Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"Molecular-weight–dependent bioactivity of agarose for repairing UV-induced skin damage","authors":"Ying Guo, Yi Xie, Yongjun Li, Bei Tian and Jianxi Xiao","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00590J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00590J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Acute ultraviolet exposure disrupts the epidermal barrier, induces oxidative stress, and accelerates extracellular matrix degradation, necessitating effective strategies for photodamage repair. Here, we establish a molecular-weight–graded agarose system—Aga-U, Aga-H, Aga-M, and Aga-L—to assess the effect of molecular weight on the physicochemical and biological properties of agarose. Controlled hydrolysis generated agarose fractions with progressively reduced molecular weight, resulting in enhanced solubility, hydrophilicity, fluidity, and antioxidant capacity. All fractions exhibited good cytocompatibility and promoted zebrafish caudal-fin regeneration, with Aga-L demonstrating the strongest bioactivity. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> evaluations, including fibroblast assays and zebrafish and UV-induced acute photodamage mouse models, revealed that Aga-L most effectively restored the epidermal barrier, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced collagen deposition. Molecular analyses showed that Aga-L downregulated MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-c-Fos, and p-c-Jun and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, Col I and Col III. These findings identify low-molecular-weight agarose as a potent bioactive polysaccharide for repairing UV-induced skin injury and provide a basis for developing agarose-based therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6545-6558"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147871079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy access to 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-based symmetric deep red-AIEgens for concurrent staining of lipid droplets and lysosomes","authors":"Shivani Tripathi, Harshala Patil, V. Vamsi Krishna Venuganti and Manab Chakravarty","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00360E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00360E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Deep-red-emissive aggregation-induced emission-active luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as powerful tools for advanced noninvasive cancer diagnosis, selective imaging, and therapeutic applications due to their deep tissue penetration, high contrast, high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. Unlike traditional fluorophores that undergo aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), AIEgens become brightly emissive upon aggregation, enabling real-time visualization in complex biological environments. A major challenge in cellular imaging is the simultaneous and highly specific labeling of lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes, two organelles closely interconnected through lipophagic processes (degradation of LDs by lysosomes) and central to metabolic regulation. Existing small-molecule dyes often lack dual-targeting capability and typically diffuse throughout the cytoplasm before localizing to their intended targets. Herein, we provide easy access to three newly designed 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD)-based D–π–A–π–D symmetric luminogens, <strong>MBM</strong>, <strong>DBD</strong>, and <strong>TBT</strong>, engineered for staining LDs and lysosomes. Even autophagosomes, a dynamic and double-membrane-bound organelle, are also stained with these probes. They exhibit strong red emission (630–740 nm) in both solid-state and highly aqueous media, demonstrating robust AIE properties. Colocalization studies confirm their reliable targeting of both organelles, supported by favourable binding affinities and other cross-experiments. The overall balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the photostable probes <strong>MBM</strong>, <strong>DBD</strong>, and <strong>TBT</strong> exhibited organelle specificity, photostability, efficient uptake, and tunable cytotoxicity. Thus, these red-emitting probes are recognized as promising candidates for multifunctional bioimaging and therapeutic applications. The high stability, low photobleaching, and large Stokes shifts make these dyes superior to commercially available conventional dyes like Nile Red.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6282-6297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent innovative approaches for drug delivery systems targeting cancer and CNS disorders","authors":"Milind Kumar Anand, Elumalai Premalatha, Hariharan Moorthy and Thimmaiah Govindaraju","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00411C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00411C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Advancements in drug delivery systems (DDSs) have revolutionized pharmaceutical development by enhancing therapeutic precision, minimizing off-target effects, and improving patient compliance. Modern DDS technologies, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liquid–liquid phase separated (LLPS) systems, inorganic nanoparticles, GalNac systems, small molecules, dendrimers, polymers, peptides, and silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels, have significantly expanded the range of anti-cancer therapeutics. These advancements extend beyond