Bangladesh journal of microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Electrogenic Bacteria from Tannery Wastewater","authors":"E. Islam, S. Hossain, P. Sarker, S. Towhid, Salimullah, A. Hashem","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v37i1.51205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v37i1.51205","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are the main sources of our energy1. World is facing energy crisis due to its high global demand, depletion of fossil based fuels for energy generation and an explosion of world population which is rising with time2. Burning of fossil based fuels also has a serious effect on environment owing to emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that cause global warming and atmospheric pollution3. Energy crisis as well as environmental pollution situations are very prominent in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is very necessary to find an effective alternative source for energy generation to meet energy demand and to mitigate environmental pollution as early as possible4. Indeed, renewable energy sources such as solar energy, energy produced from wind and water may be the pieces of cogent solution for this energy crisis5-6. Biomass, especially organic waste, is being considered as a valuable candidate. The use of biomass, in the case of waste organics, is environment friendly and regarded as a renewable energy source7. Energy from biomass can be harnessed in the form of ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen cells as well as in the form of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for power generation8.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the in vitro Anti-bacterial Susceptibility of the Commercially Available Antibiotics in Suspension or Solution Forms Collected within Dhaka Metropolis","authors":"Asma Akter Bhuiyan, Mehran Mosharraff Hossain Niloy, A. Chakrabarty, S. Maniha, R. Noor","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45532","url":null,"abstract":"Upon bacterial infection, an array of antibiotics has long been used to combat the infectious agent or sometimes the specific consortium of pathogens causing the disease. Maximum children administer antibiotics in liquid forms; i.e., the dry powder of antibiotics is usually reconstituted with the prescribed amount of sterile, cold water thereby forming the suspension of antibiotics1. Precise reconstitution to achieve the appropriate homeostatic drug concentration as well correct the dose determination for antibiotic uptake is of significant issue during the antibiotic treatment2. During the industrial manufacturing of such antibiotics, the total quality management (TQM) starting from the raw materials ending up to the finished products strictly adhere to the good manufacturing practice (GMP) that is prescribed usually by the food and drug administration (FDA). The final microbiological quality of the finished products together with their antibacterial activities are of clinical significance as comprehensively outlined by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)3. Indeed, the industrial manufacturing of the antibiotics principally based on the large scale production of microorganisms, which later convert the corresponding raw materials into the precise antibiotics by a process called fermentation which further undergoes the downstream processing for the recovery of antibiotics3-4. Though antibiotics have long been used as the effectual chemotherapeutic agents for the mitigation of almost all diseases; however, the unfortunate incidence of drug-resistance has become a major health concern around the world5-7. A number of antibiotics are becoming lesseffective against a range of pathogenic bacteria which is alarming in course of mass public health since such a situation would lead to morbidity and mortality due to simple pathogenic infection onward3,8. Now a days the occurrence of the multi-drug resistant microorganisms as well as the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA),vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species, extended-spectrum 2-lactamase producing bacteria are not unlikely9-13.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47774931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli from Soil and Water","authors":"Anindita Bhowmik, S. Ahsan","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45531","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the basic componentsfor man’s continued existence1. Water plays a central role in the regulation of nutrient transport, toxic waste removal, thermal regulation and digestion and digestion, organ functioning and metabolic activities. But fecally contaminated water is able to spread diseases in consumers to a great number of people2.The World Health Organization estimated in 2000 that there are four billion cases of diarrhea each year in addition to millions to other casesof illness associated with the lack access of clean water3. It is recommended that water supplies contaminated with human and animal excreta particularly feces can transmit infectious diseases4.Out breaks of water borne diseases continue to occur throughout the world but are especially serious in developing countries5-6. Another important component of environment is soil which is the region on earth’s crust where geology and biology meet the land surface that provides a home to plant, animal and microbial life7. Soil teems with microscopic life (bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses as well as macroscopic life such as earthworms, nematodes, mites and insects and also the root systems of plants. The number and kinds of microorganisms present in soil depend on many environmental factors: amount and type of nutrients available, available moisture, degree of aeration, pH, temperature etc. Soil is generally a favourable habitat for the proliferation of microorganisms with micro colonies developing around soil particles. Number of microorganisms in soil habitats normally are much higher than those in fresh water or marine habitats8.Escherichia coliis a common bacteria found in the human intestine. Under certain conditions, E. coli can become pathogenic,i.e., it gains the ability to cause disease. It almost goes without saying that E. coliis an important model organism and has been for more than 120 years. For a long time E. coli has become a common resident of the environment. Moreover, as the environmental conditions are significantly different from what exists in the human intestine, E. coli fails to survive long outside of the human host. For these reasons, E. coli has been used as an indicator of recent fecal contamination and represents a threat to human and environmental health9.However, for rapid detection of indicator organisms in drinking water as well as in soil, the most probable number (MPN) method, which is not that common in usage, might be considered10-11. It is actually a qualitative test rather than quantitative indicating only the presence of coliforms, not their numerical presentation.