Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology最新文献

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Another quasi-30 years of slow progress 又一个近30年的缓慢发展
Gregory A Miller
{"title":"Another quasi-30 years of slow progress","authors":"Gregory A Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meehl (1978) discussed a variety of characteristics of the culture of scholarly psychology that critically affect its progress toward a stronger science. These characteristics include assumptions about the nature of theory, approaches to the testing of theories, and the reliance on significance tests that is pervasive in many subfields of psychology research. Several of these characteristics and Meehl’s perspective on them are examined years later in this brief commentary. Meehl’s criticisms, though sometimes misrepresented, remain compelling and strikingly current. Yet it should be remembered that Meehl emphasized that “soft” psychology at its best is a profound and worthy challenge and will necessarily progress slowly. It can be improved, but not replaced, by hardnosed scholarship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Statistical significance testing, construct validity, and clinical versus actuarial judgment: an interesting (seeming) paradox 统计显著性检验、结构效度和临床与精算判断:一个有趣的(看似)悖论
David Faust
{"title":"Statistical significance testing, construct validity, and clinical versus actuarial judgment: an interesting (seeming) paradox","authors":"David Faust","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What practical implications does Meehl’s attack on significance testing have for clinical psychologists, and doesn’t Meehl contradict himself in placing so much emphasis on scientific theories in such works as “Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks” and yet advocating for actuarial judgement, which is essentially an atheoretical approach to clinical predication? This seemingly paradoxical ideology, when considered within the broader context of Meehl’s work, can be readily aligned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 27-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, (Sir) Paul, and the human element in the progress of soft psychology 卡尔爵士、罗纳德爵士、保罗爵士,以及软心理学进展中的人的因素
Bruce Wampold
{"title":"Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, (Sir) Paul, and the human element in the progress of soft psychology","authors":"Bruce Wampold","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meehl’s article related to theoretical risks and tabular asterisks reminds us of the importance of thinking and theorizing as well as hypothesizing and testing, a point that is as relevant today in soft psychology as it was in 1978. Although progress is impeded by the profusion of tabular asterisks, we should recognize as well that the course of events is shaped by the actors involved—theories not only fade away, they are excluded by these actors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92011662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Commentary on Meehl 米尔评论
Stephen P Hinshaw
{"title":"Commentary on Meehl","authors":"Stephen P Hinshaw","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The classic article by Meehl (1978) raises fundamental issues regarding the viability of theorizing in the “soft” psychological sciences and the weakness of statistical significance testing in appraising the validity of the field’s theories. These concerns are as valid today as they were a quarter of a century ago. Despite the lack of clear progress that has been made in terms of theory building, I raise several examples from developmental psychopathology research that reveal progress in the field’s conceptual and methodologic rigor, including the testing of genotype by environment interactions, the statistical advances driving longitudinal research, and the use of intervention and prevention trials to address questions of etiology and mechanisms related to psychopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Commentary on Meehl’s theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology 评论米尔的理论风险和表格星号:卡尔爵士,罗纳德爵士,以及软心理学的缓慢进展
Robyn M Dawes
{"title":"Commentary on Meehl’s theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology","authors":"Robyn M Dawes","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meehl points out that in “soft” psychology we do not have quantitatively measured variables that allow generalization outside the context of study to other contexts involving these same variables (perhaps combined with others to yield prediction and control). But as illustrated by this own work comparing actuarial versus clinical combination of variables to predict important human outcomes, we do have consistency across qualitatively diverse contexts. Here, actuarial combination is almost always superior. That result might not be what we would wish to have (e.g., a very good prediction of who will succeed in graduate school or on parole—as opposed to knowing that an actuarial prediction is superior to a clinical one), but it is what we have. It is not nothing, in fact far from nothing. Lacking a statistical theory (or even definition) of “qualitative diversity” and how to access it, we often rely on null hypothesis testing—not to be taken literally, but to access a consistent direction of results across qualitatively diverse contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comment on Meehl’s (1978) “Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology” 对Meehl(1978)《理论风险和表格星号:卡尔爵士、罗纳德爵士和软心理学的缓慢进展》的评论
William M. Grove
{"title":"Comment on Meehl’s (1978) “Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the slow progress of soft psychology”","authors":"William M. Grove","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A serious problem with Popperian falsificationism in the presence of auxiliary hypotheses and experimental conditions, in addition to a theory under test, is raised by Meehl. In brief, a negative result endangers both the theory in question, and the auxiliary hypotheses; which should we reject? I discuss how considering series of studies, rather than a single study, helps make this problem somewhat more tractable. I treat situations where negative results are in hand, as well as situations where positive results may be discounted by skeptics who question auxiliary hypotheses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92011661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The philosophical legacy of Meehl (1978): confirmation theory, theory quality, and scientific epistemology Meehl(1978)的哲学遗产:确认理论、理论质量和科学认识论
J.D Trout
{"title":"The philosophical legacy of Meehl (1978): confirmation theory, theory quality, and scientific epistemology","authors":"J.D Trout","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reach and impact of Paul Meehl’s work is extraordinary. Focusing on his “Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks”, I trace three consequences of his findings. The first is the influence of his work on confirmation theory in the philosophy of science, in which he provided a more sophisticated alternative to Popperianism, despite some affinities with it. The second is a clear focus on the evaluation of theory quality as an explanation for the success of hard vs. soft theories. The third is a very deep critique of the practices of contemporary epistemology; his research recommends the replacement of demonstrably unreliable, subjective judgments about justification and knowledge with simple predictive models that outperform human experts. This is an impressive array of intellectual contributions to psychology and philosophy. As influential as his work was, it is just now beginning to receive attention commensurate with its merits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Full title page 完整的标题页
{"title":"Full title page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0962-1849(04)00023-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(04)00023-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0962-1849(04)00023-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology 软心理学中的零假设谬误
Niels G Waller
{"title":"The fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology","authors":"Niels G Waller","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In his classic article on the fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology [J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46 (1978)], Paul Meehl claimed that, in nonexperimental settings, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of nil group differences in favor of a directional alternative was 0.50—a value that is an order of magnitude higher than the customary Type I error rate. In a series of real data simulations, using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Revised (MMPI-2) data collected from more than 80,000 individuals, I found strong support for Meehl’s claim.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137348615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Taking theoretical risks in a world of directional predictions 在一个方向性预测的世界里承担理论上的风险
Scott O Lilienfeld
{"title":"Taking theoretical risks in a world of directional predictions","authors":"Scott O Lilienfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As Meehl (1978) observed, one major reason for the painfully slow progress of soft psychology is our field’s heavy reliance on directional predictions, which leads to feeble tests of theories. In the present commentary, I outline six ways of taking theoretical risks in a world of directional predictions: (1) constructive replication of findings, (2) generating multiple maximally independent predictions, (3) adherence to the total evidence rule, (4) discriminant validation of measures, (5) incremental validation of measures, and (6) according attention to higher-order personality dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":84177,"journal":{"name":"Applied & preventive psychology : journal of the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.appsy.2004.02.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92011659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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