conventional chemotherapeutics to include biologics such as nucleic acids (NAs), peptides, proteins, and monoclonal antibodies. These innovations have transformed oncology treatment paradigms and are gradually being adapted for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, where effective drug delivery is hindered by the protective blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the intricate architecture of neural networks. In this context, stimuli-responsive DDSs have emerged as promising tools, capable of crossing the BBB and releasing drugs in response to pathological cues. Theranostic DDSs, which integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single platform, hold particular promise in imaging-guided interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DDS applications in both oncology and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), emphasizing mechanistic insights, delivery strategies, and material innovations. Furthermore, it explores key translational considerations – including safety, efficacy, and clinical scalability – essential for advancing next-generation DDS platforms from bench to bedside, thereby maximizing therapeutic outcomes in complex diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6132-6155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-responsive smart hydrogel dressing for controlled antimicrobial therapy and accelerated wound healing","authors":"Essam A. M. S. Obaid, Ruining Bai and Zhifeng Fu","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00327C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00327C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bacterial wound infections pose a major clinical challenge, often causing delayed healing, recurrent infections, and increased antibiotic resistance. Conventional antibiotics are largely ineffective against biofilm-associated bacteria, underscoring the need for advanced antimicrobial approaches. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, but their clinical use is restricted by uncontrolled ion release and cytotoxicity. Here, we present a pH-responsive hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and acrylamide (AM), cross-linked with <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-methylenebisacrylamide and incorporating well-dispersed AgNPs, as a multifunctional wound dressing. The hydrogel is designed to respond to infection-related pH changes, enabling controlled AgNPs release under alkaline conditions while retaining silver at physiological skin pH to reduce toxicity. HA stabilizes AgNPs and enhances swelling but also contributes to hydration, cell adhesion, and wound regeneration. Notably, hair regrowth was observed, suggesting potential benefits in follicle repair. The hydrogel demonstrates marked pH-dependent swelling, allowing programmable AgNPs release matched to infection severity. <em>In vitro</em> studies confirmed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and Gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) strains, with effective biofilm suppression. Biocompatibility assays using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and mouse fibroblast cells (L929) validated cytocompatibility. This facile and scalable platform offers a promising therapeutic strategy for infected wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6624-6642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitric oxide-enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant carbon dots for Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Xiaoting Han, Juanjuan Xue, Qi Zhang, Ruijie Li, Xing Guo, Qianqian Duan and Shengbo Sang","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00133E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00133E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a complex pathogenesis in which the β-amyloid (Aβ) cascade and oxidative stress hypotheses interact through mitochondrial dysfunction, forming a vicious cycle that underscores the need for multi-targeted therapeutic strategies. In this study, multifunctional carbon dots (EMA-CDs) were rationally designed and synthesised <em>via</em> a simple one-pot hydrothermal approach to integrate antioxidant activity, nitric oxide (NO) release capability, and mitochondrial targeting. EMA-CDs exhibited potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging abilities, efficiently eliminating hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and DPPH radicals with rates exceeding 80%. Their mitochondrial specificity further alleviated intracellular oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Notably, EMA-CDs at low concentrations (80 µg mL<small>⁻¹</small>) markedly inhibited Aβ<small>₄₂</small> aggregation and promoted fibril disassembly, achieving inhibition and depolymerisation efficiencies of approximately 97.1% and 99.4%, respectively. In addition, EMA-CDs promoted NO production, which in turn modulated the expression of MMP-9 and ZO-1 proteins. This led to a reversible and transient opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in an enhanced penetration efficiency with a cumulative rate of 65.4% over 12 h. Furthermore, in the <em>C. elegans</em> CL2006 model, EMA-CDs significantly alleviated Aβ<small>₄₂</small> plaque deposition and reduced intracellular ROS levels by approximately 55%. Moreover, EMA-CDs extended the mean lifespan of the worms by about 6 days and enhanced reproductive capacity to 1.25-fold of the control, demonstrating potent <em>in vivo</em> neuroprotective and antioxidative stress