Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in chemotherapy for cancer therapy over Cu-based nanocatalysts","authors":"Meng-Yu Wang and Zhi-Xin Li","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01140F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01140F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recently, the emerging chemotherapy (CDT) has provided a new biocompatibility pathway for cancer therapy. Among them, Cu-based nanocatalysts with good biocompatibility and Fenton-like catalytic efficiency are considered to be a promising approach for enhancing CDT and CDT-involved multimodal synergies to improve the effectiveness of catalytic cancer therapy. Meanwhile, the emerging <em>in situ</em> therapy strategy promoted by Cu-based nanocatalysts has proven to exhibit attractive clinical application potential in replacing traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer therapy with significant toxic side effects. In this work, the recent progress of various Cu-based nanocatalysts in cancer therapy was reviewed, especially the remarkable achievements in the catalytic treatment of cancer in the tumor microenvironment using CDT and CDT-involved multimodal synergies. In addition, the development expectations and challenges of Cu-based nanocatalysts in the field of cancer therapy were briefly summarized and discussed. We expect that this review will contribute to the development of Cu-based nanocatalysts for cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 44","pages":" 11336-11346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the power of liquid chromatography in examining a library of degradable poly(2-oxazoline)s in nanomedicine applications†","authors":"Ekaterina Tsarenko, Natalie E. Göppert, Philipp Dahlke, Mira Behnke, Gauri Gangapurwala, Baerbel Beringer-Siemers, Lisa Jaepel, Carolin Kellner, David Pretzel, Justyna A. Czaplewska, Antje Vollrath, Paul M. Jordan, Christine Weber, Oliver Werz, Ulrich S. Schubert and Ivo Nischang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01812E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01812E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A library of degradable poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) analogues (dPOx) with different length of the alkyl substituents was characterized in detail by gradient elution liquid chromatography. The hydrophobicity increased with increased side chain length as confirmed by a hydrophobicity row, established by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Those dPOx were cytocompatible and formed colloidally stable nanoparticle (NP) formulations with positive zeta potential. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that dPOx with increased hydrophobicity tended to form NPs with increased sizes. NPs created from the most hydrophobic polymer, degradable poly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline) (dPNonOx), showed tendency for aggregation at pH 5.0, and in the presence of protease in solution, in particular for NPs formulated without surfactant. Liquid chromatography revealed enzymatic degradation of dPNonOx NPs, clearly demonstrating the disappearance of polymer signals and the appearance of hydrophilic degradation products eluting close to the chromatographic void time. The degradation process was confirmed by <small>¹</small>H NMR spectroscopy. dPNonOx NPs containing the anti-inflammatory drug BRP-201 as payload reduced 5-lipoxygenase activity in human neutrophils. Thereby, composition analysis of the resultant NPs, including drug quantification, was also enabled by liquid chromatography. The results indicate the importance of a detailed analysis of the final polymer-based NP formulations by a multimethod approach, including, next to standard applied techniques such as DLS/ELS, the underexplored potential of liquid chromatography. The latter is demonstrated to resolve a fine structure of solution composition, together with an assessment of possible degradation pathways and is versatile in determining hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of polymer materials. Our study underscores the power of liquid chromatography for characterization of soft matter drug carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 11926-11938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/tb/d4tb01812e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbing microtubule-endoplasmic reticulum dynamics by gold nanoclusters for improved triple-negative breast cancer treatment†","authors":"Kai Cao, Kaidi Luo, Yichen Zheng, Liyuan Xue, Wendi Huo, Panpan Ruan, Yuchen Wang, Yilin Xue, Xiuxiu Yao, Dongfang Xia and Xueyun Gao","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01492H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01492H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microtubules are highly dynamic structures, and their dynamic instability is indispensable for not only cell growth and movement, but also stress responses, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Docetaxel, a microtubule targeting agent (MTA), is the first-line drug for cancer treatment by simultaneously promoting microtubule dysregulation- and ER stress-induced cell death. However, it also causes adverse