced Ca2+ mobilization in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. The unit can be employed for ground-based experiments, in parabolic flights, on sounding rockets, and probably also aboard the International Space Station.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 3","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 10: Planetary Protection-History, Science, and the Future. 第 10 章：行星保护--历史、科学与未来。

IF 2.6 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0112

Jordan McKaig, Tristan Caro, Dana Burton, Frank Tavares, Monica Vidaurri

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Chapter 6: The Breadth and Limits of Life on Earth. 第 6 章：地球生命的广度和极限。

IF 2.6 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0131

Jennifer L Thweatt, C E Harman, M N Araújo, Jeffrey J Marlow, Gina C Oliver, Mary C Sabuda, Serhat Sevgen, Regina L Wilpiszeki

{"title":"Chapter 6: The Breadth and Limits of Life on Earth.","authors":"Jennifer L Thweatt, C E Harman, M N Araújo, Jeffrey J Marlow, Gina C Oliver, Mary C Sabuda, Serhat Sevgen, Regina L Wilpiszeki","doi":"10.1089/ast.2021.0131","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2021.0131","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific ideas about the potential existence of life elsewhere in the universe are predominantly informed by knowledge about life on Earth. Over the past ∼4 billion years, life on Earth has evolved into millions of unique species. Life now inhabits nearly every environmental niche on Earth that has been explored. Despite the wide variety of species and diverse biochemistry of modern life, many features, such as energy production mechanisms and nutrient requirements, are conserved across the Tree of Life. Such conserved features help define the operational parameters required by life and therefore help direct the exploration and evaluation of habitability in extraterrestrial environments. As new diversity in the Tree of Life continues to expand, so do the known limits of life on Earth and the range of environments considered habitable elsewhere. The metabolic processes used by organisms living on the edge of habitability provide insights into the types of environments that would be most suitable to hosting extraterrestrial life, crucial for planning and developing future astrobiology missions. This chapter will introduce readers to the breadth and limits of life on Earth and show how the study of life at the extremes can inform the broader field of astrobiology.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 S1","pages":"S124-S142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Chapter 3: The Origins and Evolution of Planetary Systems. 第 3 章：行星系统的起源与演化。

IF 2.6 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0127

Micah J Schaible, Zoe R Todd, Eryn M Cangi, Chester E Harman, Kynan H G Hughson, Kamil Stelmach

{"title":"Chapter 3: The Origins and Evolution of Planetary Systems.","authors":"Micah J Schaible, Zoe R Todd, Eryn M Cangi, Chester E Harman, Kynan H G Hughson, Kamil Stelmach","doi":"10.1089/ast.2021.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2021.0127","url":null,"abstract":"The materials that form the diverse chemicals and structures on Earth-from mountains to oceans and biological organisms-all originated in a universe dominated by hydrogen and helium. Over billions of years, the composition and structure of the galaxies and stars evolved, and the elements of life, CHONPS, were formed through nucleosynthesis in stellar cores. Climactic events such as supernovae and stellar collisions produced heavier elements and spread them throughout the cosmos, often to be incorporated into new, more metal-rich stars. Stars typically form in molecular clouds containing small amounts of dust through the collapse of a high-density core. The surrounding nebular material is then pulled into a protoplanetary disk, from which planets, moons, asteroids, and comets eventually accrete. During the accretion of planetary systems, turbulent mixing can expose matter to a variety of different thermal and radiative environments. Chemical and physical changes in planetary system materials occur before and throughout the process of accretion, though many factors such as distance from the star, impact history, and level of heating experienced combine to ultimately determine the final geophysical characteristics. In Earth's planetary system, called the Solar System, after the orbits of the planets had settled into their current configuration, large impacts became rare, and the composition of and relative positions of objects became largely fixed. Further evolution of the respective chemical and physical environments of the planets-geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere-then became dependent on their local geochemistry, their atmospheric interactions with solar radiation, and smaller asteroid impacts. On Earth, the presence of land, air, and water, along with an abundance of important geophysical and geochemical phenomena, led to a habitable planet where conditions were right for life to thrive.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 S1","pages":"S57-S75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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DNA Polymerization in Icy Moon Abyssal Pressure Conditions. 冰月深渊压力条件下的 DNA 聚合。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0201

Lorenzo Carré, Ghislaine Henneke, Etienne Henry, Didier Flament, Éric Girard, Bruno Franzetti

{"title":"DNA Polymerization in Icy Moon Abyssal Pressure Conditions.","authors":"Lorenzo Carré, Ghislaine Henneke, Etienne Henry, Didier Flament, Éric Girard, Bruno Franzetti","doi":"10.1089/ast.2021.0201","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2021.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence of stable liquid water oceans beneath the ice crust of moons within the Solar System is of great interest for astrobiology. In particular, subglacial oceans may present hydrothermal processes in their abysses, similarly to terrestrial hydrothermal vents. Therefore, terrestrial extremophilic deep life can be considered a model for putative icy moon extraterrestrial life. However, the comparison between putative extraterrestrial abysses and their terrestrial counterparts suffers from a potentially determinant difference. Indeed, some icy moons oceans may be so deep that the hydrostatic pressure would exceed the maximal pressure at which hydrothermal vent organisms have been isolated. While terrestrial microorganisms that are able to survive in such conditions are known, the effect of high pressure on fundamental biochemical processes is still unclear. In this study, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases are investigated for the first time. The effect on both strand displacement and primer extension activities is measured, and pressure tolerance is compared between enzymes of various thermophilic organisms isolated at different depths.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"151-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10495380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Searching for Life in Hot Spring Carbonate Systems: Investigating Raman Spectra of Carotenoid-Bearing Organic Carbonaceous Inclusions from Travertines of Italy. 在温泉碳酸盐体系中寻找生命:意大利钙华中含类胡萝卜素有机碳包裹体的拉曼光谱研究。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0017

