Amanda F Lowell, Jaclyn Dell, Marc N Potenza, Lane Strathearn, Linda C Mayes, Helena J V Rutherford
{"title":"Adult attachment is related to maternal neural response to infant cues: an ERP study.","authors":"Amanda F Lowell, Jaclyn Dell, Marc N Potenza, Lane Strathearn, Linda C Mayes, Helena J V Rutherford","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1880057","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1880057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal attachment security is an important predictor of caregiving . However, little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms by which attachment influences processing of infant cues, a critical component of caregiving. We examined whether attachment security, measured by the Adult Attachment Interview, might relate to neural responses to infant cues using event-related potentials. Secure (<i>n</i>=35) and insecure (<i>n</i>=24) mothers viewed photographs of infant faces and heard recordings of infant vocalizations while electroencephalography was recorded. We examined initial processing of infant faces (N170) and cries (N100), and attentional allocation to infant faces and cries (P300). Secure mothers were significantly faster than insecure mothers to orient to infant cries (N100), structurally encode their own infant's face (N170), and attend to infant faces (P300). These differences may elucidate mechanisms underlying how attachment may shape neural processing of infant cues and highlight the use ofsocial neuroscientific approaches in examining clinically relevant aspects of attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"71-88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10861024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9178924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie Kungl, Pascal Vrticka, Christine Heinisch, Matthias W Beckmann, Peter A Fasching, Clara Ziegler, Gottfried Spangler
{"title":"Deactivating attachment strategies associate with early processing of facial emotion and familiarity in middle childhood: an ERP study.","authors":"Melanie Kungl, Pascal Vrticka, Christine Heinisch, Matthias W Beckmann, Peter A Fasching, Clara Ziegler, Gottfried Spangler","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2022.2132050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2132050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurophysiological evidence suggests associations between attachment and the neural processing of emotion expressions. This study asks whether this relationship is also evident in middle childhood, and how it is affected by facial familiarity. Attachment strategies (deactivation, hyperactivation) were assessed in 51 children (9 - 11 years) using a story stem completion task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during children's passive viewing of mother and stranger emotional faces (angry/happy). At the stage of facial information encoding (N250), attachment deactivation was associated with a pattern pointing to increased vigilance towards angry faces. Further, the attention-driven LPP was increased to happy mother faces as highly salient stimuli overall, but not in children scoring high on deactivation. These children did not discriminate between mothers' facial emotions and showed a general attentional withdrawal from facial stimuli. While our results on attachment deactivation support a two-stage processing model, no effect of hyperactivation was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"199-217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9299769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between attachment anxiety and the gaze direction-related N170.","authors":"Nicolas Burra, Pascal Vrtička","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2022.2091337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2091337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment theory suggests that interindividual differences in attachment security versus insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) contribute to the ways in which people perceive social emotional signals, particularly from the human face. Among different facial features, eye gaze conveys crucial information for social interaction, with a straight gaze triggering different cognitive and emotional processes as compared to an averted gaze. It remains unknown, however, how interindividual differences in attachment associate with early face encoding in the context of a straight versus averted gaze. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and recording event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the N170 component, the present study (<i>N</i> = 50 healthy adults) measured how the characteristics of attachment anxiety and avoidance relate to the encoding of faces with respect to gaze direction and head orientation. Our findings reveal a significant relationship between gaze direction (irrespective of head orientation) and attachment anxiety on the interhemispheric (i.e. right) asymmetry of the N170 and thus provide evidence for an association between attachment anxiety and eye gaze processing during early visual face encoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"181-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10739805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attachment dimensions and cortisol responses during the strange situation among young children adopted internationally.","authors":"Nila Shakiba, K Lee Raby","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1896445","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1896445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children's attachments to their parents may help regulate their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes. Prior research has largely focused on children with relatively consistent and low-risk caregiving