Astrobiology最新文献_第9页

The Astrobiological Potential of the Uranian Moon System. 天王星月球系统的天体生物学潜力。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0045

Jessica M Weber, Erin J Leonard

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A Bayesian Analysis of the Probability of the Origin of Life Per Site Conducive to Abiogenesis. 贝叶斯分析法分析每个有利于生物发生的地点的生命起源概率。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0037

Manasvi Lingam, Ruth Nichols, Amedeo Balbi

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In Memoriam: David Hochberg February 3, 1957-December 30, 2023. 悼念戴维-霍赫伯格（David Hochberg），1957 年 2 月 3 日--2023 年 12 月 30 日。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0030

Celia Blanco, Thomas Buhse, Pedro Cintas, Isabel Herreros, Jean-Claude Micheau, Federico Morán, Juan Pérez-Mercader, Josep M Ribó, Michael Stich, Cristóbal Viedma

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Evaluating Pigments as a Biosignature: Abiotic/Prebiotic Synthesis of Pigments and Pigment Mimics in Planetary Environments. 评估作为生物特征的色素：行星环境中色素和色素模拟物的非生物/前生物合成。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0006

Laura E Rodriguez, Jessica M Weber, Laura M Barge

{"title":"Evaluating Pigments as a Biosignature: Abiotic/Prebiotic Synthesis of Pigments and Pigment Mimics in Planetary Environments.","authors":"Laura E Rodriguez, Jessica M Weber, Laura M Barge","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Pigments serve a multitude of functions in biology including light harvesting for photosynthesis, radiation protection, membrane support, and defense. The ubiquity of pigments-especially within extremophiles found in high-radiation, high-salinity, and dry environments-and their detectability via mission-ready techniques have elevated these molecules as promising targets in the search for evidence of life elsewhere. Moreover, the detection of pigments has been proposed as a \"smoking gun\" for extraterrestrial life as it has been suggested that these molecules cannot be generated abiotically. However, while pigments may hold promise as a biosignature, current understanding of their possible prebiotic origins remains understudied and uncertain. Better understanding of the abiotic synthesis of pigments is critical for evaluating the biogenicity of any pigment detected during missions, including by the Mars Perseverance rover or from returned samples. Compounding this uncertainty is the broad definition of pigment as it includes any compound capable of absorbing visible light and by itself does not specify a particular chemical motif. While not experimentally verified, there are promising prebiotic routes for generating pigments including hemes, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Herein, we review the biochemistry of pigments, the inherent assumptions made when searching for these molecules in the field, their abiotic synthesis in industry and prebiotic reactions, prebiotically relevant molecules that can mimic their spectral signatures, and implications/recommendations for future work.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"767-782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Exoplanet Innovators Interview: Sara Seager Interviews Dave Charbonneau. 系外行星创新者访谈：Sara Seager 采访 Dave Charbonneau。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0101

Sara Seager

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Life Detection on Icy Moons Using Flow Cytometry and Intrinsically Fluorescent Biomolecules. 利用流式细胞仪和本征荧光生物分子探测冰月上的生命。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0050

Matthew L Wallace, Nicholas Tallarida, Wayne W Schubert, James Lambert

{"title":"Life Detection on Icy Moons Using Flow Cytometry and Intrinsically Fluorescent Biomolecules.","authors":"Matthew L Wallace, Nicholas Tallarida, Wayne W Schubert, James Lambert","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0050","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous experiment, we demonstrated the capability of flow cytometry as a potential life detection technology for icy moons using exogenous fluorescent stains (Wallace et al., 2023). In this companion experiment, we demonstrated the capability of flow cytometry to detect life using intrinsically fluorescent biomolecules in addition to exogenous stains. We used a method similar to our previous work to positively identify six classes of intrinsically fluorescent biomolecules: flavins, carotenoids, chlorophyll, tryptophan, NAD+, and NAD(P)H. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this method with six known organisms and known abiotic material and showed that the cytometer is easily able to distinguish the known organisms and the known abiotic material by using the intrinsic fluorescence of these six biomolecules. To simulate a life detection experiment on an icy moon lander, we used six natural samples with unknown biotic and abiotic content. We showed that flow cytometry can identify all six intrinsically fluorescent biomolecules and can separate the biotic material from the known abiotic material on scatter plots. The use of intrinsically fluorescent biomolecules in addition to exogenous stains will potentially cast a wider net for life detection on icy moons using flow cytometry.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 7","pages":"710-720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Identity and Community for Early Career Professionals in the Emerging Field of Astrobiology. 在新兴的天体生物学领域为早期职业专业人员建立身份和社区。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0066

