Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00433K
Vivek Rajasenan, Edwin Sanchez Ochoa, Aiden Begole, Amrith Karunaratne, Lisa F. Horowitz, Albert Folch and Dino Di Carlo
{"title":"Pressurized photobonding for 3D-printed inertial and droplet microfluidics","authors":"Vivek Rajasenan, Edwin Sanchez Ochoa, Aiden Begole, Amrith Karunaratne, Lisa F. Horowitz, Albert Folch and Dino Di Carlo","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00433K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00433K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microfluidics has transformed scientific and industrial applications by leveraging fluid dynamics at small scales, yet limitations in fabrication techniques continue to impede scalability and design flexibility. This study introduces a novel 3D-printing-based fabrication method, termed “press-cure”, which enables the creation of microfluidic devices with high resolution, strong bonds, and solvent resistance using commercially available stereolithography printers. By applying uniform pressure and ultraviolet curing to 3D-printed components, the press-cure method achieves sub-100-micrometer channel dimensions, robust bonding, and structural fidelity under pressures exceeding 300 psi. We demonstrate the versatility of this technique through several microfluidic applications, including scalable step emulsifiers for droplet generation, crescent-shaped particle fabrication, and inertial focusing nozzles. The press-cure method overcomes conventional limitations of PDMS and other fabrication materials, offering enhanced geometric complexity, mechanical robustness, and chemical compatibility. This accessible and scalable approach expands the capabilities of additive manufacturing in microfluidics, paving the way for innovative designs in fields such as flow cytometry, microparticle fabrication, and droplet-based assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5663-5676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00614G
Martín Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Ainoa Tejedera-Villafranca, Sergi Pujol-Pinto, Javier Ramón-Azcón and Juan M. Fernández-Costa
{"title":"Myo-MOVES: a custom electrical stimulation system for functional studies of 3D bioengineered muscle","authors":"Martín Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Ainoa Tejedera-Villafranca, Sergi Pujol-Pinto, Javier Ramón-Azcón and Juan M. Fernández-Costa","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00614G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00614G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) is used to replicate motor neuron activation in muscle tissues, enabling <em>in vitro</em> studies of muscle contraction. However, both custom-built and commercial existing EPS systems often suffer from significant limitations, including limited scalability, high cost, and lack of flexibility for experimental adaptation. This work presents the Myo-MOVES platform, a practical solution for stimulating 3D skeletal muscle tissues. The device has been designed as an intuitive EPS system consisting of two main components: a selector and a stimulator that adapts to commercial 24-well culture plates. The Myo-MOVES selector enables targeted stimulation of single or multiple wells, while the stimulator delivers electrical signals <em>via</em> graphite electrodes to the plate containing 3D skeletal muscle samples. The Myo-MOVES platform was technically validated and employed as a proof of concept to investigate sarcolemmal damage induced by muscle contraction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 3D skeletal muscle tissues. Taking advantage of the versatility of the device, we validated Myo-MOVES through the assessment of force generation in DMD engineered muscle tissues and the detection of contraction-induced sarcolemmal damage <em>via</em> Evans blue dye uptake and the release of creatine kinase (CK), the gold standard marker of muscle damage. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using Myo-MOVES to induce and study functionally relevant disease phenotypes in DMD 3D skeletal muscle tissues. These results highlight the system's potential as a valuable tool for future applications in the field of 3D skeletal muscle tissue engineering, including drug screening and the study of DMD therapies and other muscular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5677-5690"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00614g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimulus-Induced Mechanical Compaction of Biological Polymer Networks via Smart Hydrogel Microstructures","authors":"Vicente Salas-Quiroz, Katharina Esch, Katja Zieske","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00477b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00477b","url":null,"abstract":"The remodeling of the extracellular matrix by mechanical forces plays a crucial role in organizing cellular microenvironments. To study these mechanical perturbations, various methods have been developed to modify the cellular microenvironment and to apply controlled forces. However, most