Lab on a Chip最新文献

{"title":"An acoustic levitation platform for high-content histological analysis of 3D tissue culture†","authors":"Emilie Vuille-dit-Bille, Céline Loussert Fonta, Sarah Heub, Stéphanie Boder-Pasche, Mahmut Selman Sakar and Gilles Weder","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00153F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00153F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Miniaturized three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, in particular organoids and spheroids, hold great potential for studying morphogenesis, disease modeling, and drug discovery. However, sub-cellular resolution 3D imaging of these biological samples remains a challenge. Histology, the gold standard for <em>ex vivo</em> microscopic interrogation of tissue anatomy, may address this challenge once the associated techniques are adapted. Due to their small size and delicate structure, organoids must be embedded in a supporting hydrogel. The histological sections have low information content because the distribution of the organoids within the gel is not controlled. To address this issue, we introduce an acoustic micromanipulation platform that concentrates and aligns organoids within a histology-compatible hydrogel block. Utilizing an array of micromachined lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers, the platform generates localised and precisely controlled acoustic standing waves to levitate organoids to a prescribed plane and fix their positions within a polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-gelatine hydrogel. Organoids from different culture conditions can be co-embedded in a traceable fashion with the use of a custom-design hydrogel grid. Our results demonstrate that more than 70% of spheroids can be positioned within a 150 μm-thick hydrogel block, substantially increasing the information content of histology sections. The platform's versatility, scalability, and ease of use will make histological assessment accessible to every life science laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2732-2743"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00153f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A membrane-based immunosensor enabling high antifouling performance and sensitive molecular recognition.","authors":"Hiroki Yamashita,Hiroto Okuyama,Takeo Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00031a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00031a","url":null,"abstract":"The fouling of non-targeted biomolecules on sensing surfaces, which can cause a reduction in sensing performance, is a severe problem in immunosensing platforms. The incorporation of hydrophilic polymers on sensing surfaces is effective against antifouling. However, such an approach can reduce the density of the capture antibody, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity and signal output. Here, both high sensitivity and antifouling properties were achieved using a porous-membrane-based immunosensor. This sensor can drastically mitigate the signal reduction due to the introduction of an antifouling moiety by antibody densification in submicron-scaled pores. The ideal ratio of the receptor/antifouling moiety was estimated from numerical modeling. The high sensitivity and antifouling properties of the designed sensor were demonstrated via the detection test of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The proposed sensor exhibited excellent antifouling and high sensitivity with limits of detection of 4.8 and 1.2 pg mL-1 in artificial saliva and serum, respectively. The study findings highlight the potential of membrane-based sensors for practical diagnoses.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrative round window membrane/cochlear microphysiological system with sensing components for the study of real-time drug response†","authors":"Jing Bai, Olurotimi Bolonduro, Pavlo Gordiichuk, R. Madison Green, Henry Hung-Li Chung, Ken Mahmud and Dmitry Shvartsman","doi":"10.1039/D4LC01025F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4LC01025F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Most hearing loss often results from permanent damage to cochlear hair cells, and effective treatments remain limited. A reliable, scalable, and physiologically relevant ear model can accelerate the development of hearing-loss protection therapeutics for injury prevention and hearing restoration. The challenge remains on screening delivery systems for regenerative compounds, and no <em>in vitro</em> screening systems exist that capture the complexity of inner ear properties. Here, we present a high-throughput, microphysiological system (MPS) featuring a round window membrane (RWM) model co-cultured with murine auditory hair cells. It is integrated with a transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) sensor module to monitor epithelial barrier function development in continuous measurements, without sacrificing a sample and thus allowing “real-time” monitoring of the RWM construct progress. The MPS integrates a syringe pump, tissue compartment, multi-channel fluid distributor, and sensors into a microfluidic continuous-flow system, allowing for on-demand sample collections of analytes triggered by the cellular response to the introduced compounds. Drug screening was conducted with protective antibiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. RWM cell and hair cell viability, TD<small>₅₀</small> values, and membrane integrity were measured. In addition, we also designed a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET)-based