effects. Collectively, this study demonstrates that EMA-CDs function as a versatile therapeutic platform for AD treatment and provide a promising avenue for the development of multi-target nanotherapeutics and novel AD intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 22","pages":" 6963-6981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordered micro-nano structures: synergistic integration of microneedles and photonic crystals for advanced biomedical systems","authors":"Yihan Zhou, Tong Wu, Xin Li and Bingbing Gao","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00254D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00254D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ordered micro-nano-superstructures are hierarchical assemblies composed of micro- and nanoscale building blocks that integrate multiple functions, in which individual components retain their intrinsic structural features while collectively generating emergent properties that cannot be achieved by single-scale structures alone. For example, the combination of microneedles and photonic crystals forms a superstructure in which the microscale needles provide mechanical penetration and biochemical sampling, while the nanoscale photonic crystals enable optical signal transduction, resulting in a unified system with synergistic capabilities. Microneedles (MNs) and photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted considerable attention for their applications in transdermal drug delivery and optical sensing, respectively. However, despite significant advancements, the field remains fragmented, with much of the research focused on isolated systems, often overlooking the complex relationships between structure, material properties, fabrication methods, and functional outcomes. Integrating these systems into multifunctional platforms remains challenging due to material compatibility, fabrication complexity, and functional tuning requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in ordered micro-nano-structured systems, focusing on MNs and PCs, and discusses their functions, biomedical applications, and prospects for hybridization.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 19","pages":" 5859-5889"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing protein aggregation into a biofunctional BMP-2–hyaluronic acid hydrogel for sustained drug release and accelerated wound healing","authors":"Devi Prasanna Behera, Kalpanarani Dash, Samadrita Roy, Devendra Verma, Monalisa Mishra and Harekrushna Sahoo","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00343E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00343E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogels have emerged as highly versatile biomaterials in biomedical science owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable mechanical properties, enabling their widespread application in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and corneal prostheses. In the present study, we have developed a composite hydrogel by incorporating hyaluronic acid (HA) into an unfolded, aggregation-driven bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) network to enhance its functional performance for biomedical use. The inclusion of HA induced significant modifications in both physicochemical and biological properties of the system. Notably, the composite hydrogel exhibited a markedly improved pore architecture, with an average pore size of ∼15 µm, compared to the denser BMP-2-only hydrogel, thereby creating a more favorable microenvironment for cellular infiltration. In parallel, a substantial increase in water retention capacity was observed, attributable to the hydrophilic nature of HA and its influence on gelation behavior, resulting in a hydrated, extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic scaffold. Furthermore, the BMP-2/HA hydrogel demonstrated enhanced hemocompatibility and reduced cytotoxicity relative to the BMP-2 system, alongside sustained antibiotic release, which is critical for infection control during wound healing. Importantly, <em>in vivo</em> wound healing studies using <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> revealed that the composite hydrogel accelerates wound closure by approximately 40–45% compared to BMP-2 alone. This improvement highlights the synergistic interplay between HA-driven biological activity and the structural support provided by the aggregated BMP-2 network, underscoring the potential of this composite hydrogel as a promising candidate for advanced biomedical and translational applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6665-6680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SiQD-based hydrogel fiber sensor for portable, on-site β-galactosidase detection in serum","authors":"Dan Li, Yutao Shen, Zikai Xu, Wenfei Zhang, Na Li and Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D5TB02562A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB02562A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), a key senescence biomarker, is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. In this work, a portable fluorescent fiber optic sensor, based on hydrogel technology, has been designed to monitor β-Gal activity. A tapered optical fiber probe was functionalized with green-emitting silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) <em>via in situ</em> hydrogel polymerization. The sensor ingeniously exploits a β-Gal-initiated cascade reaction: the hydrolysis of the substrate by β-Gal releases a reductant, which promotes