existing approaches rely either on instruments that cannot be integrated into lab-on-chip systems or on small probes with limited spatiotemporal precision. In this work, a lab-on-chip system enables spatially and temporally controlled mechanical perturbations of biological polymer networks. First, thermoresponsive hydrogel microstructures within flow chambers are fabricated and their material composition and photopolymerization parameters are optimized. Second, the expansion of hydrogel microstructures upon a temporally controlled temperature stimulus, results in compression of Matrigel and collagen networks. Following compression, Matrigel is plastically deformed, whereas the collagen network relaxes elastically. Finally, the compression of collagen networks is spatially modulated by integrating hydrogel structures responsive to light stimuli. By mimicking the pushing forces of cells that remodel biological polymer networks, the presented smart hydrogel microstructures provide a versatile system for future studies on extracellular matrix remodeling and the effects of mechanical forces on cellular microenvironments in both physiological and pathological contexts.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Programmable Cell Culture Chips for Topographical Manipulation of Living Cells","authors":"Xin-Yi Wu, Jian-Miao Zhang, Meng-Yao Niu, Fan-Chun Bin, Qi Duan, Jie Liu, Xian-Zi Dong, Mei-Ling Zheng","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00803d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00803d","url":null,"abstract":"The micro-morphological characteristics of biomaterial surfaces play a critical role in influencing cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms by which surface features modulate cellular behavior remain inadequately understood. Moreover, current surface designs intended for cell regulation tend to be overly simplistic, often failing to meet the dual requirements of high-precision fabrication and structural versatility. Here, we propose a programmable cell culture chip based on femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography (Fs-MOPL) technology to modulate the cell behavior. The as-fabricated chip exhibits high structural fidelity and uniformity. Surface treatment with O2 plasma followed by poly-D-lysine (PDL) coating enhances hydrophilicity, cell adhesion and growth. We have investigated the migration, adhesion, and morphological changes of 786-O cells on scaffold with varied line spacing, column diameter and hole size using immunofluorescence staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The cells cultured on linear array structures display elongated, oriented actin stress fibers, while column and hole array structures influence focal adhesion distribution and cellular tension. Biocompatibility characterization further confirms the chip's suitability for cell culture applications. Our findings highlight the potential of programmable cell culture chips to mimic complex in vivo microenvironments, offering a multifunctional platform for studying cell behavior and advancing biomedical research.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1039/d5lc00337g
Dong Hyun Han, Yurim Kim, Yu-Jin Park, Dong-Yeon Song, Jongho Park, Jeonghwan Oh, Dong-Myung Kim, Je-Kyun Park
{"title":"Pushbutton-activated microfluidic cell-free biosensor for multiplexed pathogen detection","authors":"Dong Hyun Han, Yurim Kim, Yu-Jin Park, Dong-Yeon Song, Jongho Park, Jeonghwan Oh, Dong-Myung Kim, Je-Kyun Park","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00337g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00337g","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have developed a novel cell-free biosensor based on a multiplexed pushbutton-activated microfluidic device (mPAMD) that enables simultaneous detection of multiple 16S rRNAs of pathogens in a single device. The multi-step target-responsive cell-free protein synthesis process was seamlessly integrated into a single microfluidic device with an intuitive finger-pumping mechanism, allowing simultaneous mixing, aliquoting, and detection of 16S rRNAs through the production of reporter proteins. The mPAMD incorporates multiplexed detection zones with pathogen-specific probes to enable the identification of multiple 16S rRNAs that allow a simple and intuitive diagnostic platform for cell-free biosensors. Microchannels were designed and optimized to achieve efficient sample mixing and even distribution of common reagents, ensuring uniform reaction conditions across all reaction channels. The developed system achieved a detection limit for 16S rRNA ranging from 1.69 to 7.39 pM, corresponding to approximately 10<small><sup>4</sup></small> to 10<small><sup>5</sup></small> CFU/mL of pathogens. These results address the growing demand for an accessible multiplexed diagnostic system while ensuring high sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)-Based Intracellular Conductivity Imaging for Non-invasive Cell Detection","authors":"Songshi Li, Daisuke Kawashima, Zeyang Dai, Nobuyuki Aoki, Masahiro