Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"In situ engineered selenium nanoparticles enable multifunctional PLA mixed matrix membranes with potential for hemodialysis","authors":"Aleksandra Domke, Mariusz Jancelewicz, Tomasz Szymański, Marcin Jarek, Jakub Rybka, Szymon Mania, Adrianna Banach-Kopeć, Zuzanna Buchwald, Mariusz Sandomierski, Maria Ratajczak, Marcel Jakubowski, Marta Woźniak-Budych and Katarzyna Staszak","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00354K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00354K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of advanced membrane materials capable of combining high filtration efficiency, fouling resistance, antibacterial activity and blood compatibility remains a key challenge in the design of next-generation hemodialysis systems. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA)/PEG mixed-matrix membranes incorporating selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), synthesised <em>in situ</em> using ascorbic acid, were fabricated and evaluated as potential candidates for hemodialysis applications. Comprehensive physicochemical characterisation (SEM, TEM, FT-IR, AFM) confirmed the effective formation and uniform distribution of Se-NPs within the polymer matrix, as well as their influence on membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, and nanomechanical properties. The incorporation of Se-NPs significantly improved antifouling performance by reducing BSA adsorption and increasing hydrophilicity, with the 30Se membrane showing the most favourable behaviour. Filtration studies revealed a promising balance between permeability and selectivity, including high pure water flux, efficient creatinine clearance (&gt;90%), and reduced BSA loss, highlighting their relevance for dialysis-like separation processes. Additionally, Se-NP loading imparted antibacterial activity, particularly against <em>E. coli</em>, which may help mitigate infection risks associated with extracorporeal blood purification. Biocompatibility assessments including cytotoxicity, hemolysis, plasma recalcification time, and platelet adhesion demonstrated that the materials maintain excellent compatibility with blood components. Overall, the incorporation of Se-NPs into PLA-based membranes yields multifunctional materials with strong potential for future hemodialysis applications, warranting further optimisation and in-depth biological evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6397-6418"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide targeting MDR wound pathogens and biofilms: effective therapeutics for chronic wound management","authors":"Mayank Maan, Shubhi Joshi, Panchali Barman, Satvika Sharma and Avneet Saini","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00557H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00557H","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are a major contributor to chronic and non-healing wound infections, where biofilms, high ionic strength and protease-rich exudates severely limit the performance of conventional antimicrobials. By 2050, antimicrobial resistance has been projected to cause 10 million deaths annually, raising an urgent need for therapeutics that can remain active in harsh wound microenvironments. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer broad-spectrum activity, their clinical applicability is limited due to poor stability, low bioavailability and host toxicity, thus restricting their translational value in wound care. To overcome these limitations, two synthetic peptides, one with N-/C-terminal capping (b-DP1) and the other, an enantiomeric form, &lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-form (&lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1), were tested for improved antimicrobial efficacy, protease resistance and suitability for wound-like physiological conditions. Both analogues showed markedly enhanced antibacterial potency, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 1–32 µM (b-DP1) and 1–8 µM (&lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1), against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including MDR clinical isolates and a representative fungal pathogen, extending the antimicrobial spectrum to include fungal pathogens frequently encountered in polymicrobial chronic wounds. The novel peptides retained their activity under protease-rich, high-salt and serum-rich conditions that mimic chronic wound exudates, with &lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1 showing complete resistance to trypsin degradation. Time-kill assays demonstrated rapid bactericidal action within 30 minutes and no bacterial regrowth was observed for up to 48 hours. Serial passage studies confirmed that neither analogue induced bacterial resistance even after 10 consecutive cycles of exposure. Mechanistic analyses supported by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) imaging and confirmed by impedance spectroscopy revealed extensive bacterial membrane disruption. Both peptides inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations of 8 µM and above, resulting in visible disruption of mature biofilms. &lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1 was particularly effective in reducing biomass by more than 90%. Importantly, the peptides displayed excellent biocompatibility, with hemolytic and cytotoxic thresholds exceeding 64 µM, representing an eight-fold safety margin above their effective antimicrobial doses. In addition, &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; wound healing models