Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Perioperative anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine: Crucial role of in-vitro testing.","authors":"Alessandro Buonomo, Arianna Aruanno, Valter Perilli, Angela Rizzi, Manuela Ferraironi, Eleonora Nucera","doi":"10.12932/AP-250620-0890","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-250620-0890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorhexidine is a synthetic biguanide with a broad antibacterial activity and has become an important cause of perioperative anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reactions due to chlorhexidine allergy are usually IgE-mediated. The aim of this report is to demonstrate utility of laboratory in-vitro testing for diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of a 36-year old man who experienced severe anaphylaxis during general anesthesia. He underwent skin tests, specific detection of specific IgE to chlorhexidine and basophil activation test (BAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin tests gave false positive results due to dermographism. So, on the basis of a clinical reaction to chlorhexidine and positive tests for IgE to chlorexidine and BAT, we assessed the diagnosis of chlorhexidine allergy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physicians should be aware of the role of chlorhexidine in the etiology of perioperative anaphylaxis. In vitro testing such specific IgE and BAT are useful in patient with suspected chlorexidine allergy and limitation to perform skin tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"74-76"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25411599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of food sensitization in young children with atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Araya Yuenyongviwat, Vanlaya Koosakulchai, Yada Treepaiboon, Wipa Jessadapakorn, Pasuree Sangsupawanich","doi":"10.12932/AP-250820-0946","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-250820-0946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing skin disease in children and food allergies have been well documented in one-third of children. However, there are limit data about the risk factors of food sensitization in children with AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with food sensitization, among AD children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study, from the electronic medical records of 119 AD patients, aged from 2 to 5 years were reviewed. The demographic data, onset and severity of AD, family history of atopy, age of first antibiotic usage, age of first applying and frequency of moisturizer used, age of introduction to allergenic foods and food specific IgE levels were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of food sensitization was; 60%. The most common food allergens were egg white (56.8%), cow's milk (40%) and wheat (34.7%). The significant factors associated with overall food sensitization were; history of parent-reported food allergies (OR = 4.4, P = 0.001), severe AD (OR = 4.5, P = 0.03) and breast feeding > 6 months (OR = 3.5, P = 0.002). Factors associated with egg white allergies were the history of parent-reported food allergies (OR = 3.8, P = 0.02), and severe AD (OR = 4.2, P = 0.04). There were also significant factors associated with cow's milk allergies this being; severe AD (OR = 6, P = 0.03) and a maternal history of asthma (OR = 10.9, P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe AD was a factor associated with all food sensitization, egg allergy and cow's milk allergy. Maternal asthma was also significantly associated with cow's milk allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38771357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilia, asthma, NERD and the use of oral corticosteroids predict uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after surgery.","authors":"Elina Penttilä, Saara Sillanpää, Seija I Vento, Jyri Myller, Anni Koskinen, Sari Hammarén-Malmi, Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto, Maija Hytönen, Annina Lyly, Markus Lilja, Paula Kauppi, Jura Numminen, Markus Rautiainen, Johanna Sahlman, Mikko Nuutinen, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Paula Virkkula","doi":"10.12932/AP-310321-1102","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-310321-1102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a challenging condition to treat. The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 (EPOS2020) has the following criteria when considering biological therapy for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP: eosinophilia, need for oral corticosteroids (OCS), symptom score, loss of sense of smell and co-morbid asthma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed at finding associations of baseline factors with uncontrolled CRSwNP after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic health record data of CRSwNP patients (N = 137) undergoing ESS in 2002-17 were used. Endpoints of uncontrolled CRSwNP were revision ESS, purchased OCS and antibiotic courses during follow up. Baseline factors were chosen based on EPOS2020 and the data available: nasal polyp (NP) eosinophilia, peripheral blood eosinophilia, co-existing asthma and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD), need for OCS during the previous year, previous ESS, endoscopic NP score, and Lund-Mackay score of sinus computed tomography scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up of 10.1 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) years, 35 (25.5%) individuals underwent revision ESS. The best predictive model was obtained by a sum of baseline (1) blood eosinophilia ≥ 250 cells/≥l and/or NP eosinophilia ≥ 30% (Eos), (2) asthma/NERD, and (3) ≥ 1 OCS/year. It was significantly associated with revision ESS, purchased doctor-prescribed OCS and antibiotic courses during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified similar predictive variables for uncontrolled CRSwNP that are used in the EPOS2020 indications of biological therapy, thus suggesting that these estimates are usable in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39432383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The validity and reliability of the Thai version of the asthma control test.","authors":"Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Warawut Chaiwong, Chaicharn Pothirat","doi":"10.12932/AP-130820-0940","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-130820-0940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Asthma Control Test (ACT) has been