{"title":"In defense of unresolved attachment: re-modelling intergenerational transmission of attachment.","authors":"Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Naomichi Makino","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2187851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2187851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intergenerational transmission of attachment is one of the core hypotheses of attachment theory. How parents or other caregivers look back on their childhood attachment experiences is suggested to shape their infants' attachments. In the current paper, we show that a new twist to correspondence analysis (Canonical Correlation Analysis [CCA]) of cross-tabulated attachment classifications with oblique rotation Correspondence Analysis (CA) may uncover the latent structure of intergenerational transmission showing the unique role of parental Unresolved representations in predicting infant Disorganized attachments. Our model of intergenerational transmission of attachment supports predicted associations between parental and infant attachments. Despite growing skepticism about the validity of parental Unresolved trauma and infant Disorganized attachment, we come to an evidence-based statistical defense of these generative clinical components of attachment theory awaiting a substantive experimentum crucis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
{"title":"Innovations in attachment-based interventions in pandemic times: feasibility of online attachment-based interventions.","authors":"Marinus H van IJzendoorn, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2179576","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic Howard Steele decided to organize a miniconference of the Society for Emotion regulation and Attachment Studies (SEAS) on the highly urgent but equally highly challenging topic: “Innovations in attachment-based interventions for pandemic times.” On the 2nd and 3rd of December 2021 this conference took place, of course online, and it attracted more than 250 participants. In this special section we present four papers emerging from this conference, covering online family support across the age range from infancy to adolescence. Various labels are used for online parenting support interventions (virtual, digital, online, hybrid, eHealth type, etc.), but they all share a common goal, that is, reaching families in need of support at distant places or during extraordinarily stressful times that make face-to-face coaching less feasible or even impossible. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have affected both the physical and mental health of parents and children. The “Stress in America” pandemic survey found large weight gains in the population, with parents being among those who gained the most weight during lockdowns. Many parents reported increased stress and sleeping problems and some turned to drinking more alcohol. The pandemic has also impacted children’s school achievements. Severe learning losses were observed, with those from lower socioeconomic families suffering most. Interactions between parents and children were less smooth during the pandemic. Numbers of online searches for terms related to abuse increased steeply during the pandemic, suggesting more frequent child maltreatment (Riem et al., 2021). Unfortunately, the growing need for support and treatment of mental health issues in parents and children during pandemic lockdowns was met with less instead of more family support. Home visits or group sessions became impossible as in-person interactions with families or groups were disrupted by the pandemic. With lockdowns making in-","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"219-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeing is believing: comment on the special issue concerning online interventions.","authors":"Howard Steele","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2184917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2184917","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of papers about online attachment-based interventions reflect the wellworn saying “necessity is the mother of invention”—had the COVID-19 pandemic not happened, the need for these online interventions might not have arisen. However, the resulting development of these online interventions not only reveals levels of efficacy similar to in-person interventions but also offers benefits that in-person interventions cannot provide. These benefits include ease of scheduling, savings in terms of transportation (minimizing the carbon footprint of the clinicians), and increased accessibility (across all parts of the lab where web connectivity is functional) making the intervention available to families living far away from providers of the intervention and increasing the number of families who can be reached by the therapeutic services. The papers in this Special Issue (e.g) were initially presented at an online conference sponsored by The Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies (SEAS) termed “Attachment-based interventions for pandemic times” that took place on Zoom, hosted by SEAS and The Center for Attachment Research at The New School for Social Research, over 2–3 December 2021. The authors of the papers in this Special Issue were among those who presented their work at the Dec. 2021 Zoom conference.","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"289-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9342770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"eConnect: implementation and preliminary evaluation of a virtually delivered attachment-based parenting intervention during COVID-19.","authors":"Lin Bao, Marlene M Moretti","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2179574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Connect, an attachment-based and trauma-informed parenting group intervention, has been demonstrated to improve adolescent mental health, parental wellbeing, and family functioning. We report on the online adaptation and delivery of Connect (eConnect) and pre-post treatment changes in parent, family and youth functioning in a clinical sample (N= 190) of parents of youth with serious mental health challenges. Consistent with research evaluating in-person Connect, parents reported significant reductions in youth internalizing and externalizing problems, attachment anxiety and avoidance, and aggression toward parents. Parents also reported significant reductions in caregiver strain and aggression toward their child. Unlike prior research, parent depressed mood did not decline, perhaps due to pandemic stressors. Program completion was remarkably high (84.7%), and parents reported high program satisfaction. Uptake by eConnect program facilitators and host agencies was extremely positive, suggesting good potential for sustainability and broadened program accessibility. Randomized clinical trials and implementation within diverse populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"272-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madelyn H Labella, Marta Benito-Gomez, Emma T Margolis, Jingchen Zhang, Mary Dozier