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"75-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Comparative Analysis of Antibacterial Activity of Different Fractions of Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius Leaves Extracts","authors":"Riad Raihan Abir, Mafruha Marjia, Nadira Naznin Rakhi, Otun Saha, M. Hossain, M. Rahaman","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45530","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is of prime public health concern worldwide and especially for countries like Bangladesh having the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance with high selective pressure leading to the development of antibiotic resistance due to misuse and/or overuse of antibiotics. The recent reports of emerging antibiotic resistance genes, especially the genes conferring the resistance to the last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems has made the scenario even worse for Bangladesh1-2. So, it is high time we should search for alternative options to the existing antibiotics. And bioactive molecules from different medicinal herbs and plants have already gained attention as an alternative regimen and already been reported to yield better results than antimicrobials from combinatorial chemistry and synthetic procedures3. Different herbal preparations have also been being used for treatment of ailments since ancient times4.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (HBV, HCV, HIV and Treponema pallidum in Volunteer Blood Donors in Shirajganj District","authors":"M. Hasan, Tahmina Shammi, S. Kabir","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45536","url":null,"abstract":"Blood and its components are essential for life and often required to be transfused in critical health condition. However, such transfusion is reported to be associated with the risk of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) with notable pathogens e.g. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum. These pathogens are of major public health concern especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Increase in the number of TTIs is found to be associated with improper management of safe blood transfusion protocol (SBTP) and unethical practices. This study focuses on the prevalence of such TTIs in volunteers’ blood collected between October and December 2018 from Sakhawath Memorial and Avicina Hospitals in Shirajgong district. Prevalence rate of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and Treponema pallidum were 1.2%, 6.8%, 0.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Among the infected individuals, 75% HIV positive cases were professionals, 70% HCV infected cases wwere from other professional groups and 50% of syphilis infected were homemakers. Male donors showed higher incidence rate of HBV (65%), HCV (72%) and HIV (85%) compared to the female donors. Although the findings of the study showed prevalence of TTIs in volunteer blood donors (VBDs) at an alarming rate, most of the infected individuals were not aware of their infections and potential risk of transmission from them. It is necessary to create awareness among blood donors about possible causes of transmission and prevention of infection . Such initiative from both governmental and non-governmental organizations can help reduce TTIs among VBDs. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 105-109","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Quality Analysis of Popular Fluids and Drinks Sold in Bashundhara Residential Area, Dhaka","authors":"T. Tabassum, T. Tabassum, Asma Akter Bhuiyan, Mehran Mosharraff Hossain Niloy, S. Maniha, R. Noor","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45538","url":null,"abstract":"one of the important steps is to well regulate the quality of different food items. Food safety has now become a major health issue since lots of cases have been found so far round the globe whereby mass people suffer from various disease outbreaks only due to microbiologically contaminated foods1-3. A range of microbiological study on different food items by different research groups round the globe revealed the association of food borne microorganisms with the studied samples. The predominant bacteria within the food samples has been reported to be Staphylococcus spp., the enteric bacteria, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Listeria spp., Brucella spp., Campylobacter spp., Arcobacter spp., and Cronobacter spp., which were responsible for the food borne infection, intoxication and the toxicoinfection2,4.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"115-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43305115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Thermotolerant Lactobacilli Isolated from Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract for Probiotic Use in Poultry Feeds","authors":"M. Rahaman, M. Hossain, N. C. Das, M. Ahmed, M. Hoque","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45529","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Probiotic microorganisms and organic acids maintain the beneficial effect as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in feeds1. A probiotic is a “live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance”2-3. Antibiotics have been supplemented to animal and poultry feed to improve growth performance and efficiency; protect animals from adverse effects of pathogenic and non-pathogenic enteric microorganisms4. There are also reports that antibiotics could increase the colonization of the chicken gut by salmonellae, creating a potential public health problem5. The feeding of antibiotics also resulted in the retention of antibiotics in animal tissue, imbalances in normal intestinal flora, reduced beneficial intestinal microbial populations, and the generation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To overcome these problems, efforts have been directed towards the development and use of probiotics in food animals6. Probiotic supplementation of the intestinal microflora in poultry, especially with Lactobacillus species, showed beneficial effects on resistance to infectious agents such as Escherichia coli7, Salmonella spp.8. The significant roles of probiotics activities are determined in improving digestive functions, as well in immune system against infectious diseases9. The natural intestinal flora is a protective barrier against pathogens that can also affect nutrient digestion and absorption. Commercial probiotics constitute single or multiple strains of beneficial bacteria. Among the potential probiotics, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are reported to have important effects in animals10. In vivo studies investigating health benefits of potential probiotics are time-consuming and often expensive; hence, the consequent use of in vitro tests as selection criteria to reduce the number of strains and find the most effective organism is unavoidable. Antimicrobial effects are major characteristics in the selection of LAB as probiotic candidates because these attributes provide competitiveness against enteric pathogens and reduce their colonization11. Recent studies have focused on improving the probiotic efficacy and represent more applicable supplements in poultry nutrition. The aim of the research work was to identify thermotolerant lactobacilli strains isolated from gastrointestinal digestive tracts of broiler chiken and study their responses to the criteria’s selection probiotic in order to select strains to be used as probiotic in the poultry feed.