widely used for the assessment of asthma control. However, it has never been validated in adult Thai asthmatic patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the ACT in adult Thai asthmatic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Any correlation between ACT and level of asthma controlled was determined using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The ACT was carried out at 2 visits to a physician (4-12 weeks apart) to ascertain the level of reliability. Discriminant validity was determined using an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) to identify the optimum cut-off point of the levels of control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-one asthmatic adult patients, 40 (56.3%) female with a mean age of 54.2 ± 14.7 years were enrolled. The Thai version of ACT showed an acceptable internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha = 0.75. Test-retest reliability was 0.82. There was a significant correlation between the ACT scores and GINA symptom control tool (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). An ACT ≤ 22 was used to screen \"not well-controlled\" asthma with a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 93.0% and an ACT score ≤ 19 was used to screen \"uncontrolled\" asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Thai version of ACT is valid and a reliable tool for use in adult Thai asthmatic patients. However, the cut off points of ACT for levels of control should be changed to 22 and 19 for differentiation between well vs. partly controlled and partly vs. uncontrolled asthma, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39119438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-food challenge test in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.","authors":"Witchaya Srisuwatchari, Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan, Orathai Jirapongsananuruk, Nualanong Visitsunthorn, Punchama Pacharn","doi":"10.12932/AP-250520-0856","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-250520-0856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a severe and potentially life-threatening food allergy. Diagnosis of WDEIA is challenging because reactions are not always reproducible.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the positivity rate of exercise-food challenge test at our allergy unit in order to confirm the diagnosis, and to investigate the effect on the episode of reactions after the test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective evaluation included patients aged 5-60 years who presented at the pediatric and adult allergy units of Siriraj Hospital during 2014-2018 with a convincing history of WDEIA and who underwent a 4-day exercise-food challenge test. Demographic data, challenge test result, and episodes of the reaction before and after the challenge test were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen of the 17 patients that were enrolled were included in the analysis. The 3 excluded patients were found to have IgE-mediated wheat allergy. Median age and time to diagnosis was 18.3 years (range: 10.5-43.4) and 1.8 years (range: 0.3-6.2). History of recurrent acute urticaria before the onset of anaphylaxis was reported in 5 patients (35.7%). Exercise-food challenge test was positive in 10 patients (71.4%). Median mean number of exacerbations per year before and after the confirmation test was 2 (range: 1-10) and 1 (range: 0-3), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For WDEIA, time to diagnosis was delayed, and one-third of patients had recurrent acute urticaria proceeding anaphylaxis onset. Our exercise-food challenge test could be utilized safely in both children and adult and able to elicit symptoms in two-third of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38771356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the outcome of low-dose egg oral immunotherapy and the fold-difference levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 in serum.","authors":"Akihiro Maeta, Yuri Takaoka, Makoto Kameda, Kyoko Takahashi","doi":"10.12932/AP-100620-0877","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-100620-0877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are no indices to monitor desensitization by low-dose egg oral immunotherapy (eOIT).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to examine the relationship between desensitization by low-dose eOIT and the changes in allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out low-dose eOIT in 31 patients with severe egg allergy in our previous two studies. After 4 months of treatment, the patients with no observed allergic symptoms in response to the open hard-boiled egg white challenge tests were classified as the negative group, and the remaining patients, the positive group. The fold-difference levels were calculated using 10 Log (Titer after eOIT/Titer before eOIT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 28 patients who completed eOIT with sufficient serum collected before and after eOIT were analyzed. The median fold-difference levels of ovomucoid-specific IgE in the negative and positive groups were 0.819 and 0.953, respectively (P = 0.082). The median fold-difference levels of ovalbumin-specific IgG4 in the negative and positive groups were 2.01 and 1.29, respectively (P = 0.057). In the receiver-operating characteristic curves, the area under the curves of fold-difference ovomucoid-specific IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgG4 were 0.701 and 0.719, respectively. The challenge positive predictive values of fold-difference ovomucoid-specific IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgG4 were 83.8% (cut-off point: 0.934) and 77.8% (cut-off point: 1.87), respectively. Moreover, the challenge positive predictive value in patients with both 0.934 < ovomucoid-specific IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgG4 <1.87 was 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fold-difference levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 in serum are considered useful for monitoring desensitization by low-dose OIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38882881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel variants in CIITA caused type II bare lymphocyte syndrome: A case report.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Yuko Yokoyama, Yanrong Qing, Cong Han, Jiayi Zhu, Tingting Yu, Lei Yin, Ruen Yao, Jian Wang","doi":"10.12932/AP-020720-0898","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-020720-0898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type II bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS II) group A is a rare primary severe immunodeficiency caused by defects in CIITA, one of genes encoding transcriptional regulatory factors for MHC II molecules.