mimicking mechanical, punch-type and thermal injuries demonstrated that &lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1 supports cellular migration and recovery even under inflammatory conditions, highlighting its compatibility with tissue regeneration processes. In scratch wound assay, &lt;small&gt;D&lt;/small&gt;-DP1 treatment resulted in around 76% wound closure within 24 hours, compared to 40% in untreated controls. In patch wound assays, it promoted migration of approximately 1500 cells into the wound ","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 22","pages":" 6862-6889"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-primed reprogrammed neurons suppress the glial scar and facilitate axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury","authors":"Xuan Sun, Jiangnan Yu, Wenwen Deng and Ximing Xu","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00620E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00620E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in permanent sensory-motor deficits due to the formation of an inhibitory glial scar and the massive loss of neurons. Chemical reprogramming into induced neuron-like cells (iNLCs) is a promising therapy, but free small molecules (like curcumin) cause high cytotoxicity and low conversion. Additionally, graft survival in the harsh SCI microenvironment remains poor. We developed curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Cur-PLGA-NPs) for sustained release. Human fibroblasts were reprogrammed into iNLCs using CHIR99021 and Cur-PLGA-NPs by stages, validated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and bulk-RNA sequencing. These iNLCs were encapsulated in a biomimetic 3D fibrin hydrogel and implanted into a rat complete SCI model to evaluate cell survival, microenvironmental remodeling, and functional recovery. <em>In vitro</em>, the sustained release effect of Cur-PLGA-NPs mitigated curcumin toxicity, achieving an 86.0% reprogramming efficiency of mature neurons. Transcriptomics confirmed fibroblastic gene silencing and neuronal network activation. <em>In vivo</em>, the composite scaffold ensured long-term graft retention, increasing rat survival to 100%. At 8 weeks post-SCI, treated rats exhibited remarkable motor recovery and gait correction. Histology demonstrated significant glial scar attenuation and robust regeneration of NF200-positive nerve fibers bridging the lesion. The integration of sustained release from nanoparticles and a biomimetic hydrogel effectively mitigates the toxicity of small molecules and ensures robust cell engraftment. This strategy effectively remodels the pathological microenvironment, promotes axon regeneration, and restores motor function, providing a promising and comprehensive therapeutic approach for severe SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6606-6623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly stable nanosized lucigenin@PS-COOH: a robust chemiluminescence system for sensitive cTnT analysis","authors":"Fugang Li, Qiang Li, Feng Chen, Chenxu Yan, Yongxi Zhao and Zhiqian Guo","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00753H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00753H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High sensitivity and accuracy in detecting the myocardial damage biomarker, human cardiac troponin T (cTnT), are critical for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, conventional chemiluminescent (CL) probes suffer from instability, poor solubility, and inadequate bioavailability, which limit their clinical utility. Here, we describe a novel nanosized CL system (lucigenin@PS-COOH) for cTnT detection, wherein carboxyl polystyrene (PS-COOH) microspheres encapsulate lucigenin, significantly enhancing stability, water dispersibility, and antibody conjugation. Compared with traditional CL probes, lucigenin@PS-COOH exhibits exceptional stability, biocompatibility, and CL signal intensity. In addition, lucigenin@PS-COOH demonstrates excellent linearity with clinical data from Longhua Hospital, suggesting strong potential as a clinical assay for cTnT detection in real-world patient samples. Thus, lucigenin@PS-COOH can serve as a powerful tool for accurate cTnT detection in clinical settings and facilitate further research into the role of cTnT in disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6518-6524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular engineering of B/N substituents in asymmetrical salicylaldimine-based boranils for tuning solid-state emission and cellular lipid-droplet imaging","authors":"Xiaoyan Gao, Mingyue Cao, Jie Huang, Haiyang Yu, Zhiqiang Liu and Xiaoqiang Yu","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00747C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00747C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Boranil derivatives have rapidly emerged as readily synthesized and strongly emissive materials. While their properties can be easily tuned by varying the salicylaldimine precursor, little attention has been paid to the effect of substituents on the boron atom. In this work, a series of asymmetrical BFPh-bridged boranil derivatives were synthesized, and their photophysical properties in solution and solid state were investigated. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed that five second-period elements (from B to F) were incorporated into a single molecule within this family of asymmetrical BFPh-bridged compounds. These derivatives not only retain nearly unity quantum yields and show potential for lipid droplet imaging, but also display Stokes shifts that are 20 nm larger than those of the corresponding symmetric BF<small>₂</small>- and BPh<small>₂</small>-bridged analogues.