Astrobiology最新文献_第4页

The Impact of the Viking Entry, Descent, and Landing Legacy on Future Mars Exploration. 维京号的进入、下降和着陆对未来火星探测的影响。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261464024

Ethiraj Venkatapathy, David B Hash

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Special Collection: Early Earth Environments and the Origins of Life. 特别收藏简介：早期地球环境和生命的起源。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261464021

Timothy W Lyons, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, Karyn L Rogers, Loren Dean Williams

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Collection: Early Earth Environments and the Origins of Life.","authors":"Timothy W Lyons, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, Karyn L Rogers, Loren Dean Williams","doi":"10.1177/15311074261464021","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074261464021","url":null,"abstract":"Questions about our earliest beginnings have filled thinking minds for millennia across cultures, faiths, and wide-ranging frontiers of research. Asking where we come from is as fundamental as astrobiology's driving query of \"are we alone?\" These days, we often link these questions as we explore life beyond our planet and solar system. Scientific steps toward answers have been big and frequent, but the pathways remain highly varied. Achieving something even close to a consensus has been elusive. The one thing we all can agree on, however, is that our understanding of Earth's earliest stages, and that of our solar system, has advanced by leaps and bounds over recent decades. No longer must we explore life's beginnings with little knowledge of how and when planetary habitability first developed and, more specifically, what the world was like roughly 4.4-4.2 billion years ago-a reasonable time estimate for the initial steps in the progression toward life. The simple distillation of this view is that models for life's earliest chapters, including experimental simulations of prebiotic chemistry, can and should be designed around an increasingly sophisticated understanding of Earth's initial boundary conditions, including the timing and controls on the emergence of oceans, the atmosphere, and tectonics-along with their coupled evolutions.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"507-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NASA Viking Mission: A Perspective of the Labeled Release Biological Experiment on Mars. NASA维京号任务：火星上标记释放生物实验的视角。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261463026

Jon J Calomiris

引用次数: 0

Viking Science. 维京人的科学。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261461735

Benton C Clark

引用次数: 0

Viking in the History and Future of Astrobiology Programs. 维京人在天体生物学项目的历史和未来。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261463028

David Grinspoon, Rebecca McCauley Rench, Rachel Harris

{"title":"Viking in the History and Future of Astrobiology Programs.","authors":"David Grinspoon, Rebecca McCauley Rench, Rachel Harris","doi":"10.1177/15311074261463028","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074261463028","url":null,"abstract":"Mars has long occupied a central place in scientific and cultural imaginations as the nearby world most plausibly capable of hosting life. This article traces the intellectual and institutional evolution of astrobiology from its origins as NASA-supported exobiology through the Viking missions and into the contemporary framework that guides life-detection efforts today. We examine the oscillation between optimism and pessimism that characterized scientific views of Martian life in the decades preceding Viking, shaped by laboratory experiments, telescopic observations, early spacecraft encounters, and evolving hypotheses of planetary environments. Key figures, including Joshua Lederberg, Carl Sagan, and James Lovelock, advanced contrasting visions of how life might manifest beyond Earth and how it should be detected. Results from Mariner and Viking missions revealed Mars to be both more alien and more complex than previously assumed, underscoring the dangers of limited data and Earth-centric assumptions. In hindsight, Viking's ambiguous biological results highlighted the necessity of grounding life-detection experiments in a robust understanding of planetary context, comparative planetology, and the diversity of life on Earth. We argue that Viking's greatest legacy lies not in definitive answers but in establishing methodological and epistemological foundations that now inform biosignature standards, life-detection frameworks, and future exploration of Mars, ocean worlds, and exoplanets.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"172S-176S"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

20 Years Later: The ALH 84001 Debate in Context with Viking's Results. Lessons Learned and Portals Opened. 20年后：在维京结果背景下的ALH 84001争论。吸取教训，打开门户。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261463036

Andrew Steele

引用次数: 0

Mars Organic Geochemistry-Are We Alone, and Where Did We Come From? 火星有机地球化学：我们是孤独的吗？我们从何而来？

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261460370

Andrew Steele, Chenying Wang, Anushree Srivastava, Karyn Rogers, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin

{"title":"Mars Organic Geochemistry-Are We Alone, and Where Did We Come From?","authors":"Andrew Steele, Chenying Wang, Anushree Srivastava, Karyn Rogers, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin","doi":"10.1177/15311074261460370","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074261460370","url":null,"abstract":"This review of martian organic geochemistry aims to contextualize recent findings of organic molecules in martian meteorites and from Mars missions within the broader study of origins of life on Earth. Analyzing martian organic inventories helps us understand the abiotic processes in planetary environments that are common wherever rocks interact with liquid brines and that likely contributed to the emergence of life on Earth. Mars is only the second planetary body studied for organic molecules; while carbonaceous meteorites, comet missions, and sample-return analyses of comets and asteroids have shown the diversity of organics across the solar system, studying Mars reveals what these molecules are on another planet. Although a definitive sign of extraterrestrial life has not yet been found, the findings provide insights into abiotic synthesis mechanisms that would have occurred on early Earth. At worst, these observations represent the oldest planetary record of organic and prebiotic chemical synthesis pathways that could have led to life, as inferred from the alteration of Earth's oldest rocks. They may also point to potential habitats for past martian life. Currently, samples collected by the Perseverance rover represent a unique opportunity to verify which of the two questions, \"Are we alone?\" or \"How did we get here?\" will be true for Mars. Without doubt, these questions would be best addressed through the use of higher resolution analyses by more advanced and sensitive instrumentation after sample return to Earth. Even if no definitive signs of life are found in returned samples, they would give us the opportunity to study the missing link to life on Earth, that of the primordial abiotic organic chemical processes that could have led to life. Therefore, there are no wrong answers to exploring Mars for signs of life; its secrets will illuminate our understanding of ourselves and our place in the universe, whatever the answer.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"644-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Models on the Prebiotic Formation of Biopolymer Building Blocks. 生物聚合物构建模块的益生元形成实验模型。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1177/15311074251365950

César Menor-Salván, Marta Ruiz-Bermejo

{"title":"Experimental Models on the Prebiotic Formation of Biopolymer Building Blocks.","authors":"César Menor-Salván, Marta Ruiz-Bermejo","doi":"10.1177/15311074251365950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074251365950","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific study of the origins of life is a deep pursuit that exists at the intersection of multiple disciplines. Prebiotic chemistry focuses on understanding how biopolymer building blocks such as amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars emerged and how their chemical and structural space evolves toward life (chemical evolution). Simulation experiments have been essential for exploring plausible pathways for the origin of building blocks under early Earth conditions and planetary environments. Key examples include the seminal Miller-Urey experiment and the polymerization of hydrogen cyanide. Research highlights the role of environmental cycles and geochemistry in shaping the prebiotic chemical space. These processes facilitated the condensation and stabilization of biopolymer precursors, particularly in terrestrial or small-pond scenarios. Noncanonical building blocks, including triazines and alternative amino acids, may have contributed to proto-biopolymer formation. This expands our understanding of chemical evolution. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, particularly in understanding nucleoside formation and the transition to modern biopolymers. This review provides a general overview of the prebiotic formation of biopolymer building blocks and examines both classic and seminal experiments and recent experimental approaches. Insights provided by extraterrestrial samples, such as carbonaceous meteorites and asteroids, also contribute to offering a comprehensive perspective on abiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"589-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terrestrial Abiotic Synthesis of Simple Precursor Molecules Starting from Two Approaches: The Universality of Carbon Reduction. 陆非生物合成简单前体分子的两种途径：碳还原的普遍性。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261454245

Eloi Camprubi, Ben K D Pearce, Martina Preiner

{"title":"Terrestrial Abiotic Synthesis of Simple Precursor Molecules Starting from Two Approaches: The Universality of Carbon Reduction.","authors":"Eloi Camprubi, Ben K D Pearce, Martina Preiner","doi":"10.1177/15311074261454245","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074261454245","url":null,"abstract":"To address the chemistry responsible for life's emergence, we examine the simple chemicals accessible on early Earth and the processes that could have transformed them. We focus on carbon reduction as a process central to the direct precursors of life. Two main approaches for the emergence of life's building blocks and their associated functions are discussed. One approach investigates chemical routes for forming life's building blocks via processes that worked differently from those of extant life, referred to as \"unrestricted\" prebiotic chemistries. The other approach establishes a direct mechanistic connection between prebiotic building blocks and extant biochemistry, referred to as \"lifelike\" prebiotic chemistries. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of early Earth's conditions, which makes it difficult to constrain the possible locations and mechanisms of life's emergence and the sources of precursors. Although numerous differences remain between the main origin-of-life hypotheses, consideration of the geochemistry of carbon reduction is a common denominator of these historically divided hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"578-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fifty Years after Viking: The Promise of Solar System Microbiology and Microbial Ecology. 维京号50年后：太阳系微生物学和微生物生态学的前景。

IF 2.3 3区物理与天体物理

Astrobiology Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/15311074261464013

Charles S Cockell

引用次数: 0