effects and drug resistance, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. In this study, we developed a peptide-templated gold nanocluster, namely GA. GA significantly sensitizes TNBC cells to docetaxel, causing severe cell death. This effect is further validated by a 3D tumor spheroid model. Mechanistically, GA disrupted microtubule dynamic instability, meanwhile promoting PERK-mediated ER stress. Interestingly, ER stress inhibitors profoundly suppressed microtubule dysregulation, suggesting a retrograde regulation of ER stress on microtubules. <em>In vivo</em>, the combined administration of docetaxel and GA significantly suppresses tumor growth while docetaxel alone cannot. GA similarly elevated the level of caspases and PERK within tumors as <em>in vitro</em>. Importantly, GA treatment also profoundly promoted the production of anti-tumor inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we developed an ER-microtubule regulatory nanomaterial that enhanced the therapeutic effect of docetaxel by elevating tumor cell death and anti-tumor cytokine production, providing a potential supplemental strategy for TNBC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 45","pages":" 11648-11658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Biologically responsive, sustainable release from metallo-drug coordinated 1D nanostructures","authors":"Naohiro Kameta, Soo Jin Lee, Mitsutoshi Masuda and Toshimi Shimizu","doi":"10.1039/D4TB90170C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB90170C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Retraction of ‘Biologically responsive, sustainable release from metallo-drug coordinated 1D nanostructures’ by Naohiro Kameta <em>et al.</em>, <em>J. Mater. Chem. B</em>, 2013, <strong>1</strong>, 276–283, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TB00101B.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 42","pages":" 11042-11042"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/tb/d4tb90170c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent discrimination of cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione in urine samples using a novel seleno-BODIPY probe†","authors":"Beatriz S. Cugnasca, Hugo M. Santos, Frederico Duarte, José Luis Capelo-Martínez, Alcindo A. Dos Santos and Carlos Lodeiro","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01539H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01539H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), play crucial roles in various physiological processes and serve as biomarkers for oxidative stress and redox homeostasis. Their structural similarities, however, pose significant challenges in selective detection and quantification, limiting the availability of suitable probes. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on a seleno-BODIPY (<strong>Se-BODIPY</strong>) derivative, enabling rapid discrimination and quantification of Cys, Hcy, and GSH with low detection limits (Cys = 0.8 μM, Hcy = 20.4 μM, and GSH = 35.9 μM) <em>via</em> fluorescence. The probe exhibits high selectivity towards these biothiols over 11 amino acids, operating through dual-mode detection (absorption and emission spectra) with a visible color change from blue to orange (Cys/Hcy) or pink (GSH) in a turn-on fluorescence process. Notably, the distinct reaction mechanisms between <strong>Se-BODIPY</strong> and GSH <em>versus</em> Cys/Hcy lead to a more prominent blue shift for Cys/Hcy, facilitating their differentiation. Kinetic studies further differentiate Cys from Hcy, with the BODIPY reacting much faster with Cys than the latter. The effectiveness of the sensor was demonstrated in quantifying biothiols in urine samples, providing a non-invasive method with high recovery rates. Additionally, its incorporation into paper strips allows detection of biothiols in water samples <em>via</em> visible and UV light-induced color changes, indicating its potential for solid-state detection without organic solvents.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 12038-12049"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly porous polycaprolactone microspheres for skeletal repair promote a mature bone cell phenotype in vitro†","authors":"Thomas E. Paterson, Robert Owen, Colin Sherborne, Hossein Bahmaee, Amy L. Harding, Nicola H. Green, Gwendolen C. Reilly and Frederik Claeyssens","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01532K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01532K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Improving our ability to treat skeletal defects is a critical medical challenge that necessitates the development of new biomaterials. One promising approach involves the use of degradable polymer microparticles with an interconnected internal porosity. Here, we employed a double emulsion to generate such round microparticles (also known as microspheres) from a polycaprolactone-based polymerised high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE). These microspheres effectively supported the growth of mesenchymal progenitors over a 30-day period, and when maintained in osteogenic media, cells deposited a bone-like extracellular matrix, as determined by histological staining for calcium and collagen. Interestingly, cells