Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"Electrospun anisotropic fiber reinforced composites for artificial heart valves","authors":"Xiuling Yang, Yifeng Chen, Qijun Wu, Haoqi Yang, Gaigai Duan, Qiliang Fu, Haonan He, Peng Zhang, Jian Ji and Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02329C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02329C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anisotropic composite valves that approximate natural heart valves are essential for the successful construction of tissue-engineered heart valves. In this work, anisotropic nylon (polyamides, PA) fiber membranes were prepared <em>via</em> electrospinning and further composited with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by the impregnation method to obtain anisotropic PA/TPU composite valves. Young's modulus of the PA/TPU composite valves in the axial and radial directions along the fibers was 85.07 ± 4.22 MPa and 28.72 ± 1.16 MPa, respectively. The anisotropic PA/TPU composite valve exhibited excellent anisotropy, and its anisotropy ratio was 3.03, which was close to that of natural valves. Besides, the anisotropic PA/TPU composite valve exhibits high transparency (∼87%). The <em>in vitro</em> experiments revealed that anisotropic PA/TPU composite valves have better resistance to calcification and good blood compatibility compared with anisotropic nylon fiber membranes. Moreover, the hydrophilicity presented by the anisotropic PA/TPU composite valve reduced the adhesion of calcified particles. The good anticoagulant properties exhibited by the anisotropic PA/TPU composite valve effectively reduced the formation of thrombus after implantation. Cellular experiments and subcutaneous implantation experiments in rats showed that anisotropic PA/TPU composite valves exhibit cellular nontoxicity and good biocompatibility, contributing to cellular differentiation and growth. This preparation method has great potential in preparing anisotropic composite valves.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3918-3929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring processing–structure–property relationships of chemically precipitated strontium silicate particles for medical applications†","authors":"Yun-Ru Huang and Shinn-Jyh Ding","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02656J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02656J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bone regeneration in the presence of osteoporosis presents a significant challenge in dental and orthopedic surgery. To tackle this issue, researchers have developed strontium-containing biomaterials. However, preventing bacterial infection is also crucial for successful surgical treatment. In this study, we delved deep into the processing to tailor the composition and structure of new strontium silicates with unique properties to address this challenge. We used chemical precipitation to prepare various strontium silicate particles using varying ammonia concentrations and Sr/Si precursor ratios. The L929 cytotoxicity, differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), biological function of RAW 264.7 macrophages, and antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> were evaluated. As a result, higher ammonia concentration led to the formation of SrSiO<small>₃</small> and Sr<small>₂</small>SiO<small>₄</small> particles with smaller sizes and higher Sr/Si ratios. These particles exhibited increased antibacterial efficacy and radiopacity, promoting cell viability and osteogenic activity of hMSCs and modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, the developed strontium silicate demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, exceptional osteogenic properties, and clear visibility during procedures, making it a promising material for bone regeneration and osteoporosis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3990-4005"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urease-coupled systems and materials: design strategies, scope and applications","authors":"Shashikumar Haranal, Vinay Ambekar Ranganath and Indrajit Maity","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02853H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02853H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Synthetic systems have co-opted urease, a crucial enzyme serving many biological functions, to recapitulate complex biological features. Therefore, the urease-urea feedback reaction network (FCRN) is reciprocated with soft materials to induce various animate-like features, including self-regulation, error correction, and decision-making capabilities, that are processed through a variety of non-linear functions. Although free-urease-based homogeneous systems are capable of adhering to many non-linear characteristics, they lack the ability to showcase the diffusion-controlled spatiotemporal phenomena. Therefore, it demands urease immobilization, whereby a compartmentalized reaction hub can facilitate the interplay of FCRN with reaction diffusion to regulate the system's operation, allowing various non-linear responses and spatiotemporal self-organization. Indeed, the beneficial framework of urease-based commercial systems in modern technology necessitates the accessibility, reusability, and long-term stability of urease. Consequently, several techniques for urease immobilization merit attention. This review highlights the diverse covalent and non-covalent approaches for urease immobilization on different substrates and illustrates several chemical reactions and non-covalent interactions as tools for creating targeted systems and soft materials to realize many on-demand functions. We also emphasize how the advancement of systems chemistry has propelled research in soft materials to comprehend system-level applications by demonstrating several emerging non-linear functions with potent applications in many directions, including sensing, soft robotics, regulation of material properties and many more.