Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"A rapid field-ready electrical biosensor consisting of bismuthine-derived Au island decorated BiOCl nanosheets for Raphidiopsis raciborskii detection in freshwater†","authors":"Hyunjun Park, Sun Woo Kim, Siyun Lee, Jeongyun An, Seokho Jung, Minju Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Daeryul Kwon, Hongje Jang and Taek Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01624F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01624F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cyanobacteria play an essential role in nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems. However, certain species adversely affect the environment and human health by causing harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and producing cyanotoxins. To address this issue, continuous cyanoHAB monitoring has been considered; however, a gold standard has not yet been established. In this study, we aimed to develop a dual DNA-targeting capacitive-type biosensor for rapid field-ready monitoring of <em>Raphidiopsis raciborskii</em>, a causative species of cyanoHAB. To enhance the sensing signal, a plate-like Au<small>–</small>BiOCl nanocomposite was synthesized using a spontaneous carbonation process without additional additives. The alternating-current electrothermal flow (ACEF) technique was applied to enable rapid DNA and probe binding within 10 min. The limits of detection (LODs) for <em>R. raciborskii RubisCO</em> large subunit (<em>rbcL</em>) and RNA polymerase beta subunit (<em>rpoB</em>) genes diluted in deionized (DI) water were 4.89 × 10<small>⁻¹⁷</small> and 3.89 × 10<small>⁻¹⁷</small> M, respectively. Furthermore, the LODs of <em>R. raciborskii rbcl</em> and <em>rpoB</em> diluted in freshwater containing HAB were 2.55 × 10<small>⁻¹⁶</small> and 3.84 × 10<small>⁻¹⁶</small> M, respectively, demonstrating the field-ready applicability of the device. The fabricated cyanobacterial DNA-sensing platform enabled powerful species-specific detection using a small sample volume and low target concentration without a nucleic acid amplification step, dramatically reducing the detection time. This study has considerable implications for detecting HABs, early warning systems, and species-specific environmental monitoring technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 45","pages":" 11659-11669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-specific spatial profiling of targeted protein expression to characterize the impact of intracortical microelectrode implantation on neuronal health†","authors":"Lindsey N. Druschel, Niveda M. Kasthuri, Sydney S. Song, Jaime J. Wang, Allison Hess-Dunning, E. Ricky Chan and Jeffrey R. Capadona","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01628A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01628A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can record neuronal activity and advance brain-computer interface (BCI) devices. Implantation of the invasive MEA kills local neurons, which has been documented using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), a protein that lines the nuclei of exclusively neuronal cells, has been used as a marker for neuronal health and survival for decades in neuroscience and neural engineering. NeuN staining is often used to describe the neuronal response to intracortical microelectrode array (MEA) implantation. However, IHC is semiquantitative, relying on intensity readings rather than directly counting expressed proteins. To supplement previous IHC studies, we evaluated the expression of proteins representing different aspects of neuronal structure or function: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament light (NfL), synaptophysin (SYP), myelin basic protein (MBP), and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) following a neural injury caused by intracortical MEA implantation. Together, these five proteins evaluate the cytoskeletal structure, neurotransmitter release, and myelination of neurons. To fully evaluate neuronal health in NeuN-positive (NeuN+) regions, we only quantified protein expression in NeuN+ regions, making this the first-ever cell-specific spatial profiling evaluation of targeted proteins by multiplex immunochemistry following MEA implantation. We performed our protein quantification along with NeuN IHC to compare the results of the two techniques directly. We found that NeuN immunohistochemical analysis does not show the same trends as MAP2, NfL, SYP, MBP, and OLIG2 expression. Further, we found that all five quantified proteins show a decreased expression pattern that aligns more with historic intracortical MEA recording performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 47","pages":" 12307-12319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleic acid-binding bis-acridine orange dyes with improved properties for bioimaging and PCR applications†","authors":"Olesia Kulyk, Alexander Krivoshey, Olga Kolosova, Ivanna Prylutska, Tudor Vasiliu, Razvan Puf, Francesca Mocci, Aatto Laaksonen, Sergiy Perepelytsya, Dmytro Kobzev, Rostyslav Svoiakov, Zenoviy Tkachuk and Anatoliy Tatarets","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01775G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01775G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding the intricate interactions of molecular dyes with nucleic acids is pivotal for advancing medical and biochemical applications. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the interplay between a novel series of bis-acridine orange (<strong>BAO</strong>) dyes and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). These <strong>BAO</strong> dyes were intentionally designed as two acridine orange units connected by neutral linkers featuring a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene moiety. Comparative analysis of <strong>BAO</strong> compounds with the widely utilized DNA-binding dye <strong>EvaGreen</strong> (<strong>EG</strong>) was carried out for fibroblast staining and qPCR analysis. The results show that <strong>BAO</strong> dyes outperform <strong>EG</strong> by supporting PCR amplification over a broader concentration range (0.5–5.0 μM). Furthermore, they exhibit an exceptional capability to generate consistent DNA melting curves regardless of DNA concentration fluctuations. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that <strong>BAO</strong> dyes when interacting with dsDNA unfold from the stacked conformation to the elongated one. The difference in the energy between the conformations is shown to be concomitant with fluorescence enhancement. This study enriches our understanding of the intricate interplay between innovative <strong>BAO</strong> dyes and dsDNA, fostering their applications in medical and biochemical research, particularly in qPCR methodologies and bioimaging techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 11968-11982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the affinity of probes with transmembrane proteins by constructing peptide-conjugated cis/trans isomers based on molecular scaffolds†","authors":"Jing-Jing Hu, Juliang Yang, Yiheng Liu, Guangwen Lu, Zujin Zhao, Fan Xia and Xiaoding Lou","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01801J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01801J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >For protein analysis, the current peptide-based probes rely almost on the specific recognition of the protein while neglecting the potential influence of the environment near the protein. Herein, we propose that to achieve high recognition of transmembrane protein integrin α<small>_v</small>β<small>₃</small>, the interactions from the membrane substrate could be helpful. Moreover, to guarantee the additive effect of different interactions, the <em>cis</em> and <em>trans</em> isomers of peptide-based probes are distinguished. In detail, we synthesized the peptide-conjugated <em>cis</em>/<em>trans</em> isomers (<em>cis</em>-RTP and <em>trans</em>-RTP) by modifying the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-targeting peptide and palmitic acid-conjugated Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg (Pal-RRRR) peptide to the two ends of the molecular scaffold-tetraphenylethene derivative. Due to the difference in spatial structure, isothermal titration calorimetry and simulation experiments demonstrated that <em>cis</em>-RTP can bind more stably to integrin α<small>_v</small>β<small>₃</small> than <em>trans</em>-RTP. As a result, <em>cis</em>-RTP has shown more excellent properties in inhibiting cell migration and killing cells by regulating actin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Unlike the existing probe design for protein, this study provides a concept of microenvironment-helpful recognition and a promising strategy of <em>cis/trans</em> isomers to modulate the interaction between proteins and probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 48","pages":" 12523-12529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decellularization of caprine forestomach rumen tissue modified with silver nanowires as an antibacterial skin substitute scaffold in wound care therapeutics†","authors":"Athmana P. A., Asna Jaleel K. I., Sinduja Malarkodi Elangovan, Riza Paul, Naveen Subbaiyan, Parthiban Shanmugam and Gopal Shankar Krishnakumar","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01560F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01560F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, caprine forestomach native collagen (CFNC) isolated from rumen tissues is reported for the first time with subsequent surface modifications with varying concentrations of silver nanowires (AgNWs). Accordingly, CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds were prepared to be used as suitable wound healing dressing materials through a sequential isolation and decellularization process, followed by step-wise AgNW surface modification and ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking. The significant outcomes of this research highlight that CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds exhibit a highly porous three-dimensional (3D) network structure with favourable physicochemical characteristics. Also, the comprehensive tensile testing demonstrated that there were changes in mechanical properties based on the AgNW content. The CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds also exhibited strong antibacterial action against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> in a dose-dependent manner. The release of Ag<small>⁺</small> ions from CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds exhibited a slow and sustained release pattern over an extended period of time. The cell–biomaterial interaction studies on CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds using L929 fibroblast cells showed dose-dependent and time-dependent toxicity when the concentration exceeded above 