histories, resulting in limited knowledge about the associations between attachment quality and HPA axis reactivity among children who have experienced early adversity. This study investigated whether dimensional measures of attachment quality were associated with HPA responses to the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) among 64 children ages 11-33 months adopted internationally from institutional or foster care. Children who showed high levels of attachment avoidance exhibited a blunted cortisol response during the SSP. Conversely, children who sought proximity and contact with their adoptive parents exhibited an increase in cortisol reactivity during the SSP, followed by a return to baseline levels after the completion of the procedure. This association was independent of the previously reported association between parental insensitivity and blunted cortisol responses in this sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8664559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10721114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Houbrechts, B Cuyvers, L Goossens, P Bijttebier, A S Bröhl, F Calders, V Chubar, S Claes, F Geukens, K Van Leeuwen, W Van Den Noortgate, S Weyn, G Bosmans
{"title":"Parental support and insecure attachment development: the cortisol stress response as a moderator.","authors":"M Houbrechts, B Cuyvers, L Goossens, P Bijttebier, A S Bröhl, F Calders, V Chubar, S Claes, F Geukens, K Van Leeuwen, W Van Den Noortgate, S Weyn, G Bosmans","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1907968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1907968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study investigated whether variations at the level of the cortisol stress response moderate the association between parental support and attachment development. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a one-year longitudinal study with two waves in which 101 children (56% girls, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 11.15, <i>SD</i><sub>age</sub> = 0.70) participated. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were measured at baseline (Wave 1) and one year later (Wave 2). Parental support and children's cortisol stress response during the Trier Social Stress Test were measured at Wave 2. Children's cortisol stress response was found to moderate the association between parental support and relative change in anxious attachment. A strong cortisol stress response weakened the associated between parental support and relative change in anxious attachment. No moderation effects were found for relative change in avoidant attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2021.1907968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10738206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margerete J S Schoett, Ulrike Basten, Ralf Deichmann, Christian J Fiebach, Tamara Fischmann
{"title":"Brain responses to social cues of attachment in mid-childhood.","authors":"Margerete J S Schoett, Ulrike Basten, Ralf Deichmann, Christian J Fiebach, Tamara Fischmann","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2020.1840791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1840791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical separation from caregivers activates attachment-related behaviors. However, neural underpinnings of this biological mechanism in humans and their development are poorly understood. We examined via functional MRI brain responses to pictorial representations of separation as a function of attachment-security, attachment-avoidance, and attachment-anxiety measured using the Child-Attachment-Interview, in 30 typically developing children (9-11 years). Attachment-related stimuli elicited enhanced activation in the precuneus, temporoparietal junction area, and medial superior frontal gyrus (described as mentalization network). More negatively rated attachment stimuli yielded increased activity in the inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/ACC. Furthermore, ACC responses to attachment-related as compared to control stimuli were positively correlated with attachment-security and negatively correlated with attachment-avoidance. Our findings suggest that processing of separation cues elicits increased mentalization-related processing in children and activation of the salience network with increased negative valence of stimuli. Avoidant vs. securely attached children differentially activate ACC-dependent processes of affective evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2020.1840791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10721101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The significance of mothers' attachment representations for vagal responding during interactions with infants.","authors":"Nanxi Xu, Ashley M Groh","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1876615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1876615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the significance of mothers' attachment for neurobiological responding during interactions with infants. To address this gap, this study examined links between mothers' (N = 139) attachment representations and dynamic change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) while interacting with infants in the Still-Face Procedure (SFP). Mothers higher on secure base script knowledge (SBSK) exhibited greater RSA reactivity during the SFP characterized by lower RSA during normal play, higher RSA during the still-face, and lower RSA during reunion. Findings indicate that mothers higher on SBSK exhibit RSA responding expected to support active behavioral coping during normal play and reunion - consistent with the need to engage infants in social interaction - and RSA responding during the still-face expected to support efforts to calm the body and empathize with their infant during this distressing social disruption. Findings advance knowledge of the significance of adult attachment for the neurobiology of caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"50-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2021.1876615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10721106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atiqah Azhari, Giulio Gabrieli, Andrea Bizzego, Marc H Bornstein, Gianluca Esposito