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Antibiotics: Anti-Bacterial Activity or Microbial Drug Resistance?","authors":"R. Noor, S. Maniha, Taskina Murshed, M. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45537","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic, for example, penicillin, cephalosporin, streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, griseofulvin, etc. is well defined by Huggo and Russell as the substance produced by a microorganism (mostly Streptomyces species, Penicillium spp., Bacillus, Micromonospora purpurea; Pseudomonas acidophila or Gluconobacter, etc.), or as an analogous material resulting from chemical synthesis (like chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, diaminopyrimidine derivatives, trimoxazole, ntrofuran compounds, quinolones, imidazole derivatives, etc.), which can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms in low concentrations1. Eventually, to combat the bacterial and the fungal infection, a range of different categories of antibiotics (including the antibacterial antibiotics like the b-lactam antibiotics, tetracycline group, rifamycins, aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics, macrolides, polypeptide antibiotics, glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin; or the anti-fungal antibiotics like griseofulvin, polyenes, etc.) has long been practiced as per the physicians’ prescriptions marinating the defined forms of administration and dosage1. While the liquid forms of antibiotics (i.e., the antibiotic solutions or suspensions) are usually suggested for the pediatric usage, the granular antibiotics are widely taken by the adults following the appropriate drug concentrations as well as the correct dose of administration to get rid of the microbial infection2. The industrial manufacturing of antibiotics is of significant importance in order to maintain the quality of the active ingredients of the antibiotics and additionally, it’s really important to set the excipients at appropriate concentrations as per the recommendations and guidelines set by the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) or the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), or the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)3. Moreover, as per the guidelines set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as by the standard operating procedures (SOPs) set by the pharmaceutical manufacturing and packaging regulatory guidelines (usually guided both by the FDA and the Pharmacopoeia), the total quality management (TQM) is emphasized through the implementation of the good manufacturing practice (GMP) starting from the raw materials ending up to the finished products ready for distribution into the market for sales3-5.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Oral Cancer Site Infections and Study of Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern","authors":"Samiha Ashreen, A. Ahmed, Nadimul Hasan, Waheed Akhtar, M. M. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45533","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is currently a major global public health issue. Development of cancer cell and survival is a multifactor process that involves genetic mutation of normal cells along with physiological changes of normal body cells and the body’s defense mechanism. In Asian countries naming India, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and China more than 3 million people are expected to be diagnosed with cancer each year1. Oral cancer, globally, is the sixth most common cancer2 and is a major problem in regions where tobacco habits, in the form of chewing and/or smoking, with or without alcohol intake, are common. Cancer can take place in the anterior tongue, gingival, buccal mucosa, retromolar trigone, hard palate, salivary glands, and even tonsil glands3.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of ctx gene Negative Vibrio fluvialis Organisms Isolated from the Environment","authors":"J. Biswas, Tahsina Jainab, Mahmud Hossain, M. Yasmin, J. Nessa, C. R. Ahsan","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45534","url":null,"abstract":"V. fluvialis is considered to be an emerging food borne pathogen and has been implicated in outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute diarrhea in several countries including Bangladesh1. The largest outbreak of V. fluvialis infection was reported in Bangladesh between October 1976 and November 1977, with more than 500 patients2. The distribution of V. fluvialis is worldwide3 and this organism is not only isolated from human diarrheal cases4 but also from marine and estuarine environments5. There are reports of food poisoning caused by this organism3, especially due to consumption of raw shellfish6. Vibrio mediated infections frequently occur in countries where the raw seafood was largely consumed. In many instances, V. fluvialis was found to be associated with cholera-like diarrhea7. Between 1982 and 1988, 10 gastroenteritis cases of V. fluvialis have been reported in Florida due to consumption of contaminated seafood4. In the Gulf coast, the majority of the Vibrio mediated gastroenteritis has been associated with intake of raw oysters and in about 6% of the cases V. fluvialis was the causative pathogen6. Foodborne outbreaks were reported in several communities implicating V. fluvialis alone or with either V. parahaemolyticus/Salmonella spp.8 Food borne diarrheal outbreaks caused by V. fluvialis have been reported during 1981 in Maharashtra3. Several toxins that may be important in pathogenesis have been reported including a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell elongation factor, CHO cell killing factor, enterotoxin-like substance, lipase, protease cytotoxin and hemolysin9-13. However, most of these previous studies were done using clinical stains of V. fluvialis and very little is known about the toxigenic nature of the environmental V. fluvialis strains. Therefore, this work was undertaken to characterize the toxins produced by the V. fluvialis organisms isolated from different environmental sources of Dhaka and the southern districts like Satkhira and Khulna of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3329/bjm.v36i2.45534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}