with an osteocyte-like morphology were observed within the core of the microspheres indicating the role of a physical environment comparable to native bone for this phenotype to occur. At later timepoints, these cultures had significantly increased mRNA expression of the osteocyte-specific markers dentin matrix phosphoprotein-1 (Dmp-1) and sclerostin, with sclerostin also observed at the protein level. Cells pre-cultured on porous microspheres exhibited enhanced survival rates compared to those pre-cultured on non-porous counterparts when injected. Cells precultured on both porous and non-porous microspheres promoted angiogenesis in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In summary, the polycaprolactone polyHIPE microspheres developed in this study exhibit significant promise as an alternative to traditional synthetic bone graft substitutes, offering a conducive environment for cell growth and differentiation, with the potential for better clinical outcomes in bone repair and regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 45","pages":" 11746-11758"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/tb/d4tb01532k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disassembly of self-assembling peptide hydrogels as a versatile method for cell extraction and manipulation†","authors":"Cosimo Ligorio, Magda Martinez-Espuga, Domenico Laurenza, Alex Hartley, Chloe B. Rodgers, Anna M. Kotowska, David J. Scurr, Matthew J. Dalby, Paloma Ordóñez-Morán and Alvaro Mata","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01575D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01575D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) are increasingly being used as two-dimensional (2D) cell culture substrates and three-dimensional (3D) matrices due to their tunable properties and biomimicry of native tissues. Despite these advantages, SAPHs often represent an end-point in cell culture, as isolating cells from them leads to low yields and disruption of cells, limiting their use and post-culture analyses. Here, we report on a protocol designed to easily and effectively disassemble peptide amphiphile (PA) SAPHs to retrieve 3D encapsulated cells with high viability and minimal disruption. Due to the pivotal role played by salt ions in SAPH gelation, tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na<small>₄</small>EDTA) was used as metal chelator to sequester ions participating in PA self-assembly and induce a rapid, efficient, clean, and gentle gel-to-sol transition. We characterise PA disassembly from the nano- to the macro-scale, provide mechanistic and practical insights into the PA disassembly mechanism, and assess the potential use of the process. As proof-of-concept, we isolated different cell types from cell-laden PA hydrogels and demonstrated the possibility to perform downstream biological analyses including cell re-plating, gene analysis, and flow cytometry with high reproducibility and no material interference. Our work offers new opportunities for the use of SAPHs in cell culture and the potential use of cells cultured on SAPHs, in applications such as cell expansion, analysis of <em>in vitro</em> models, cell therapies, and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 11939-11952"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inherently targeted estradiol-derived carbon dots for selective killing of ER (+) breast cancer cells via oridonin-triggered p53 pathway activation†","authors":"Aftab Hossain Khan, Ambalika Basak, Afreen Zaman and Prasanta Kumar Das","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01415D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01415D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >One of the most prevalent cancers globally is breast cancer and approximately two thirds of the breast cancers are hormone receptor positive with estrogen receptors (ER) being a prominent target. Notably, p53 that controls several cellular functions and prevents tumor formation, gets suppressed in breast cancers. Reactivation of p53 can lead to cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis. Therefore, targeting the estrogen receptor for selective delivery of anticancer drugs that can reactivate p53 in ER (+) breast cancers can be a crucial method in breast cancer therapy. Herein, we have designed and developed estradiol-derived inherently targeted specific carbon dots (<strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong>) from 17<em>β</em>-estradiol and citric acid following a solvothermal method. The synthesized carbon dots were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The water soluble, intrinsically fluorescent <strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong> showed excellent biocompatibility in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 as well as NIH3T3 cells and demonstrated target specific bioimaging in ER (+) MCF-7 cells due to the overexpressed ER receptors. Furthermore, oridonin, a well-known hydrophobic anticancer drug capable of upregulating the p53 pathway, was loaded on the carbon dots to increase its bioavailability. <strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong>-Ori caused ∼2.2 times higher killing in ER (+) MCF-7 cells compared