1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. The cytotoxicity is mainly due to the higher concentration of Ag<small>⁺</small> ions which initiates cell death through lipid peroxidation and causes cell membrane damage. The biocompatibility test results serve as a reference point to select the optimal dosage of AgNWs with balanced antibacterial and biocompatibility properties. Thus, the developed CFNC/AgNWs scaffolds will serve as a versatile wound dressing material similar to other metallic or conjugated reconstituted collagen systems with the added benefit of strong antimicrobial properties, and as a biomimetic xenograft for skin regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 47","pages":" 12291-12306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemically engineered exogenous organic reactions in living cells for in situ fluorescence imaging and biomedical applications","authors":"Gang Song, Zhiwen Yang, Yiming Huang, Haotian Bai, Fengting Lv and Shu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01925C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01925C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The unique microenvironment within living cells, characterized by high glutathione levels, reactive oxygen species concentrations, and active enzymes, facilitates the execution of chemical reactions. Recent advances in organic chemistry and chemical biology have leveraged living cells as reactors for chemical synthesis. This review summarizes recent reports on key intracellular <em>in situ</em> synthesis processes, including the synthesis of near-infrared fluorescent dyes, intracellular oxidative cross-linking, bioorthogonal reactions, and intracellular polymerization reactions. These methods have been applied to fluorescence imaging, tumor treatment, and the enhancement of biological functions. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field of <em>in situ</em> intracellular synthesis. We aim to guide the design of chemical molecules for <em>in situ</em> synthesis, improving the efficiency and control of artificial reactions in living cells, and ultimately achieving cell factory-like exogenous biological synthesis, biological function enhancement, and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 11852-11866"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient bionic nanozyme based on AuPt NPs@ZIF-90 used for cyclic catalysis multimodal tumor therapy†","authors":"Wan Huang, Song Zhang, Li Luo, Yalong Pan, Lijun Han and Yao Yu","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01987C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01987C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Multimodal therapy based on nanozyme is expected to become a novel option for tumor treatment. However, the catalytic efficiency of nanozymes and the hypoxia microenvironment of tumors limit the therapeutic effect of nanozymes. Herein, we screened a small molecule of midazole-2-carboxaldehyde (ICA) to prepare ZIF-90 and embedded gold and platinum nanoparticles to obtain ZAAP. ZAAP possessed a multi-enzymatic cascade of catalytic processes including greatly enhanced peroxidase activity <em>via</em> a “bionic” catalytic microenvironment (enhanced 23-fold), catalase and glucose oxidase activities, resulting in glucose decomposition to continuously supply H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>, peroxidases for the catabolism of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> to generate ROS and peroxidase-induced oxygen generation for continuous oxidation of glucose. All the above processes built a catalysis cycle that greatly promotes the generation of ROS and oxygen as well as the consumption of glucose, leading to the chemical dynamic therapy function and alleviating tumor hypoxia. In addition to the photothermal effect of ZAAP, a synergistic treatment of chemical dynamic/photothermal/starvation therapy was achieved, and the tumor inhibition rate reached 96.4% within 2 weeks, indicating that ZAAP shows great potential in nanozyme-based synergistic multimodal tumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 48","pages":" 12597-12607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative electrohydrodynamics-driven SERS platform for molecular stratification and treatment monitoring of lung cancer","authors":"Tuotuo Zhang, Biao Dong, Huiling Wang and Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01434K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01434K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The advancement of molecular diagnostics for lung cancer stratification and monitoring is essential for the strategic planning and prompt modification of treatments, aiming to enhance clinical results. To address this need, we suggest a nanocavity structure designed to sensitively analyze the protein signature on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). This approach facilitates precise, noninvasive staging and treatment monitoring of lung cancer. The nanocavity is created through molecular recognition, involving the interaction of sEVs with nanobox-based core–shell surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) barcodes and asymmetric, mirrorlike gold microelectrodes. By applying an alternating current to the gold microelectrodes, a nanofluidic shear force was generated, promoting the binding of sEVs and the effective assembly of the nanoboxes. This interaction induced a nanocavity between the nanobox and the gold microelectrode, which