Attachment & Human Development最新文献

{"title":"Father-child attachment in Black families: risk and protective processes.","authors":"Fanita A Tyrell,&nbsp;Ann S Masten","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1976923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretical and empirical work on Black fathering has been grounded in a deficit perspective. Scholarship has focused on absenteeism and incarceration of Black fathers, neglecting their positive roles as well as the structural inequalities and challenges Black fathers face. This paper highlights the significance of positive fathering in Black youth development, with a focus on the protective influences of attachment relationships. Structural and proximal processes that may support or undermine this relationship are delineated, as well as how theory and methods on attachment can be extended to support research on Black families and youth development. Culturally and contextually grounded research on Black fathering may lead to refinement in theory and measurement of attachment. Advancing research on father-child relationships in Black families requires greater attention to processes that promote positive fathering and strengthen father-child attachment bonds, particularly in the context of structural racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39402453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working toward anti-racist perspectives in attachment theory, research, and practice.","authors":"Jessica A Stern,&nbsp;Oscar Barbarin,&nbsp;Jude Cassidy","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent social movements have illuminated systemic inequities in U.S. society, including within the social sciences. Thus, it is essential that attachment researchers and practitioners engage in reflection and action to work toward anti-racist perspectives in the field. Our aims in this paper are (1) to share the generative conversations and debates that arose in preparing the Special Issue of <i>Attachment & Human Development</i>, \"Attachment Perspectives on Race, Prejudice, and Anti-Racism\"; and (2) to propose key considerations for working toward anti-racist perspectives in the field of attachment. We provide recommendations for enriching attachment theory (e.g. considering relations between caregivers' racial-ethnic socialization and secure base provision), research (e.g. increasing the representation of African American researchers and participants), and practice (e.g. advocating for policies that reduce systemic inequities in family supports). Finally, we suggest two relevant models integrating attachment theory with perspectives from Black youth development as guides for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8924009/pdf/nihms-1771303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: attachment theory goes to school.","authors":"Sandra Graham","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1976932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976932","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this special issue linking attachment theory and research on racism could not be more timely. This past year has been a watershed moment in history. Almost without warning, our country was hit by a coronavirus that reached pandemic proportions, an economic downturn that suddenly left millions of Americans unemployed, and social unrest precipitated by anti-Black police brutality, along with the nationwide reckoning that systemic racism runs deep in our society. We also know that the negative health consequences of COVID-19, educational and employment consequences of an economic downturn, and societal consequences of systemic racism fall disproportionately on people of color, including African American children, adolescents, and their families. As we seek to alleviate pandemic-related challenges and affirm that Black Lives Do Matter, the time is particularly right for new theorizing and research on the ways in which established theories of development can shed fresh light on the meaning of racism in this society, who it most impacts, and what can be done to mitigate its sometimes deadly consequences. The special issue begins with a conceptual article by Mikulincer and Shaver arguing that attachment security might be a protective factor for those who are targets of racism, just as attachment avoidance might be a risk factor that exacerbates the downstream negative consequences of race-related discrimination. The papers that follow probe the role of attachment style of Black participants in such diverse contexts as neighborhoods, families, the rural South, and psychotherapy, with a focus on multiple race-related outcomes including mental health, emotion regulation, and our physiological control systems. It seems evident across all of these studies that being securely attached – having a close and meaningful relationship with a significant other – can buffer the challenges associated with racism among Black parents, children, and adolescents. Collectively, the articles in this special issue underscore that context is important in studying attachment–racism linkages in children and adolescents. Yet missing from the approaches is attention to school, which is probably the most important context for development outside of the family. Virtually all American children under the age of 17 are enrolled in school and students spend more than one-third of their waking hours each week in school or schoolrelated activities (Larson, 2001). Pre-pandemic, the typical American student spent 6–7 hours a day in school over 180 school days a year. Close relationships of the type described in the attachment literature are formed with peers in