Alexander E O'Donnell, David K Muirhead, Alexander T Brasier, Enrico Capezzuoli

{"title":"Searching for Life in Hot Spring Carbonate Systems: Investigating Raman Spectra of Carotenoid-Bearing Organic Carbonaceous Inclusions from Travertines of Italy.","authors":"Alexander E O'Donnell, David K Muirhead, Alexander T Brasier, Enrico Capezzuoli","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoid pigments provide some of the most common exclusively biogenic markers on Earth, and these organic pigments may be present in extraterrestrial life. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify carotenoids quickly and accurately through the inelastic scattering of laser light. In this study, we show that Raman spectra of organic matter found in hot spring bacterial assemblages exhibit \"spectral overprinting\" of the carotenoid spectrum by the carbon spectrum as the organic matter progressively breaks down. Here, we present how, with increasing thermal maturity, the relative intensity of the carotenoid spectrum increases, and as maturity increases a low-intensity carbon spectrum forms in the same region as the carotenoid spectrum. This carbon spectrum increases in intensity as the thermal maturity increases further, progressively obscuring the carotenoid spectrum until only the carbon spectrum can be observed. This means key carotenoid biogenic signatures in hot spring deposits may be hidden within carbon spectra. A detailed study of the transition from carotenoid to carbon, Raman spectra may help develop deconvolution processes that assist in positively identifying biogenic carbon over abiogenic carbon. Our results are relevant for the data analysis from the Raman spectroscopy instruments on the Perseverance (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA]) and Rosalind Franklin (European Space Agency [ESA]) rovers.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89716798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Early Iron Sulfide, Carbonate, and Phosphate Mineral Analogues Produced by Flow-Driven Precipitation in a Microchannel. 分析微通道中由流动驱动沉淀产生的早期硫化铁、碳酸盐和磷酸盐矿物类似物。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0088

Aaron Pital, Megan Bromley, Max Dorn, Jungkyu Kim, Amanda Stockton

{"title":"Analysis of Early Iron Sulfide, Carbonate, and Phosphate Mineral Analogues Produced by Flow-Driven Precipitation in a Microchannel.","authors":"Aaron Pital, Megan Bromley, Max Dorn, Jungkyu Kim, Amanda Stockton","doi":"10.1089/ast.2021.0088","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2021.0088","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the chemical and physical interactions of interest to the astrobiology community are influenced by the mineralogy of the systems under consideration. Often, this mineralogy occurs in sediment or sediment-like aqueous microenvironments in which the early minerals differ dramatically from the mature version that results from a long diagenesis, which are tied to complex interactions of pH, redox state, concentration, and temperature. This interconnectedness is difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting yet is essential to understanding how the physical and chemical demands of living systems alter and are altered by their geological context. We present a facile means for producing precipitated mineral analogues within a microchannel and demonstrate its analytical efficacy through instrumental and modeling techniques. We show that amorphous, early-stage analogues of iron sulfide, iron carbonate, and iron phosphate can be formed at the boundary between flowing solutions, modeled on the microscale, and analyzed by standard instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 2","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic Input to Titan's Subsurface Ocean Through Impact Cratering. 通过撞击陨石坑向土卫六地表下海洋输入有机物。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0055

Catherine Neish, Michael J Malaska, Christophe Sotin, Rosaly M C Lopes, Conor A Nixon, Antonin Affholder, Audrey Chatain, Charles Cockell, Kendra K Farnsworth, Peter M Higgins, Kelly E Miller, Krista M Soderlund

{"title":"Organic Input to Titan's Subsurface Ocean Through Impact Cratering.","authors":"Catherine Neish, Michael J Malaska, Christophe Sotin, Rosaly M C Lopes, Conor A Nixon, Antonin Affholder, Audrey Chatain, Charles Cockell, Kendra K Farnsworth, Peter M Higgins, Kelly E Miller, Krista M Soderlund","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0055","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0055","url":null,"abstract":"Titan has an organic-rich atmosphere and surface with a subsurface liquid water ocean that may represent a habitable environment. In this work, we determined the amount of organic material that can be delivered from Titan's surface to its ocean through impact cratering. We assumed that Titan's craters produce impact melt deposits composed of liquid water that can founder in its lower-density ice crust and estimated the amount of organic molecules that could be incorporated into these melt lenses. We used known yields for HCN and Titan haze hydrolysis to determine the amount of glycine produced in the melt lenses and found a range of possible flux rates of glycine from the surface to the subsurface ocean. These ranged from 0 to 1011 mol/Gyr for HCN hydrolysis and from 0 to 1014 mol/Gyr for haze hydrolysis. These fluxes suggest an upper limit for biomass productivity of ∼103 kgC/year from a glycine fermentation metabolism. This upper limit is significantly less than recent estimates of the hypothetical biomass production supported by Enceladus's subsurface ocean. Unless biologically available compounds can be sourced from Titan's interior, or be delivered from the surface by other mechanisms, our calculations suggest that even the most organic-rich ocean world in the Solar System may not be able to support a large biosphere.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0