Bradford Davey, Hilarie Davis, Melissa Kirven-Brooks

{"title":"Building Identity and Community for Early Career Professionals in the Emerging Field of Astrobiology.","authors":"Bradford Davey, Hilarie Davis, Melissa Kirven-Brooks","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0066","url":null,"abstract":"To support training and foster retention in the emerging field of astrobiology, NASA has funded opportunities for graduate students and early career scientists to develop a community, foster interdisciplinarity, increase confidence, and showcase career options. The design of these opportunities builds on research on factors that increase retention, including feeling competent, having autonomy and a sense of purpose, having a sense of identity, and being connected to others in the field. Findings are reported from retrospective studies of two NASA career-building opportunities, the Astrobiology Graduate Conference and the International Astrobiology Summer School held in Santander, Spain. We present evidence that attendees gain confidence by presenting to, and working with, their peers, and feel competent to express their ideas and interests and build relationships in the field that continue after the experiences. Many say that they feel less isolated and go on to present or publish with colleagues they meet. Their career options also expand by meeting potential colleagues from different disciplines. Based on the findings, participating in either of these long-running programs shows clear positive impact on early career astrobiology professionals.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"24 7","pages":"754-763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Challenging Microbial Fossil Biosignatures from Rio Tinto with Micro-to-Nanoscale Chemical and Ultrastructural Imaging. 利用微纳米级化学和超微结构成像技术揭示力拓公司具有挑战性的微生物化石生物特征。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0127

Lara Maldanis, David Fernandez-Remolar, Laurence Lemelle, Andrew H Knoll, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Mirko Holler, Francisco Mateus Cirilo da Silva, Valérie Magnin, Michel Mermoux, Alexandre Simionovici

{"title":"Unveiling Challenging Microbial Fossil Biosignatures from Rio Tinto with Micro-to-Nanoscale Chemical and Ultrastructural Imaging.","authors":"Lara Maldanis, David Fernandez-Remolar, Laurence Lemelle, Andrew H Knoll, Manuel Guizar-Sicairos, Mirko Holler, Francisco Mateus Cirilo da Silva, Valérie Magnin, Michel Mermoux, Alexandre Simionovici","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0127","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the nature and preservation of microbial traces in extreme environments is crucial for reconstructing Earth's early biosphere and for the search for life on other planets or moons. At Rio Tinto, southwestern Spain, ferric oxide and sulfate deposits similar to those discovered at Meridiani Planum, Mars, entomb a diversity of fossilized organisms, despite chemical conditions commonly thought to be challenging for life and fossil preservation. Investigating this unique fossil microbiota can elucidate ancient extremophile communities and the preservation of biosignatures in acidic environments on Earth and, potentially, Mars. In this study, we use an innovative multiscale approach that combines the state-of-the-art synchrotron X-ray nanoimaging methods of ptychographic X-ray computed laminography and nano-X-ray fluorescence to reveal Rio Tinto's microfossils at subcellular resolution. The unprecedented nanoscale views of several different specimens within their geological and geochemical contexts reveal novel intricacies of preserved microbial communities. Different morphotypes, ecological interactions, and possible taxonomic affinities were inferred based on qualitative and quantitative 3D ultrastructural information, whereas diagenetic processes and metabolic affinities were inferred from complementary chemical information. Our integrated nano-to-microscale analytical approach revealed previously invisible microbial and mineral interactions, which complemented and filled a gap of spatial resolution in conventional methods. Ultimately, this study contributes to the challenge of deciphering the faint chemical and morphological biosignatures that can indicate life's presence on the early Earth and on distant worlds.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"721-733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variable and Large Losses of Diagnostic Biomarkers After Simulated Cosmic Radiation Exposure in Clay- and Carbonate-Rich Mars Analog Samples. 富含粘土和碳酸盐的火星模拟样本在模拟宇宙辐射暴露后诊断性生物标志物的不同和大量损失。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0123