the conversion of the Cu(<small>II</small>) chelate into its chromogenic Cu(<small>I</small>) counterpart; the resultant Cu(<small>I</small>) species, in turn, quench the fluorescence of SiQDs <em>via</em> an inner-filter effect. This sensor showed a linear response for β-Gal between 2.0 and 15.0 U L<small>⁻¹</small>, achieving an analytical sensitivity threshold of 1.60 U L<small>⁻¹</small>. It exhibited a combination of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, strong anti-interference capability, facile fabrication and portability. The sensor accurately quantified β-Gal in real serum and urine samples, with reliability confirmed through standard-addition recovery tests. This represents a mobile, highly effective approach for online, ultratrace β-Gal activity detection in biological specimens and opens new avenues for portable biosensor development.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6702-6709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosine monomer nanocrystal as a potent ice recrystallization inhibition activity","authors":"Yong Duk Kim, Yedam Lee, Dong June Ahn and Dong-Kwon Lim","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00077K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00077K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ice growth inhibition is crucial in cryotechnology, as uncontrolled recrystallization during the frozen state and freeze-thaw cycles causes irreversible damage to biological samples. Nanoscale materials that mimic antifreeze proteins and exhibit ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity have been explored as cryoprotectants; however, the structural features that govern potent IRI activity remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of nanoparticle size and functionality on the IRI activity. Polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs, 30–1000 nm) were used as inert nanoscale models, and amino acid derivatives with phenyl groups with or without hydroxyl functionality, including <small>L</small>-phenylalanine monomers, pentamers of <small>L</small>-phenylalanine (Phe-5), <small>L</small>-tyrosine, and 3,4-dihydroxy-<small>L</small>-phenylalanine, were examined. Among these, we found that tyrosine monomer nanocrystals (TMNs) display exceptionally potent IRI activity under both extracellular and intracellular conditions, which is attributed to nanoscale structure formation, hydroxyl functionality, and high colloidal stability. TMNs enhance cell survival during cryopreservation, even at low dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations, whereas Phe-5 and other analogs show limited activity owing to aggregation or lack of hydroxyl groups. These results elucidate the key factors influencing IRI activity, including nanoscale assembly with high colloidal stability and the presence of a hydroxy functional group. Therefore, considering the biocompatibility of <small>L</small>-tyrosine, our study shows that TMNs are promising supplementary materials for cryobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 22","pages":" 6805-6813"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elaboration of antibacterial polyurethanes for medical devices by a scalable process","authors":"Baptiste Caron, Marc Maresca, Amélie Leroux, Marie Lemesle, Jean Louis Coussegal, Loic Fontaine, Elizabeth A. Murphy, Christopher M. Bates, Phong H. Nguyen, Phillip A. Kohl, Olivier Soppera, Stéphane Canaan, Isabelle Poncin, Yohann Guillaneuf and Catherine Lefay","doi":"10.1039/D5TB02613J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB02613J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Medical devices are critical for patient survival in hospitals, yet they represent a leading cause of infections. Polyurethanes (PU), owing to their alternating hard- and soft-segment architecture, enable the fabrication of a broad spectrum of biocompatible materials from highly flexible to rigid and rank among the most prevalent polymers in device manufacturing. Conventional infection prevention relies on incorporating releasable antimicrobial agents into PU matrices; although straightforward to implement, these systems suffer from short-lived efficacy. Surface grafting of active molecules offers an alternative with superior longevity but entails protracted and expensive development. Here, we present a simple, effective, and industrially scalable process for producing antimicrobial PU grades tailored to biomedical applications. By dispersing and co-extruding just 2 wt% of an antibacterial copolymer within a PU matrix, we impart robust antibacterial properties without compromising mechanical performance. We further demonstrate compatibility with essential manufacturing additives, applicability across diverse PU grades, and crucially sustained bioactivity after three months of aqueous immersion or repeated bacterial challenges, all while maintaining non-toxicity. D-SIMS analysis provides the first direct molecular evidence of the antibacterial copolymer's incorporation in PU, revealing homogeneous bulk dispersion with preferential surface enrichment, ideal for contact-killing and unambiguous detection <em>via</em> the <small>¹²⁷</small>I counterion despite minimal 2 wt% loading. This streamlined approach thus emerges as a compelling alternative to existing strategies, paving the way for safer and more reliable medical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6343-6354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/tb/d5tb02613j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}