significantly amplified the electromagnetic field. This amplification enhanced Raman signals from four SERS barcodes simultaneously, allowing the generation of patient-specific molecular sEV signatures. When tested on a cohort of clinical samples (<em>n</em> = 76) using the nanocavity architecture, these patient-specific sEV molecular signatures accurately identified, stratified, and monitored lung cancer patients' treatment, demonstrating its potential for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 47","pages":" 12139-12140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-immobilized gemcitabine for cancer-targetable NK cell surface engineering†","authors":"Kyung Mu Noh, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Jaewon Park, Sungjun Kim and Kyobum Kim","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01639D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01639D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, its efficacy against solid tumors is limited in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Combinatorial therapies involving chemotherapeutic drugs such as gemcitabine (Gem) and NK cells have been developed to modulate the TME; however, their clinical application is constrained by low drug delivery efficiency and significant off-target toxicity. In this study, we developed cell membrane-immobilized Gem conjugates (<em>i.e.</em>, lipid–Gem conjugates), designed to anchor seamlessly onto NK cell surfaces. Our modular-designed <em>ex vivo</em> cell surface engineeringmaterials comprise a lipid anchor for membrane immobilization, poly(ethylene glycol) to inhibit endocytosis, a disulfide bond as cleavable linker by glutathione (GSH) released during cancer cell lysis, and Gem for targeted sensitization. We demonstrated that the intrinsic properties of NK cells, such as proliferation and surface ligand availability, were preserved despite coating with lipid–Gem conjugates. Moreover, delivery of Gem prodrugs by lipid–Gem coated NK (GCNK) cells was shown to enhance antitumor efficacy against pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) through the following mechanisms: (1) NK cells recognized and attacked cancer cells, (2) intracellular GSH was leaked out from the lysed cancer cells, enabling cleavage of disulfide bond, (3) released Gem from the GCNK cells delivered to the target cells, (4) Gem upregulated MHC class I-related chain A and B on cancer cells, and (5) thereby activating NK cells led to enhance antitumor efficacy. The simultaneous co-delivery of membrane-immobilized Gem with NK cells could potentially facilitate both immune synapse-mediated cancer recognition and chemotherapeutic effects, offering a promising approach to enhance the anticancer efficacy of conventional ACTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 12087-12102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified perylene diimide for femto molar level detection of glucose: smartphone-assisted colorimetric glucose detection kits†","authors":"Rajdeep Kaur, Sanjeev Kumar, Siyu Liu, Kapil Kumar, Junsheng Chen and Prabhpreet Singh","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01879F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01879F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this report, a functionalized hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) derivative has been synthesized and anchored onto the perylene diimide (PDI) core at the -bay position (PHI). PHI has been explored for the generation of radical anions (<strong>PH1˙<small>⁻</small></strong>) and dianions (<strong>PH1<small>²⁻</small></strong>) in 20% HEPES buffer–DMSO solution using H<small>₂</small>S as a sacrificial electron donor. The <strong>PH1˙<small>⁻</small></strong> has a half-life (<em>t</em><small>_1/2</small>) of 1.5 h and 3 h in oxygenated and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The formation of radical anions has been confirmed by optical (absorbance and fluorescence) methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and femtosecond transient absorbance spectroscopy along with current–voltage (<em>I</em>–<em>V</em>) and NOBF<small>₄</small> studies. The <strong>PH1˙<small>⁻</small></strong> showed peroxidase-like activity for the reduction of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> as low as 170 fmol L<small>⁻¹</small> (fM) giving a colour change from sea green to pink. The biochemical assay which consists of <strong>PH1˙<small>⁻</small></strong>+ GOx has been further utilized as a glucose sensor. Upon addition of glucose (0–8 nM) in the biochemical assay, the <em>in-situ</em> produced H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> (after oxidation of glucose with GOx) oxidized <strong>PH1˙<small>⁻</small></strong> to PH1 giving a sea green to pink colorimetric read out along with a decrease in the absorption intensities at 720, 815, 880 and 950 nm and the emergence of absorption intensity at 541 nm. The lowest limit of detection is 85 fM. We also explored this biochemical assay for the detection of 860 fM of glucose in a 10% blood serum. Similarly, fluorometric, CV and DPV studies were carried out for the detection of glucose using this biochemical assay. The smartphone-assisted RGB colour analyser showed large variations in the red colour and this RGB based colour differentiation can be used for the detection of 1 nM of glucose.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 12007-12016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}