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6262-6269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of a hybrid cellularized cardiac patch via 3D bioprinting of alginate-gelatin-PEOz patterns on electrospun PLCL-PEOz nanofibers","authors":"Muthu Parkkavi Sekar, David Raj Chellappan, Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi and Swaminathan Sethuraman","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00103C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00103C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cellular cardiac patches for treating myocardial infarction (MI) need to exhibit both structural fidelity and functional features for their effective regeneration. To achieve a biomimetic patch, we report the development of a hybrid cellular cardiac patch by integrating electrospinning and extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. A thermoresponsive bioink composed of sodium alginate-gelatin-polyethyl oxazoline (AGP) was optimized for direct printing onto an electrospun nanofiber support matrix. Electrospun-aligned B73 (a 7 : 3 blend of poly(<small>L</small>-lactide-<em>co</em>-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and polyethyl oxazoline (PEOz)) hydrophilic nanofibers were used as the support matrix, which offered oriented topographical cues and heterogeneous nanofiber distribution. Following the bioprinting, dual crosslinking using calcium chloride and microbial transglutaminase enhanced the Young's modulus (193 ± 63 kPa), ultimate tensile strength (285 ± 59 kPa) and long-term stability of the patch. <em>In vitro</em> studies of the hybrid cardiac patch (AGP-B73) produced by bioprinting primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) encapsulated in AGP bioink onto the aligned B73 nanofiber surface demonstrated robust cell viability, contractility, anisotropy and maturation. Evaluation using a 2D hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) <em>in vitro</em> model showed that patch implantation preserved the NRVCM viability under hypoxic stress. This study serves as a proof of concept for the AGP-B73 cardiac patch as a promising candidate for MI treatment and potential drug testing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 22","pages":" 7013-7033"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a dual-action nitric oxide and propolis releasing polymeric matrix for extended antimicrobial efficacy","authors":"Aasma Sapkota, Sadah Schell, Mofoluwasade O. Popoola, Hitesh Handa and Elizabeth J. Brisbois","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00666C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00666C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Infection of indwelling medical devices is one of the major healthcare threats, often resulting in sepsis, device failure, and even death. The conventional treatment approach for these infections is often systemic, utilizing antibiotics that may lead to unwanted side effects or the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This has led to research into an effective antimicrobial technique that would not further contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Nitric oxide (NO) releasing materials are excellent antimicrobial agents that effectively thwart multiple bacterial strains. Additionally, the incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents such as propolis is a facile and cost-effective way to increase the efficacy and longevity of NO releasing materials without posing any cytotoxic concern. Herein, the fabrication of a NO and propolis releasing polymeric matrix enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against <em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, and <em>C. albicans</em>. The material was able to release a physiologically relevant amount of NO for 7 days while exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity through the action of propolis well beyond day 7. The as-reported NO and propolis releasing polymeric substrate showed a significant reduction in the viability of <em>S. aureus</em> after incubation under physiological conditions for 28 days, while demonstrating excellent cytocompatibility against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Thus, the reported facile technique for the fabrication of a dual-action antimicrobial polymer can open avenues for their use in indwelling medical device applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 22","pages":" 6850-6861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix-bound Tenascin-C directs neuronal differentiation through stiffness-tuned MeHA hydrogels mimicking the spinal cord microenvironment","authors":"Rounak Pokharel, Vasanti Dhakate, Jessica Onyak, Elif Ertugral, Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli and Nic D. Leipzig","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00247A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00247A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a complex remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), where Tenascin-C (TNC) is strongly upregulated during the early phases of the injury cascade. While TNC is known to influence neural cell behavior, its functional role and mode of presentation in guiding neuronal differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we developed a stiffness-controlled methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) hydrogel platform that mimics the mechanical