Takei","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00466g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00466g","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based intracellular conductivity imaging is newly proposed as a non-invasive technique for mapping the electrical properties of living cells at the single-cell scale. In order to achieve this, a micro-EIT system is developed, which integrates two main components: a custom-designed micro-EIT sensor and a frequency-differential EIT coupled with a single-cell equivalent circuit-based reconstruction algorithm. The micro-EIT sensor is designed to match single-cell scale and fabricated on a glass substrate by electron beam lithography, which enables high spatial resolution (7 μm electrode width, 40 μm spacing), stable frequency response, and signal-to-noise ratios typically ranging from 50 to 200. The frequency-difference EIT achieves the reconstruction of conductivity distributions of the cytoplasm <em>σ<small><sub>cyt</sub></small></em> and nucleoplasm <em>σ<small><sub>nuc</sub></small></em> through current response analysis based on the equivalent circuit model of single-cell. To evaluate the performance, impedance spectra were measured to reconstruct the intracellular conductivity images in three types of Medical Research Council 5 human lung fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5) with different protein expressions. As a result, <em>σ<small><sub>cyt</sub></small></em> and <em>σ<small><sub>nuc</sub></small></em> of three cell types were successfully reconstructed, which revealed clear differences corresponding to variations in protein expression. The brightfield and fluorescence observation were also performed to verify the EIT results, which demonstrated the reliability of the coordinates and size of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. This work represents the first demonstration of non-invasive intracellular conductivity mapping that distinguishes subcellular structures based on electrical properties.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00437C
Xuechi Yin, Jingxin Hou, Jiayi Zhang, Yumiao Jian, Nosirjon Sattorov, Xinnan Liu, Jianlong Wang, Qingyu Yang, Daohong Zhang and Ibrahim A. Darwish
{"title":"A streamlined lateral flow immunoassay for S. typhimurium using intrinsically multifunctional magnetic nanoprobes for capture, enrichment, and signal amplification","authors":"Xuechi Yin, Jingxin Hou, Jiayi Zhang, Yumiao Jian, Nosirjon Sattorov, Xinnan Liu, Jianlong Wang, Qingyu Yang, Daohong Zhang and Ibrahim A. Darwish","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00437C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00437C","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> (<em>S. typhimurium</em>) is a major foodborne pathogen, posing significant public health risks and leading to substantial economic losses. Traditional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology for foodborne pathogen detection faces limitations, such as the challenging and costly process of screening paired antibodies. To address these issues, we developed an innovative label-free LFIA utilizing carboxyl-functionalized Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small> nanoparticles for sensitive detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em>. Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small> nanoparticles offer unique properties, including magnetic separation and peroxidase-like catalytic activity, which enhance both bacterial capture and colorimetric signal amplification. The proposed label-free magnetic separation LFIA (LFMS-LFIA) achieved a detection limit of 10<small><sup>3</sup></small> cfu mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for <em>S. typhimurium</em> using catalytic signal amplification, with a sensitivity 10 times greater than that achieved with colorimetric signal alone. This approach demonstrates promising application potential in <em>S. typhimurium</em> contamination detection in samples such as drinking water, eggs, and skim milk. By utilizing probes that integrate efficient binding, magnetic enrichment, and signal amplification capabilities, this Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>-enhanced LFIA represents a major advancement in <em>S. typhimurium</em> detection with high sensitivity and without the need for complex equipment. This work offers a cost-effective and highly sensitive solution in portable devices of food safety and environmental monitoring fields for the on-site detection of pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5653-5662"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1039/d5lc00700c
Li-Sin Tu, Tai-Wei Liu, He-Hsuan Hsiao