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 14","pages":" 4252-4278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational design to experimental validation: molecular dynamics-assisted development of polycaprolactone micelles for drug delivery†","authors":"Tejas Shah, Himanshu Polara, Godwin Babanyinah, Abhi Bhadran, Hanghang Wang, Cristina Cu Castillo, Gerik Grabowski, Michael C. Biewer, Hedieh Torabifard and Mihaela C. Stefan","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02789B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02789B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are used in drug delivery systems for cancer treatments. However, these carriers suffer from lower drug loading capacity, poor water solubility, and non-targeted drug release. Here, we utilized a computational approach to analyze the effect of the functional groups of the hydrophobic block on the drug–polymer interactions. To design effective drug carriers, four different amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with distinct aromatic and heteroaromatic groups at the hydrophobic core were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. The solvent-accessible surface area, water shell, hydrogen bonding, and radius of gyration of the simulated micelles were determined. Further, we assessed the interactions between the hydrophobic block and drug molecules using linear interaction energy and non-covalent interactions. The computational studies revealed that the micelles containing a novel poly(γ-2-methoxyfuran-ε-caprolactone) (PFuCL) hydrophobic block have the highest polymer–drug interactions. From these findings, we synthesized a novel amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-<em>b</em>-poly(γ-2-methoxyfuran(ε-caprolactone)) (PEG-<em>b</em>-PFuCL) block copolymer using ring-opening polymerization of FuCL monomer. The polymer was self-assembled in aqueous media to form micelles. The aromatic segment of PEG-<em>b</em>-PFuCL micelles enhanced the doxorubicin (DOX) loading through non-covalent interactions, resulting in a 4.25 wt% drug-loading capacity. We also showed that the hydrolysis of the ester bond allowed a faster <em>in vitro</em> drug release at pH 5.0 compared to pH 7.4. Cell viability experiments revealed that DOX-loaded PEG-<em>b</em>-PFuCL micelles show that micelles are cytotoxic and readily uptaken into MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, furan-substituted micelles will be an ideal drug carrier with higher polymer-to-drug interactions, enhanced drug loading, and lower premature leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 13","pages":" 4166-4178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A T1 MRI detectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel for in vivo tracking after intracerebral injection in stroke†","authors":"Moustoifa Said, Jing Jing, Olivier Montigon, Nora Collomb, Frédérique Vossier, Benoît Chovelon, Bayan El Amine, Isabelle Jeacomine, Benjamin Lemasson, Emmanuel Luc Barbier, Olivier Detante, Claire Rome and Rachel Auzély-Velty","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02722A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02722A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising strategy for treating stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, but their effectiveness depends on precise injection, defect filling, and long-term retention at the target site. While MRI can help visualize hydrogels, distinguishing them from fluid-filled spaces, like a post-stroke cavity at a chronic stage, is challenging owing to their high water content and similar MR properties. In this study, a <em>T</em><small>₁</small> MRI detectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel that is injectable and self-healing was developed for <em>in vivo</em> tracking after intracerebral injection in stroke. This HA hydrogel was functionalized with a thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert gadolinium(<small>III</small>) complex for monitoring its long-term fate in the brain with <em>T</em><small>₁</small>-contrast enhanced MRI. The dynamic covalent cross-links based on boronate ester bonds in the hydrogel network ensured precise injection and instantaneous self-healing. The HA network did not induce adverse tissue response and was biocompatible with therapeutic cells (human adipose stromal/stem cells). Furthermore, this labeling strategy enabled accurate tracking of hydrogel distribution and degradation in stroke condition, allowing a better assessment of efficacy and safety. This MRI-visible hydrogel has significant potential as a scaffold for stem cells, growth factors, and/or drugs, paving the way for more effective treatments for brain disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 13","pages":" 4103-4117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d4tb02722a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsive hydrogel modulator with self-regulated polyphenol release for accelerating diabetic wound healing via precise immunoregulation†","authors":"Yunfei Tan, Lei Ma, Yixuan Wu, Zeng Yi, Xiaomin Ma, Jiaxin