{"title":"Telehealth delivery of modified attachment and biobehavioral catch-up: feasibility, acceptability, and lessons learned.","authors":"Madelyn H Labella, Marta Benito-Gomez, Emma T Margolis, Jingchen Zhang, Mary Dozier","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated dramatic shifts in the delivery and evaluation of attachment-based home-visiting services. The pandemic disrupted a pilot randomized clinical trial of modified Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (mABC), an attachment-based intervention adapted for pregnant and peripartum mothers with opioid use disorders. We transitioned from in-person to telehealth delivery of mABC and modified Developmental Education for Families, an active comparison intervention targeting healthy development. Of 40 mothers then enrolled in study interventions, 30 participated in telehealth, completing an average of 4.7 remote sessions each (<i>SD</i> = 3.0; range = 1-11). Following the transition to telehealth, 52.5% of randomized cases and 65.6% of mothers maintaining custody completed study interventions, comparable to pre-pandemic rates. Overall, telehealth delivery was feasible and acceptable, and mABC parents coaches' ability to observe and comment on attachment-relevant parenting behaviors was preserved. Two mABC case studies are presented and lessons learned for future telehealth implementation of attachment-based interventions are discussed. .</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"240-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10453955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10077166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parental mentalization goes to school: a brief online mentalization-based intervention to improve parental academic support.","authors":"Naama Gershy, Racheli Cohen, Naama Atzaba Poria","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2179578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental support of children's learning contributes to children's motivation, efficacy, and academic success. Nonetheless, in the context of homework, many parents struggle to offer adequate academic support and intervene in a manner that can curtail children's academic progress. A mentalization-based online intervention was proposed for improving parental homework support. The intervention involves teaching parents to dedicate the first 5 minutes of homework preparation to observation of the child's and the parent's mental states. Thirty-seven Israeli parents of elementary school children randomly assigned to intervention or waitlist conditions participated in a pilot study assessing the feasibility and initial efficacy of the intervention. Participants completed self-report measures before and after the intervention or a 2-week waiting period and provided feedback on the intervention. Pilot findings suggest that this low-intensity online intervention can be effective in improving parenting practices in the homework supervision context. A randomized controlled trial is required to further establish the intervention's efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"254-271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9335410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A meta-analysis of the distribution of preschool and early childhood attachment as assessed in the strange situation procedure and its modified versions.","authors":"Audrey-Ann Deneault, Jean-François Bureau, Robbie Duschinsky, Pasco Fearon, Sheri Madigan","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2187852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2187852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This meta-analysis synthesized the distribution of attachment classifications as coded with the Cassidy-Marvin Preschool Attachment Coding System and the Main-Cassidy Six-Year-Old System. These systems have extended scholars' capacity to measure differences in the developing child-parent attachment relationship, and its sequelae, beyond the infancy period; however, the global distribution of the attachment categories in these systems, and the potential factors influencing this distribution, remain unknown. The meta-analysis included 97 samples (<i>N</i> = 8,186 children; 55% boys), mostly drawn from North American or European populations (89%; <i>M</i> = 76% White). Results indicated that the distribution of child-mother attachment was 53.5% secure, 14.0% avoidant, 11.0% ambivalent, and 21.5% disorganized/controlling. Moderator analyses showed that rates of security were lower, and rates of disorganization were higher, in samples of at-risk families, specifically when children were exposed to maltreatment. Variations in the procedure also moderated the distribution. The discussion calls for greater unity around methodological practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"322-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9347831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between mother-child attachment security in toddlerhood and white matter microstructure in late childhood: a preliminary investigation.","authors":"Fanny Dégeilh, Élizabel Leblanc, Véronique Daneault, Miriam H Beauchamp, Annie Bernier","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2172437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2172437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood experiences are considered to influence the strength and effectiveness of neural connections and thus the development of brain connectivity. As one of the most pervasive and potent early relational experiences, parent-child attachment is a prime candidate to account for experience-driven differences in brain development. Yet, knowledge of the effects of parent-child attachment on brain structure in typically developing children is scarce and largely limited to grey matter, whereas caregiving influences on white matter (i.e. neural connections) have seldom been explored. This study examined whether normative variation in mother-child attachment security predicts white matter microstructure in late childhood and explored associations with cognitive-inhibition. Mother-child attachment security was assessed using home observations when children (<i>N</i> = 32, 20 girls) were 15 and 26 months old. White matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging when children were 10 years old. Child cognitive-inhibition was tested when children were 11 years old. Results revealed a negative association between mother-toddler attachment security and child white matter microstructure organization, which in turn related to better child cognitive-inhibition. While preliminary given the sample size, these findings add to the growing literature that suggests that rich and positive experiences are likely to decelerate brain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"291-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9342122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marinus H van Ijzendoorn, Eloise Stevens, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
{"title":"Development of the virtual-VIPP and a systematic review of online support for families during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Marinus H van Ijzendoorn, Eloise Stevens, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2179575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2179575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns made it impossible for parenting coaches to reach the families without digital means of communication. Several studies were initiated to transform existing parenting interventions into hybrid or fully online versions and to examine their feasibility, acceptability and efficacy. We present one such transformation in detail, the Virtual-VIPP which is based on Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD). Furthermore, we report a systematic review of 17 published trials with online versions of parenting programs. Overall, online parenting interventions seem feasible to implement, are well-received by most families, and to show equivalent effects to face-to-face approaches. Careful preparation of technicalities and monitoring of fidelity are prerequisites. Advantages of online parenting interventions are their potentially broader reach, more detailed process documentation, and better cost-utility balance. We expect that online parenting interventions are here to stay, but their efficacy needs to be rigorously tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 2","pages":"223-239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charting the social neuroscience of human attachment (SoNeAt).","authors":"Lars White, Melanie Kungl, Pascal Vrticka","doi":"10.1080/14616734.2023.2167777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2023.2167777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This introduction aims to set out the potential as well as some of the pitfalls of the newly emerging area of the Social Neuroscience of Human Attachment (SoNeAt). To organize and interconnect the burgeoning empirical studies in this line of research, including those in this special issue, we outline a programmatic framework including an extension of our conceptual proposals NAMA and NAMDA to guide future research. We hope that this special issue will act as a stimulus for redoubling our efforts advancing the newly emerging SoNeAt area bridging attachment theory and social neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8632,"journal":{"name":"Attachment & Human Development","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10736714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}