{"title":"Signal Amplification Using Ab-AuNPs Integrated with LDI-MS Analysis for Diabetes Screening in Urine and Saliva","authors":"Li-Sin Tu, Tai-Wei Liu, He-Hsuan Hsiao","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00700c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00700c","url":null,"abstract":"The global prevalence of diabetes is rising at an alarming rate, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. This study presented a user-friendly, straightforward, and non-invasive method for screening diabetes. Various antibody-conjugated boronic acid-modified gold nanoparticles (Ab-AuNPs) were prepared, including anti-HbA1c, anti-HBA1, anti-HSA, anti-gHSA, and anti-insulin, to enable the specific recognition of their corresponding antigens in single droplet samples of urine and saliva on nitrocellulose membranes, with subsequent analysis performed using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Ab-AuNPs absorbed ultraviolet laser light, leading to the direct desorption and ionization of Au+ ions. This process eliminated the need for an additional organic matrix in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), effectively reduced interference from matrix-related ions, and significantly amplified the detection signal of Au+ ions at trace levels for targeted antigens in urine and saliva. The developed method revealed elevated levels of glycated proteins, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated human serum albumin (gHSA), as well as human serum albumin (HSA), in diabetes patients compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, insulin levels were notably lower in diabetes patients. By analyzing these biomarker changes, we successfully identified the presence of diabetes. The reported method for screening diabetes in biological fluids provides a practical approach and holds significant promise for analyzing other diseases as corresponding biomarkers are discovered and their antibodies are developed and acquired in the future.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00305A
Morgan N. Greenleaf, Gregory L. Damhorst, Eric M. Vogel, Greg S. Martin and Wilbur A. Lam
{"title":"From startup to shutdown: the dramatic rise and fall of the first at-home combo test for flu and COVID-19","authors":"Morgan N. Greenleaf, Gregory L. Damhorst, Eric M. Vogel, Greg S. Martin and Wilbur A. Lam","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00305A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00305A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This article explores the development and commercialization of Lucira Health's innovative at-home molecular diagnostic test, which detects influenza A or B and SARS-CoV-2. Launched amidst the urgent demand for accessible testing solutions, Lucira's product represented a significant breakthrough, becoming the first over-the-counter combination test authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The narrative tracks Lucira's journey from its origins in microfluidics at the University of California-Berkeley, through development challenges, business success and failure. It also contrasts the distinct motivations and technical challenges of pre-pandemic <em>versus</em> pandemic era diagnostics, emphasizing test-to-treat strategies <em>versus</em> rapid results for containment. Despite early successes, Lucira faced insurmountable regulatory and financial hurdles, culminating in bankruptcy just days before FDA authorization. The case offers critical insights into diagnostics product development, regulatory navigation, product diversification, and strategic risk management in push towards home and point of care diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5115-5121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00305a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lab on a ChipPub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1039/D5LC00586H
Noelle Davis, Pooja Mehta, Amanda Kang, Liam Gillan, Jussi Hiltunen and Ali Javey
{"title":"sNails: sweat-sensing nails for unobtrusive, wearable microfluidic sweat monitoring from the dorsal distal phalanges","authors":"Noelle Davis, Pooja Mehta, Amanda Kang, Liam Gillan, Jussi Hiltunen and Ali Javey","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00586H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00586H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present a fingernail-mounted microfluidic sweat sensor, the sNail, that leverages the anatomical and mechanical advantages of the nail plate and adjacent dorsal finger skin—regions that are uniquely stiff and stable yet underutilized for wearable biosensing. In contrast to fully soft, skin-mounted sensors, our device exploits the rigidity of the nail to host microfluidics that remain stable under typical daily finger motion. The platform incorporates a hydrogel-filled sweat collection well and stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) microfluidics, fabricated <em>via</em> scalable laserjet printing and laser cutting. We demonstrate frequent sweat rate monitoring across multiple fingers and subjects during activities ranging from walking to typing, and capture dynamic changes in sweat rate associated with both physical exertion and psychological stress. This nail-mounted approach enables unobtrusive, informative sweat biosensing, paving the way for broader adoption in everyday settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5473-5481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}