Liu, Ye Cao and Xudong Li","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02504K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02504K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonhealing chronic wounds are intractable clinical complications of diabetes and are characterized by high protease activity, severe oxidative stress and sustained inflammatory response. In this case, the development of functional hydrogel dressings to modulate the immune microenvironment is a well-known strategy, where the precise stimuli-responsive and spatiotemporally controlled release of bioactive molecules remains a huge challenge. Herein, we developed responsive hydrogels with self-regulated bioactive molecule release based on the protease activity in diabetic wound sites, to serve as a smart immune microenvironment modulator for accelerating wound healing. The hydrogels were fabricated by grafting oxidized hyaluronic acid with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) under UV irradiation. Resveratrol nanoparticles were further loaded into the hydrogels before gelation to construct a polyphenol delivery system. The prepared hydrogels could achieve the on-demand release of polyphenol upon degradation by protease, as confirmed <em>via</em> degradation and polyphenol release experiments. The released polyphenol was demonstrated to have the capacity to effectively scavenge excessive free radicals, promote macrophage polarization, reduce proinflammatory factor (TNF-α) expression and augment anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) expression <em>in vitro</em>. Additionally, <em>in vivo</em> rat wound healing model experiment results confirmed that these hydrogels promoted collagen deposition and granulation tissue regeneration, accelerating diabetic wound healing. Based on the protease-responsive degradation characteristic of the hydrogels and high protease activity in the diabetic wound microenvironment, hydrogels with exquisite polyphenol release controllability are promising candidates as dressings for diabetic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 11","pages":" 3700-3715"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybridization chain reaction-DNAzyme amplified switch microplate assay for ultrasensitive detection of magnesium ions†","authors":"Jianjing Shen, Chengzhou Zhang, Donghao Cheng, Shan Huang and Xiaojun Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00345H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB00345H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >It is well-recognized that metal ion contaminants present in food and the environment pose a serious threat to human health and contribute to huge economic losses. Therefore, the development of simple, rapid, sensitive, and on-site methods for the detection of metal ions has become an urgent need. Herein, we combined the isothermal hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and a DNAzyme to develop a dual-signal amplification sensing assay for ultrasensitive Mg<small>²⁺</small> detection on microplates. In this assay, the linker DNA strand (LDNA) that triggered the formation of the HCR structure was immobilized on a microplate <em>via</em> the biotin–streptavidin conjugation. Upon addition of the H5 sequence substrate strand to form a DNAzyme structure, an amplification switch microplate with 2<em>n</em> signaling amplification sites was established. The HCR-DNAzyme switch was activated by capturing Mg<small>²⁺</small>, and the methylene blue (MB)-labeled H5 was released. It generated an electrochemical signal after being captured by the reporter electrode attached to its complementary sequence (CDNA), accomplishing an efficient detection of Mg<small>²⁺</small>. Moreover, owing to the 2<em>n</em> signal amplification of the HCR-DNAzyme system with the simple separation and purification processing of the microplate, the Mg<small>²⁺</small> detection limit of this strategy was as low as 0.6 fM. Furthermore, this method could be employed for other targets by simply changing the recognition structure of the DNAzyme, revealing the potential practical applications of this strategy in a wide range of fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 13","pages":" 4179-4187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-cost biocompatible and biodegradable multipurpose resistive ink for monitoring biological systems†","authors":"Akshayakumar Kompa, Revathi Ravindran, Jianyu Hao and Javier G. Fernandez","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02763A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02763A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flexible and biocompatible strain sensors are becoming increasingly important in fields such as health monitoring, wearable electronics, and environmental sensing because they offer significant advantages over conventional rigid systems. However, they lack the versatility and ecological and physiological biocompatibility necessary for broader integration within biological systems. Here, we describe the development of an inexpensive water-based plasticized chitosan–carbon black composite ink that can be used to produce conductive and biocompatible strain sensors. The ink can be applied to various surfaces, including skin, internal organs, and other biological tissues, using numerous methods, such as painting, dipping, and stamping. Furthermore, this unprecedented ability to attach and conform to biological surfaces allows the exploration of secondary sensing innovations, such as exploiting skin wrinkles to improve