cytokine sensor to study proinflammatory cytokine release from cells during damaging exposure. The system was employed to assess drug diffusion efficiency, cell viability, and the drug's TD<small>₅₀</small> and compared to published data from animal studies. Cell membrane integrity was also analyzed, and proinflammatory cytokine release was measured using a GFET sensor. We evaluated and monitored the real-time structural integrity of the RWM epithelial barrier using the integrated TEER sensor in the MPS. The sensor's ability to measure TEER and cytokine levels was validated by comparing its readings to those obtained from commercial TEER signal processing equipment and standard cytokine concentration measurements. This ear-on-a-chip design enables high-throughput screening of investigational new drugs, reducing the need for animal models in complex studies of inner ear damage and regeneration. It allows for the real-time study of drug responses. It facilitates the development and identifying novel agents that protect against hearing loss and the design of delivery methods for hearing regeneration compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2744-2756"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro elastofluidics for tuneable droplet splitting.","authors":"Uditha Roshan,Amith Mudugamuwa,Xiaoyue Kang,Jun Zhang,Nam-Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00100e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00100e","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet microfluidics is a transformative technology for generating and manipulating droplets in an immiscible carrier fluid. This technology spans many application areas, including biomedicine, food and beverage processing, as well as material synthesis. Droplet splitting is a key task in droplet microfluidics, which is essential for metering fluid samples between multiple assays in lab-on-a-chip applications. Passive droplet splitting with a T-junction is a straightforward and simple method. However, achieving variable droplet sizes typically requires numerous devices with different channel dimensions and complex channel arrangements. To address this limitation, we proposed a fully flexible and stretchable microfluidic technology for tunable droplet splitting. By externally stretching the T-junction, the dimensions of the channel arms can be dynamically altered in real time, allowing precise control over daughter droplet volumes and ratios. We investigated the effects of stretching on channel dimensions, hydraulic resistance, and droplet-splitting behaviour by theoretical analysis, numerical modelling, and experimental evaluations. The results revealed symmetric splitting at zero stretching and a tunable daughter droplet volume ratio up to approximately 4 with up to 4 mm device stretching (∼16% strain). Furthermore, we demonstrated the suitability of this technology for particle sorting, where particle-encapsulating mother droplets were asymmetrically split by adjusting device stretching. Finally, we demonstrated the encapsulation of microalgae within mother droplets and the tuning of microalgae concentration in the daughter droplets with stretching. This innovative approach provides a versatile and straightforward method for tunable droplet splitting, offering real-time control over droplet sizes without complex or multiple microfluidic designs. This advancement in micro elastofluidic technology opens up new possibilities for high-throughput and customisable droplet-based assays.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D microfluidic analytical device on a single thread for smart point-of-care blood typing†","authors":"Tonghuan Zhan, Hui Niu, Yange Huang, Shuqiang Min, Xianchang Wu, Heng Wang and Bing Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00192G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00192G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper introduces the concept of three-dimensional microfluidic single thread-based analytical devices (3D-μSTADs) for accurate point-of-care blood typing. The 3D-μSTADs were fabricated using a double-sided imprinting process, where hydrophobic PDMS materials were pressed onto a hydrophilic cotton thread and heated for curing. By harnessing the intricate structures of the cotton fibers in vertical channels, 3D-μSTADs can effectively filter agglutinated red blood cells (RBCs) and allow free RBCs to continuously flow, resulting in a significant difference in wicking behavior between free and agglutinated RBCs. This difference eliminated the traditional requirement for a buffer solution and allowed direct observation of blood typing results based on whether blood flow reached the intended area. In our experiments, the proposed 3D-μSTADs successfully classified 105 ABO and RhD blood samples. To minimize environmental light interference and reduce potential personal bias, we designed a 3D printing blood-typing chip (3D-μThread-BT chip), which integrated the 3D-μSTADs with smartphone scanning for automated result readout. With color algorithmic modifications, the chip can ensure accurate, on-site blood typing across varying ambient light intensities by simply scanning the blood flow results. We believe that this work will inspire further research into 3D microfluidic single thread-based devices, unlocking their potential for a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2769-2779"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handheld RPA-based molecular POCT system for rapid, low-cost 8-plexed detection of respiratory pathogens at home†","authors":"Yunfeng