school, and as children get older they spend twice as much time with peers as with parents (Brown & Larson, 2009). Moreover, in the García-Coll integrative model, which remains the most influential conceptual analysis of","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39516706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study of the cascading effects of racial discrimination on parenting and adjustment among African American youth.","authors":"Velma McBride Murry,&nbsp;Catherine M Gonzalez,&nbsp;Rachel A Hanebutt,&nbsp;Dominique Bulgin,&nbsp;Erica E Coates,&nbsp;Misha N Inniss-Thompson,&nbsp;Marlena L Debreaux,&nbsp;Walter E Wilson,&nbsp;Dalton Abel,&nbsp;McKenna B Cortez","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1976926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment theory posits that parenting plays akey role in children's attachment and subsequent development. Given the normativity of racial discrimination on everyday life experiences of African American families, there is a need to integrate historical and socio-environmental processes in studies to understand how minoritized parents raise secure and stable children. Results from the current study revealed direct associations between mothers' reports of discrimination and heightened depression and anxiety. Maternal discriminatory experiences were indirectly associated with more negative parenting and compromised parent-child relationship quality, through mothers' psychological functioning. Elevated emotional and behavioral management problems among youth were directly associated with exposure to racial discrimination. Exposure to discrimination during middle childhood facilitated adapted or learned strategies to manage similar situations as youth transitioned into adolescence, with reduced patterns of depressive symptomology. No significant gender effects emerged. Implications for theoretical advancement and future research are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39561100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the \"broaden-and-build\" cycle of attachment security as a means of overcoming prejudice, discrimination, and racism.","authors":"Mario Mikulincer,&nbsp;Phillip R Shaver","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1976921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1976921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment theory emphasizes both the importance of supportive relationship partners, beginning in infancy, for developing a sense of security, and the adaptive benefits of this sense. In this article, we consider bolstering the sense of attachment security as a means of reducing and overcoming prejudice, discrimination, and racism. We review basic concepts of attachment theory, focusing on what we call the broaden-and-build cycle of attachment security. We review studies showing that the sense of attachment security is associated with reduced prejudice and less discriminatory attitudes and behavior toward people outside one's own social or racial group. Finally, we propose theoretical ideas and research suggesting that attachment security can protect against the adverse psychological effects of others' acts of prejudice and discrimination toward oneself. We conclude that, despite large gaps in the research literature, attachment theory is a useful conceptual framework for understanding and combatting prejudice, discrimination, and racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39397473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment to fathers and mothers in preschoolers with an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis","authors":"D. Oppenheim, N. Koren-Karie, T. Joels, Lior Hamburger, Yael Maccabi, Michal Slonim, N. Yirmiya","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2022.2068624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2068624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We examined whether the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) is applicable not only for assessing children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their mothers but also with their fathers. Forty preschoolers with ASD were observed in the SSP with their mothers and 39 with their fathers. Unexpectedly, the SSP was found to be not applicable (NA) to 25% of the SSPs with fathers because levels of attachment behavior were minimal, but all SSPs with mothers were codable. NA children had lower cognitive functioning and more severe symptoms than those not so coded. Insecure children with their fathers had more severe symptoms than secure children, but were not different in their cognitive functioning. No associations between attachment with mother and severity of symptoms/cognitive functioning were found. Attachment was unrelated to parents’ distress or Broad Autism Phenotype. The study raises questions regarding the applicability of the SSP with fathers of children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47972995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do empathy and oxytocin predict responsiveness to a crying infant simulator in expecting and non-expecting couples? A multilevel study","authors":"M. Kázmierczak, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, M. Bakermans-Kranenburg","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2022.2063911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2063911","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Infant crying is a strong emotional stimulus that elicits caregiving responses in adults. Here we examine the role of empathy (measured with the Polish version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and salivary oxytocin in