to ER (−) MDA-MB-231 cells and normal cells NIH3T3. Also, <strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong>-Ori showed ∼3 fold better killing in MCF-7 cells compared to native oridonin. <strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong>-Ori-induced killing of MCF-7 cells took place through the early to late apoptotic pathway along with the elevation of the intracellular ROS level. Importantly, <strong>E<small>₂</small>-CA-CD</strong>-Ori triggered the activation of the p53 pathway in MCF-7 cells, which in turn induced apoptosis involving the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 leading to the selective and efficient killing of ER (+) MCF-7 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 45","pages":" 11708-11720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-therapy via integrated curcumin and doxorubicin modified cerium-based UiO-66 MOFs using an antioxidant and anticancer therapeutic strategy†","authors":"Chao-Jan Liu, Jung-Hua Lin, Man-Tzu Li, Er-Chieh Cho and Kuen-Chan Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01206B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01206B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The quest for effective cancer treatment methodologies underpins numerous research endeavors. Despite the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy against malignant tumors, tumor recurrence post-therapy remains a formidable challenge. Addressing this, we developed a dual drug delivery system, rooted in a modified metal–organic framework (MOF), specifically by substituting the metal nodes of Uio-66 with cerium to augment its anti-oxidative potential. This engineered system, pyrene-modified hyaluronic acid, functions as a linker, enabling the self-assembly and encapsulation of both the material and the therapeutic agents, and encompasses both doxorubicin and curcumin, aimed at targeting cancer cell eradication and tumorigenesis inhibition. This system demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity through free radical scavenging assays, positioning it as a potential agent in mitigating tumor recurrence. Enhanced anti-tumor activity was distinctly evidenced in human colon cancer cell lines. Additionally, <em>in vitro</em> drug release assessments revealed slow-release kinetics and acid-responsive traits, attributed to the incorporation of pyrenylated hyaluronic acid. Within the xenograft nude mouse model, this system contained a lower amount of doxorubicin, yet, exhibited tumor inhibition capability comparable to the free doxorubicin group. Moreover, it delivered anticancer efficiency under conditions of enhanced antioxidative capacity, underscoring its prospective utility in clinical cancer therapeutics. This dual drug delivery platform not only advances cancer treatment and prophylaxis but also extends novel insights into the therapeutic implications of simultaneous dual drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 46","pages":" 11983-11995"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A photocrosslinkable and anti-inflammatory hydrogel of loxoprofen-conjugated chitosan methacrylate†","authors":"Xiangheng Guan, Xin-Gang Wang, Binbin Sun, Hongsheng Wang, Mohamed EL-Newehy, Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed, Xiumei Mo, Bei Feng and Jinglei Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01956C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01956C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymer–drug conjugates are widely used for drug delivery. Herein, we report an injectable hydrogel for local delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using chitosan (CS) as a carrier polymer. Loxoprofen (LOX) was conjugated to the backbone of CS <em>via</em> carbodiimide chemistry to obtain the LOX–CS conjugate. This conjugation transformed the water-insoluble unmodified CS into the water-soluble LOX–CS conjugate. In particular, the LOX–CS conjugate did not precipitate at pH 7, allowing smooth subsequent chemical modification with methacrylic anhydride (MA) to synthesize LOX–CS methacrylate (LOX–CS–MA) with significantly higher methacrylation substitution. The LOX–CS–MA was capable of <em>in situ</em> gel formation under visible light irradiation in the presence of a benzoin-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate lithium (LAP) photoinitiator. Our results show that the LOX–CS–MA hydrogel exhibited good cytocompatibility and blood compatibility. It promoted M2 polarization, inhibited pro-inflammatory gene expression, and upregulated anti-inflammatory gene expression of macrophages. Furthermore, the LOX–CS–MA hydrogel significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. A subcutaneous implanted LOX–CS–MA hydrogel in a rat model revealed significantly reduced inflammatory cell density, decreased cell infiltration, and a much thinner fibrous capsule compared to the CS methacrylate (CS–MA) hydrogel, thus markedly alleviating the inflammatory response. This study highlights the feasibility of CS–drug conjugates in preparing CS-based methacrylate hydrogels for sustained drug release.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 47","pages":" 12251-12264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}