properties of the spinal cord and enables defined matrix immobilization of TNC. <em>In vivo</em> analyses showed elevated TNC expression from day 1, with the strongest perilesional signal during the subacute period (1 week–1 month). Using this temporal insight, we investigated the role of matrix-bound <em>versus</em> soluble TNC in directing neuronal differentiation of induced spinal cord progenitor cells <em>in vitro</em>. Immobilized TNC presented with naïve spinal cord stiffness matched MeHA substrates significantly enhanced neuronal and motor neuron differentiation, as evidenced by increased βIII-tubulin and ISL1 expression, compared to soluble TNC or unmodified controls. These effects were strongly dependent on both ligand concentration and matrix stiffness, highlighting a narrow bioactive window for TNC-mediated signaling (effective window: 100-200 nM; reduced responses at ≥300 nM). Furthermore, bulk 3D MeHA hydrogels functionalized with TNC supported cell viability and sustained neuronal differentiation, demonstrating translational relevance for future scaffold-based neural repair. These findings identify TNC as a matrix-bound bioactive cue that interacts with the mechanical environment to regulate neuronal lineage commitment, providing a framework for designing next-generation biomaterials for neural repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6419-6434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/tb/d6tb00247a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-function hydrogel microspheres coordinate immune regulation and osteogenesis coupling to promote femoral regeneration","authors":"Lingjun Wang, Zhengxia Ni, Yiyang Huang, Jiannan Mao, Jie Wu, Wei Wang, Xinzhao Jiang, Liang Zhou, Jincheng Tang, Kun Xi, Yong Gu and Liang Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5TB02399H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB02399H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The skeletal immune microenvironment plays a critical role in the repair of bone defects; however, current strategies focusing on macrophage M2 polarization and their application in bone regeneration remain limited. To address this, we developed a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) microsphere system using microfluidic technology, co-loading IL-4 and chitosan–BSA nanoparticles (CNP) encapsulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to achieve temporally controlled release and immuno-osteogenic synergistic regulation. In the early stage, IL-4 secretion promotes macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, improving the inflammatory microenvironment, while the sustained release of CGRP subsequently enhances angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, establishing a microenvironment favorable for bone regeneration. In a femoral condyle defect model, these composite microspheres significantly accelerated new bone formation and defect healing, exhibiting an osteogenic pattern centered around the microspheres. This study provides a novel temporally controlled release strategy for promoting bone regeneration through immune microenvironment modulation, offering potential translational value in bone tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 6377-6396"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A near-infrared fluorescent-photoacoustic nanoprobe for tumor targeted photodynamic–photothermal therapy","authors":"Di Zhao, Yingzhong Zhu, Shunyi Wang, Qiuqi Gao, Wanyang Li, Han Yang, Bo Wu, Lin Kong and Changjie Mao","doi":"10.1039/D6TB00206D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6TB00206D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer phototherapy has emerged as a promising noninvasive modality with natural and precise spatiotemporal control for oncology. However, conventional photosensitizers are often limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, hypoxia-compromised efficacy, modest photothermal conversion, and/or off-target phototoxicity. To address these challenges, we develop a novel NIR fluorescent nanoprobe, PCB NPs, which self-assemble into ∼40 nm spherical particles featuring an emission maximum at 950 nm with a tail extending to 1200 nm, thereby enabling deep-tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Notably, this nanoprobe demonstrates excellent tumor-targeting capability, achieving tumor accumulation within just 6 hours post-intravenous administration as confirmed by <em>in vivo</em> NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Under 808 nm light irradiation, PCB NPs simultaneously activate a type I pathway to generate superoxide anion O<small>₂</small>˙<small>⁻</small>, and achieve 49.96% photothermal conversion efficiency. Theoretical calculations atomistically elucidate the mechanisms underlying the superior photothermal conversion and excellent photostability of PCB. The combined photodynamic and photothermal effects lead to promoted lymphocyte infiltration and aggravate intratumoral hypoxia and overcome cellular thermotolerance mechanisms, which successfully results in a pronounced 99.34% tumor growth inhibition without discernible histopathological damage to major organs or changes in body weight. These findings establish PCB NPs as a promising platform for next-generation precision cancer phototherapy, integrating rapid tumor targeting, deep-tissue imaging, hypoxia-resilient ROS generation, and potent photodynamic–photothermal effects within a single nanoprobe.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 19","pages":" 6065-6075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}