Zai, Chao Min, Zunliang Wang, Yongjun Ding, Enben Su and Nongyue He","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00343A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00343A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >During seasonal influenza or emerging respiratory outbreaks, rapid home-based multiplex molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) for respiratory pathogens is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in vulnerable populations. However, existing POCT systems, primarily designed for clinical settings, are often too complex, costly, and reliant on trained operators, limiting their suitability for home use. To overcome these barriers, we introduce a microfluidic cartridge-based system leveraging recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for multiplexed detection of respiratory pathogens in home environments. The microfluidic cartridge is designed with three parallel channels—each integrating a lysis chamber, an RPA chamber preloaded with lyophilized reagents, and an air storage chamber. Each detection channel enables extraction-free, single-channel 3-plex RPA assays, and by combining three-channel parallel detection, the system achieves simultaneous identification of eight respiratory pathogens and one internal control in under 25 min. A novel pneumatic pressure pumping strategy ensures precise flow control through dynamic bladder compression, paired with microchannel hydraulic resistance matching to guarantee uniform volumetric distribution and synchronized flow across all channels. Furthermore, a dynamic mixing method promotes homogeneous mixing of RPA reagents with lysed samples <em>via</em> a bidirectional flow between the lysis and RPA chambers, enhancing assay reliability. Our microfluidic design enables significant miniaturization, yielding a compact, lightweight system (&lt;1 kg) suitable for handheld or desktop use. Its low power consumption (3 W) and remarkable cost-effectiveness ($1.4 per test) enhance the system's practicality and accessibility for home settings. Validation with 356 nasopharyngeal swabs further confirms its robust performance, achieving high sensitivity (&gt;97%) and specificity (&gt;99%), ensuring reliable at-home diagnosis of respiratory co-infections without requiring professional operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2780-2794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the oxygen properties of a hybrid glass chip designed for precise on chip oxygen control†","authors":"Charlotte Bouquerel, Simon Dumas, Elias Abedelnour, Ester Simkova, Giacomo Gropplero, Linda Meddahi, Bertrand Cinquin, Michael Tatoulian, William César and Stephanie Descroix","doi":"10.1039/D4LC01017E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4LC01017E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite its relevance in several research fields, the regulation of dissolved gas concentration in microfluidic chips remains overlooked. Precise control of dissolved oxygen levels is of importance for life science applications, especially for faithfully replicating <em>in vivo</em> tissue conditions in organ-on-chips. The current methods to control oxygen on-chip rely on the use of chemical scavengers, on the integration of an additional gas channel or on the perfusion of a liquid pre-equilibrated at a set oxygen level. However, for precise oxygen control, these microfluidic devices must be made from gas-impermeable materials. In this regard, glass is a material of choice due to its complete impermeability, but its microfabrication often requires specific clean room processes. Here, we report a low-tech fabrication method for a hybrid glass chip, which involves assembling glass components using an adhesion process. To evaluate this chip's suitability for use under highly controlled oxygen conditions, we developed a two-step assessment protocol. This involved determining the time needed to reach a target oxygen level during perfusion and measuring the reoxygenation time following the cessation of flow. Based on a dual approach of simulations and experiments, we emphasized crucial adhesive properties such as oxygen diffusion and solubility and proposed a range of well-suited adhesive materials. Finally, we demonstrated the interest of this hybrid glass chip for on-chip cell culture and cell respiration measurements. This work paves the way for broader accessibility in producing low tech gas-tight microfluidic chips for diverse applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 10","pages":" 2449-2461"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d4lc01017e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of vascular stretch on modulation of VWF and ANGPT-2 in continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-VAD) patients†","authors":"Jay Prakash Sah, Javier E. Dominguez De Leon, Ian C. Berg, Braden L. Cornelius, Daniel B. Dekle, Esraa Ismail, Xuanhong Cheng, Guruprasad A. Giridharan and Palaniappan Sethu","doi":"10.1039/D4LC01065E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4LC01065E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Non-surgical bleeding is a common complication in patients on continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-VAD) support. This study investigates how the transition from cyclic to constant stretch following CF-VAD implantation affects endothelial biosynthesis and release of Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2), two molecules that play an essential role in the development of non-surgical bleeding. Human aortic endothelial