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report a Chinese boy with mutation of CIITA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By reviewing the clinical data of the child and performing a literature search of BLS II group A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was presented with persistent pneumonia, chronic diarrhea, urinary tract infection, rash, failure to thrive and special facial characteristics. The patient carried novel mutations in CIITA (c.1243delC, p.R415fs*2 and c.3226C>T, p.R1076W) which were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found novel mutations in the CIITA gene of BLS II, which complemented the mutation spectrum and contributed to the diagnosis, treatment, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of BLS II.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39119436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diving deep into fish allergen immunotherapy: Current knowledge and future directions.","authors":"Kavita Reginald, Kashaf Nadeem, Ervin Zheng Yang Yap, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff","doi":"10.12932/AP-030923-1687","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-030923-1687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish allergy is one of the \"big nine\" categories of food allergens worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing with the higher demand for this nutritious food source. Fish allergies are a significant health concern as it is a leading cause of food anaphylaxis, accounting for 9% of all deaths from anaphylaxis. The gaps in treating fish allergies at present are the incomplete identification of fish allergens, lack of component-resolved diagnosis of fish allergens in the clinical setting, and the variability in sensitization profiles based on different fish consumption practices. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) improves tolerance towards accidental consumption of fish and is longer lasting than pharmacotherapy. Current practice or research of fish AIT ranges from the use of whole fish via oral desensitization, to the use of purified recombinant parvalbumin and its hypoallergenic variant, passive IgG immunization, and modifying the allergenicity of parvalbumin by changing the diet of farmed fish. However, the focus of fish allergen-based studies in the context of AIT has been restricted to parvalbumins. More research is required to understand the involvement of other fish allergens, and several other strategies of AIT including peptide vaccines, DNA vaccines, hybrid allergens, and the use of nanobodies that have the capacity to treat multiple allergens have been proposed. For AIT, other important aspects to consider are the route of desensitization, and the biomarkers to assess the success of immunotherapy. Finally, we also address several clinical considerations for fish AIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Thai patients with multiple myeloma.","authors":"Aphiradee Theeranawakam, Sasijit Vejbaesya, Archrob Khuhapinant, Pradermchai Sae-Tam","doi":"10.12932/AP-130520-0842","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-130520-0842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in the immune response against multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) regulate NK cell activity by recognizing specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I as ligands.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association of KIR genes and ligands with MM in the Thai population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>KIR gene polymorphisms and their HLA ligands were investigated in 66 Thai patients with MM and 200 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequencies of KIR3DL1 and 2DS4 were significantly lower in myeloma patients than in controls (P = 0.02). The frequencies of KIR3DL1, 2DS4, 2DL1 with C2, and 3DL1 with Bw4 were significantly higher in the patients achieving > very good partial response (VGPR) than those achieving ≤ VGPR after treatment with bortezomib (P = 0.009, 0.009, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests the association of KIR genes with the protection against MM and the association of inhibitory KIR and ligands with the response to treatment in MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39119437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Phlai) on nasal cytokine productions and eosinophilic recruitment in patients with allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Nitchanan Achararit, Phuntila Tharabenjasin, Prapasri Kulalert, Paskorn Sritipsukho, Sira Nanthapisal, Noel Pabalan, Nateetip Krishnamra, Panan Suntornsaratoon, Orapan Poachanukoon","doi":"10.12932/AP-241022-1486","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-241022-1486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Phlai) has been used for the treatment of allergies including allergic rhinitis (AR). Although the anti-histamine effects have been reported, assessment of nasal cytokine and eosinophil production had not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effect of Phlai on alterations in nasal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and eosinophil counts in nasal mucosa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomized, double-blind, three-way crossover study. Nasal concentrations of cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and interferron-gamma (IFN-γ), nasal smear eosinophilia as well as total nasal symptom score (TNSS) were evaluated before and after a 4 weeks treatment with 200 mg Phlai capsules or placebo in 30 AR patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in IL-5, IL-13 as well as the number of eosinophils in subjects given Phlai. The degree of improvement of TNSS after Phlai treatment was initially manifested in week 2 with the greatest effect in week 4. In contrast, there were no significant differences in all nasal cytokines, eosinophil counts or TNSS between before and after receiving placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provided the first evidence for the anti-allergic effect of Phlai which possibly involved inhibition of nasal pro-inflammatory cytokines production and eosinophilic recruitment. Phlai thus represents a promising herbal medicine for alleviating inflammation and AR symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}