modulating sensitive responsiveness to a crying infant simulator in two groups of heterosexual couples: 111 expecting or 110 not expecting a baby. Sensitive responsiveness was observed during a standardized procedure using the Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale while participants took care of the infant simulator, both individually and as a couple. Other-oriented empathy predicted elevated levels of individual but not couple sensitive responsiveness. More OT reactivity to crying predicted less responsiveness in non-expecting couples, which might be explained by their stronger focus on task performance. This study uniquely combined hormonal, observational and self-report measures in couples, and showed that personality and hormonal correlates of sensitive responsiveness might be studied before the child’s birth with the use of infant simulators.","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment theory’s core hypotheses in rural Andean Peru","authors":"Katherine Fourment, Magaly Nóblega, J. Mesman","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2022.2060272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2022.2060272","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This is the first study aiming to test two universality claims of attachment theory within a rural Andean sample from Cusco, Peru. A total of 69 mothers and their children (6 to 36 months) participated. Child attachment security was assessed with the Attachment Q-set (AQS), maternal sensitivity was measured during three naturalistic episodes (free interaction, bathing, and feeding) with the Ainsworth sensitivity scale and the Maternal Behavior Q-sort (MBQS), and a cumulative maternal risk variable was calculated. Results revealed that most children displayed less characteristic secure base behaviors in the interactions with their mothers, compared to other reference samples. Furthermore, an association between maternal sensitivity and child attachment security was found, and a negative relation between maternal sensitivity and the cumulative risk variable. These results support some of the attachment theory’s universality claims, and suggest new avenues for research on assessment issues in rural samples in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47985709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple facets of attachment in residential-care, late adopted, and community adolescents: an interview-based comparative study.","authors":"Stefania Muzi,&nbsp;Cecilia Serena Pace","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2021.1899386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2021.1899386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, 117 adolescents (12-19 years) from three groups (39 each), two groups from adverse caregiving environments as placed in residential-care (RC; i.e. istitutions) or late-adopted (LA; i.e. adopted after 12 months), and one of low-risk community adolescents (COM), were compared for the attachment distribution of categories in the Friends and Family Interview (FFI), and in several attachment-related domains where RC and LA showed difficulties during childhood. Only institutionalized adolescents showed more insecure and disorganized categories than both late-adopted and community peers, who did not differ. In the attachment-related domains, only RCs showed lower coherence, reflective functioning, secure-base/safe-haven parents, social and school competence, adaptive response, and more parental anger and derogation than the other two groups. Late-adoptees only showed higher hostility towards sibling(s) than COM.Therefore, only residential-care adolescents were at \"high-risk\" in attachment, but the analysis of attachment-related domains helped to detect vulnerabilities in both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2021.1899386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25479122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of maternal sensitivity and embodied mentalizing with infant-mother attachment security at one year in depressed and non-depressed dyads.","authors":"Mette Skovgaard Væver,&nbsp;Katharina Cordes,&nbsp;Anne Christine Stuart,&nbsp;Anne Tharner,&nbsp;Dana Shai,&nbsp;Rose Spencer,&nbsp;Johanne Smith-Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2020.1861035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1861035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental Embodied Mentalizing (PEM) captures the parent's capacity to extrapolate the child's mental states from movement and respond on a nonverbal level. Little is known about PEM's relation to other established measures of parent-child interactive behavior, such as maternal sensitivity and attachment. This is investigated in a sample of four months old infants and mothers with (<i>n</i> = 27) and without a diagnosis of postpartum depression (<i>n</i> = 44). Video-recorded infant-mother interactions were coded independently using PEM and Coding Interactive Behavior. Attachment was assessed at 13 months using the Strange Situation Procedure. Sensitivity and PEM was positively associated, but only sensitivity predicted attachment security and only the nonclinical group. This indicates that PEM and sensitivity are moderately related as well as capturing different aspects of infant-mother interactions. The study confirms previous findings of sensitivity predicting attachment in nonclinical groups. More research is required to further understand predictors of attachment in clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14616734.2020.1861035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38734077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}