and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HAECs and HUVECs) were cultured within a uniaxial stretch device that mimics stretch associated with both normal pulsatile and CF-VAD conditions. Following 72 hours of stretch, transcriptional regulation, intracellular accumulation, and secretion of VWF and ANGPT-2 were evaluated using molecular expression profiling and immunofluorescence microscopy. Constant stretch associated with CF-VADs upregulates transcriptional levels of VWF and ANGPT-2 in HAECs and HUVECs compared to physiological cyclic stretch (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptional increases in both VWF and ANGPT-2 in HAECs also resulted in increased intracellular protein levels of VWF and ANGPT-2 measured using ELISA, western blots and immunofluorescence microscopy, whereas in HUVECs, the intracellular increase was evident only with western blots and immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, constant stretch appears to promote ANGPT-2 release and inhibit release of VWF from both HAECs and HUVECs compared to cyclic stretch. Our study found that constant stretch upregulates the production of both VWF and ANGPT-2. However, while the release of ANGPT-2 is elevated under constant stretch, the release of VWF declines, resulting in elevated extracellular levels of ANGPT-2, but not VWF.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2722-2731"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d4lc01065e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle-integrated distance-based paper device for simultaneous transdermal detection of cortisol and dopamine","authors":"Danilo Martins dos Santos, Kawin Khachornsakkul and Sameer Sonkusale","doi":"10.1039/D4LC00983E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4LC00983E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Accurate measurement of stress marker cortisol and neurotransmitter dopamine is essential for understanding the physiological effects of chronic stress, enabling early therapeutic interventions to prevent adverse health consequences. Herein, we introduce the first fully integrated wearable device comprising a microneedle (MN) patch and distance-based paper analytical device (dPAD) for minimally invasive dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) sampling and simultaneous cortisol and dopamine sensing. The MN patch employs a swellable hydrogel matrix for efficient ISF extraction, whereas the simple dPAD sensor can simultaneously detect cortisol and dopamine through colorimetric reactions. Quantitative analysis was achieved through simple measurement of the colored distance proportional to the analyte concentration using a ruler. The device demonstrates high sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.25 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small> for cortisol and 1.0 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> for dopamine, along with excellent selectivity for both analytes. It also exhibited high accuracy and precision, with recovery rates of 98.5–100.7% for cortisol and 98.8–102.2% for dopamine. These results show that the developed sensor device is user-friendly, simplifies the analysis process, reduces costs, and eliminates the need for complex instrumentation, making it a promising tool for point-of-care (POC) testing for stress and its relative disorders, with potential applications in diagnosing other biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 11","pages":" 2708-2721"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering neuronal networks in granular microgels to innervate bioprinted cancer organoids on-a-chip.","authors":"Jacob P Fredrikson,Daniela M Roth,Jameson A Cosgrove,Gulsu Sener,Lily A Crow,Kazumi Eckenstein,Lillian Wu,Mahshid Hosseini,George Thomas,Sebnem Ece Eksi,Luiz Bertassoni","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00134j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00134j","url":null,"abstract":"Organoid models are invaluable for studying organ processes in vitro, offering an unprecedented ability to replicate organ function. Despite recent advancements that have increased their cellular complexity, organoids generally lack key specialized cell types, such as neurons, limiting their ability to fully model organ function and dysfunction. Innervating organoids remains a significant challenge due to the asynchronous biological cues governing neural and organ development. Here, we present a versatile organ-on-a-chip platform designed to innervate organoids across diverse tissue types. Our strategy enables the development of innervated granular hydrogel tissue constructs, followed by the sequential addition of organoids. The microfluidic device features an open tissue chamber, which can be easily manipulated using standard pipetting or advanced bioprinting techniques. Engineered to accommodate microgels of any material larger than 50 μm, the chamber provides flexibility for constructing customizable hydrogel environments. Organoids and other particles can be precisely introduced into the device at any stage using aspiration-assisted bioprinting. To validate this platform, we demonstrate the successful growth of primary mouse superior cervical ganglia (mSCG) neurons and the platform's effectiveness in innervating prostate cancer spheroids and patient-derived renal cell carcinoma organoids. This platform offers a robust and adaptable tool for generating complex innervated organoids, paving the way for more accurate in vitro models of organ development, function, and disease.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}