sensitivity. This study demonstrates that the ink exhibits a reliable change in electrical resistance in response to a wide range of motions, from subtle vibrations during speech and heartbeats to extensive articulations, like finger and elbow movements. This exceptional sensitivity range, biocompatibility, and the ink's low cost, biodegradability, and ease of removal enhance its applicability in sustainable, temporary, and customizable sensing solutions, highlighting its potential for versatile applications in human health monitoring, motion detection, and environmental sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 10","pages":" 3295-3303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melt electrowriting of bioglass-laden poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for bone regeneration","authors":"Ana Beatriz Gomes de Carvalho, Lais Medeiros Cardoso, Caroline Anselmi, Renan Dal-Fabbro, Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos, Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges, Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra and Marco C. Bottino","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02835J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02835J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Novel and promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have been investigated over the years. Aiming to contribute to this progress, this study developed and evaluated polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with 5% (w/w) 58S-bioactive glass (58S-BG) fabricated <em>via</em> melt electrowriting (MEW). Morphological and chemical characterization of the scaffolds was conducted. The biological potential was assessed <em>in vitro</em> with alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells through cytotoxicity, adhesion, protein production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral nodule formation assays. <em>In vivo</em>, scaffolds implanted in rats were analyzed for biocompatibility, inflammation, and degradation using H&amp;E staining and immunohistochemical markers for angiogenesis and macrophage polarization. Statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level. Appropriate fiber alignment but a higher fiber diameter was found for PCL + BG5% compared to PCL scaffolds (<em>p</em> = 0.002). EDS spectra confirmed the presence of BG's chemical components for BG-laden scaffolds, attesting to BG particle incorporation into the filaments. Raman spectroscopy evidenced the chemical nature of the BG powder, and FTIR spectra revealed –OH stretching for PCL + BG5%, evidencing its hydrophilic potential. None of the scaffolds were cytotoxic, and BG-laden formulation increased cell viability after 7 days (<em>p</em> = 0.0006), also showing greater cell adhesion/spreading over time compared to pristine PCL scaffolds. BG's presence also increased the mineral matrix formation (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.0021) over 21 days and retained ALP activity after 14 days (<em>p</em> = 0.705) compared to PCL. <em>In vivo</em>, PCL scaffolds retained fiber alignment and preserved their volume throughout the evaluation, showing minimal structural alteration. In contrast, PCL + BG5% scaffolds showed more visible structural changes at 28 days. Despite this, the PCL + BG5% formulation remained biocompatible and significantly promoted angiogenesis compared to pristine PCL scaffolds. In sum, BG-laden scaffolds were successfully melt electrowritten, retaining the scaffolds’ porous architecture, showing appropriate properties, including cell viability, adhesion, mineralized nodule deposition, biocompatibility, and angiogenesis, indicating that these materials are a promising alternative for enhancing bone tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3864-3875"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schwann cell-derived exosomes accelerate periodontal bone regeneration with osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis†","authors":"Ya Cui, Xiaojing Li, Xiaoya He, Xingyu Zhou, Xudong Wang, Kaili Lin and Lixia Mao","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02601B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02601B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Severe periodontitis frequently leads to irreversible degradation of alveolar bone. Periodontal regeneration techniques hold immense potential in reconstructing alveolar bone post periodontal diseases. Schwann cells (SCs) play a critical role in supporting, maintaining, and regenerating periodontal tissues, with SC-derived exosomes (SC-EXO) exhibiting cell homing and tissue repair capabilities. Nevertheless, the specific role of SC-EXO in periodontal bone regeneration remains unknown. To address the issue, we treated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) with SC-EXO and observed a notable increase in cell proliferation, and osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation. Moreover, SC-EXO stimulated the expression of angiogenic factors in vascular endothelial cells. In a rat model of periodontal bone defects, SC-EXO facilitated the recruitment of endogenous cells, regulated neural and vascular neogenesis, and accelerated periodontal bone regeneration. This study successfully prepared SC-EXO, which effectively promotes periodontal bone regeneration by regulating the bone healing microenvironment, potentially offering a valuable strategy for periodontal tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 4020-4029"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}