{"title":"Probing the association between maternal anxious attachment style and mother-child brain-to-brain coupling during passive co-viewing of visual stimuli.","authors":"Atiqah Azhari, Giulio Gabrieli, Andrea Bizzego, Marc H Bornstein, Gianluca Esposito","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2020.1840790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1840790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-to-brain coupling during co-viewing of video stimuli reflects similar intersubjective mentalisation processes. During an everyday joint activity of watching video stimuli (television shows) with her child, an anxiously attached mother's preoccupation with her child is likely to distract her from understanding the mental state of characters in the show. To test the hypothesis that reduced coupling in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) would be observed with increasing maternal attachment anxiety (MAA), we profiled mothers' MAA using the Attachment Style Questionnaire and used functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess PFC coupling in 31 mother-child dyads while they watched three 1-min animation videos together. Reduced coupling was observed with increasing MAA in the medial right PFC cluster which is implicated in mentalisation processes. This result did not survive control analyses and should be taken as preliminary. Reduced coupling between anxiously-attached mothers and their children during co-viewing could undermine quality of shared experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2020.1840790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah M Merrill, Nicole Gladish, Maggie P Fu, Sarah R Moore, Chaini Konwar, Gerald F Giesbrecht, Julia L MacIssac, Michael S Kobor, Nicole L Letourneau
{"title":"Associations of peripheral blood DNA methylation and estimated monocyte proportion differences during infancy with toddler attachment style.","authors":"Sarah M Merrill, Nicole Gladish, Maggie P Fu, Sarah R Moore, Chaini Konwar, Gerald F Giesbrecht, Julia L MacIssac, Michael S Kobor, Nicole L Letourneau","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1938872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1938872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment is a motivational system promoting felt security to a caregiver resulting in a persistent internal working model of interpersonal behavior. Attachment styles are developed in early social environments and predict future health and development outcomes with potential biological signatures, such as epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation (DNAm). Thus, we hypothesized infant DNAm would associate with toddler attachment styles. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm from 3-month-old infants was regressed onto children's attachment style from the Strange Situation Procedure at 22-months at multiple DNAm Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites. The 26 identified CpGs associated with proinflammatory immune phenotypes and cognitive development. In post-hoc analyses, only maternal cognitive-growth fostering, encouraging intellectual exploration, contributed. For disorganized children, DNAm-derived cell-type proportions estimated higher monocytes -cells in immune responses hypothesized to increase with early adversity. Collectively, these findings suggested the potential biological embedding of both adverse and advantageous social environments as early as 3-months-old.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"132-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2021.1938872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica L Borelli, Gerin Gaskin, Patricia Smiley, Debbie Chung, Ben Shahar, Guy Bosmans
{"title":"Multisystem physiological reactivity during help-seeking for attachment needs in school-aged children: differences as a function of attachment.","authors":"Jessica L Borelli, Gerin Gaskin, Patricia Smiley, Debbie Chung, Ben Shahar, Guy Bosmans","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1913874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1913874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we sought to expand on what is currently known regarding autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity in middle childhood as a function of attachment. ANS activity includes multiple indices - respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an index of parasympathetic nervous system activation (PNS) and electrodermal activity (EDA) is an index of sympathetic nervous system activation (SNS). Children (<i>N</i> = 103) completed Child Attachment Interviews and read vignettes describing situations aimed to activate attachment needs (NEED; e.g., getting hurt, which can elicit need for comfort or assistance) and help-seeking (HS; when children experience need and seek comfort from attachment figures), while SNS and PNS reactivity were monitored. Attachment was not associated with children's SNS or PNS reactivity during NEED, but attachment was associated with physiological reactivity during HS: Dismissing attachment was associated with greater SNS activation (higher EDA) and preoccupied attachment with PNS deactivation (lower RSA, greater vagal withdrawal) during HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2021.1913874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10788355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}