Anaïs Roussel, Amy C McAdam, Alex A Pavlov, Christine A Knudson, Cherie N Achilles, Dionysis I Foustoukos, Jason P Dworkin, S Andrejkovičová, Dina M Bower, Sarah Stewart Johnson

{"title":"Variable and Large Losses of Diagnostic Biomarkers After Simulated Cosmic Radiation Exposure in Clay- and Carbonate-Rich Mars Analog Samples.","authors":"Anaïs Roussel, Amy C McAdam, Alex A Pavlov, Christine A Knudson, Cherie N Achilles, Dionysis I Foustoukos, Jason P Dworkin, S Andrejkovičová, Dina M Bower, Sarah Stewart Johnson","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0123","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0123","url":null,"abstract":"Mars has been exposed to ionizing radiation for several billion years, and as part of the search for life on the Red Planet, it is crucial to understand the impact of radiation on biosignature preservation. Several NASA and ESA missions are looking for evidence of ancient life in samples collected at depths shallow enough that they have been impacted by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). In this study, we exposed a diverse set of Mars analog samples to 0.9 Megagray (MGy) of gamma radiation to mimic 15 million years of exposure on the Martian surface. We measured no significant impact of GCRs on the total organic carbon (TOC) and bulk stable C isotopes in samples with initial TOC concentration > 0.1 wt. %; however, diagnostic molecular biosignatures presented a wide range of degradation that didn't correlate to factors like mineralogy, TOC, water content, and surface area. Exposure dating suggests that the surface of Gale crater has been irradiated at more than five times our dose, yet using this relatively low dose and \"best-case scenario\" geologically recalcitrant biomarkers, large and variable losses were nevertheless evident. Our results empasize the importance of selecting sampling sites at depth or recently exposed at the Martian surface.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"669-683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Preservation and Spectral Detection of Historic Museum Specimen Microbial Mat Biosignatures Within Martian Dust: Lessons Learned for Mars Exploration and Sample Return. 火星尘埃中历史博物馆标本微生物母体生物特征的保存和光谱检测：火星探索和样本送回的经验教训。

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0118

Louisa J Preston, Anne D Jungblut, Wren Montgomery, Connor J Ballard, Jo Wilbraham

{"title":"The Preservation and Spectral Detection of Historic Museum Specimen Microbial Mat Biosignatures Within Martian Dust: Lessons Learned for Mars Exploration and Sample Return.","authors":"Louisa J Preston, Anne D Jungblut, Wren Montgomery, Connor J Ballard, Jo Wilbraham","doi":"10.1089/ast.2023.0118","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2023.0118","url":null,"abstract":"The key building blocks for life on Mars could be preserved within potentially habitable paleo-depositional settings with their detection possible by utilizing mid-infrared spectroscopy; however, a definite identification and confirmation of organic or even biological origin will require the samples to be returned to Earth. In the present study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize both mineralogical and organic materials within Mars dust simulant JSC Mars-1 and ancient Antarctic cyanobacterial microbial mats from 1901 to 1904 Discovery Expedition. When FTIR spectroscopy is applied to cyanobacterial microbial mat communities, the resulting spectra will reflect the average biochemical composition of the mats rather than taxa-specific spectral patterns of the individual organisms and can thus be considered as a total chemical analysis of the mat colony. This study also highlights the potential difficulties in the detection of these communities on Mars and which spectral biosignatures will be most detectable within geological substrates. Through the creation and analysis of a suite of dried microbial mat material and Martian dust simulant mixtures, the spectral signatures and wavenumber positions of CHx aliphatic hydrocarbons and the C-O and O-H bands of polysaccharides remained detectable and may be detectable within sample mixtures obtained through Mars Sample Return activities.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"684-697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0