Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"E-seed skin: a carbohydrate–protein hybrid nanostructure for delayed germination and accelerated growth†","authors":"Parul Sharma, Bandana Kumari Sahu, Kanchan Swami, Mahima Chandel, Prem Kumar, Thanikaivelan Palanisamy and VijayaKumar Shanmugam","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01603C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01603C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The main purpose of the seed industry is to cater seeds with desired strength and viability, for which seed coating is a basic requirement. Herein, a hybrid coating of an electrosprayed protein (collagen) on electrospun nanofibers having a multidentate zinc-reinforced carbohydrate (pectin)/PVA composite (PVA/Pec/Zn/Col-NF) was developed. The zinc ensured covalent binding with the –OH in pectin/PVA in addition to the native galvanic binding between the polymers. Along with this, hydrogen bonding interactions between the –NH<small>₂</small> groups of electrosprayed collagen and the –OH groups in PVA/pectin further enabled the formation of a highly stable nanostructure. Controlled electrodeposition of collagen nanoparticles on the PVA/Pec/Zn-NF led to a decreased surface roughness scale with enhanced moisture resistance. The humidity resistance of the coating and the participation of zinc as a nutrient delayed the germination by 8 days and accelerated the tomato seedling's growth by approximately two times, respectively. The presence of zinc in the coating formulation enabled oxidative stress protection by boosting the superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, the fungal resistance of the coating enabled the seeds to germinate even in the presence of phytopathogens. Thus, the approach of using the developed PVA/Pec/Zn/Col-NF coating material to construct a tight packing without affecting viability of the seed demonstrates a pioneering seed coating technique for increasing global food security amidst climate change and global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3895-3905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical biofilm models using sodium alginate beads containing bacteria embedded in a cellulose–chitosan hydrogel matrix†","authors":"Shiwei Li, Yuxuan Ji, Xuxiang Xue, Yaohao Yang, Yi Huang, Shuiqing Yang and Xianfeng Chen","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02015D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02015D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In biofilm studies, a stable model is crucial for exploring infection mechanisms, antibiotic resistance, and evaluating materials’ antibiofilm performance. Cultured biofilms often face challenges, such as slow maturation or rapid bacteria dispersion. Therefore, developing a stable, mature-stage biofilm model is critical for effective biofilm research. In this study, we report a beads-in-hydrogel biofilm model, in which sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel beads that contain bacteria are embedded within a chitosan–cellulose hydrogel film to simulate natural bacterial biofilms. This model can retain bacteria for a relatively long period of time, preventing their dispersion to the surrounding areas while keeping them viable. The reliability of the model was validated by measuring functional molecules, including extracellular DNA and biofilm-forming related proteins. Overall, this study presents a stable 3D beads-in-hydrogel biofilm model that effectively replicates natural biofilms, providing a reliable platform for exploring infection mechanisms, antibiotic resistance, and evaluating antibiofilm strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3952-3958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d4tb02015d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic nanomaterials in Parkinson's disease: a transformative approach for early detection and targeted therapy","authors":"Amira Mansour, Mariam Hossam Eldin and Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02428A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02428A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by substantial loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to both motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impact quality of life. The prevalence of PD is expected to increase with the aging population, affecting millions globally. Current detection techniques, including clinical assays and neuroimaging, lack the sensitivity and specificity to sense PD in its earliest stages. Despite extensive research, there is no cure for PD, and available treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief rather than halting disease progression. Conventional treatments, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, provide limited and often temporary relief, with long-term use associated with significant side effects and diminished efficacy. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of metallic-based nanomaterials (MNMs), offers a promising approach to overcome these limitations. MNMs, due to their unique physicochemical properties, can be engineered to target specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in PD. These MNMs can improve drug delivery, enhance imaging and biosensing techniques, and provide neuroprotective effects. For example, gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potential in crossing the blood–brain barrier, providing real-time imaging for early diagnosis and delivering therapeutic agents directly to the affected neurons. This review aims to reveal the current advancements in the use of MNMs for the detection and treatment of PD. It will provide a comprehensive overview of the limitations of conventional detection techniques and therapies, followed by a detailed discussion on how nanotechnology can address these challenges. The review will also highlight recent preclinical research and examine the potential toxicity of MNMs. By emphasizing the potential of MNMs, this review article aims to underscore the transformative impact of nanotechnology in revolutionizing the detection and treatment of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3806-3830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d4tb02428a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative dual-contrast nanocoating for central venous catheters: prolonged infection resistance and enhanced imaging†","authors":"Hasti Tashak Golroudbari, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Mostafa Mohammadi, Ahmad Reza Dehpour, Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti, Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti and Mohammad Ali Faramarzi","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02461C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02461C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Central venous catheter (CVC) related bacteremia is an essential cause of hospital infections associated with morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Recent advancements in catheter coatings have demonstrated an effective strategy for preventing microbial colonization and biofilm formation. In this study, CVCs coated with green and facile laccase–manganese phosphate hybrid nanostructures [(Mn<small>₃</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₂</small>·HNSs] prevented bacterial adhesion by 100%, 80%, 60%, and 58% for <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, respectively. The modified CVCs inhibited planktonic bacterial growth by up to 95% under static and dynamic flow conditions. Furthermore, the prepared CVCs showed high hemocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, and long-term antibacterial performance, meeting the essential requirements of catheterization. The modified catheter offered superior detectability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, a valuable advancement for ongoing patient monitoring. Moreover, <em>in vivo</em> assessment using the mouse catheterization model revealed no inflammatory response associated with the implanted CVCs. Therefore, the prepared laccase@ Mn<small>₃</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₂</small>·HNSs could be a promising strategy for developing safe and effective antibacterial coatings to combat infections associated with biomedical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 11","pages":" 3653-3668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the mechanical and antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite bioceramics by in situ graphene doping to promote osseointegration in infected bone defects†","authors":"Qipeng Li, Hao Shi, Yuyi Wang, Ruitao Hu, Cong Feng, Xiaodong Ma, Ye Wang, Xiangfeng Li, Xiangdong Zhu and Xingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02330G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02330G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics are extensively utilized in the field of bone repair owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. However, their applications in load-bearing bones are significantly limited because of their inherent brittleness. Achieving a suitable balance between mechanical strength and osteogenic activity remains a critical challenge. In this work, HA ceramics with <em>in situ</em> graphene doping were fabricated <em>via</em> ball-milling and vacuum sintering processes in a convenient way, thereby increasing their fracture toughness and flexural strength to the levels of natural cortical bone. Furthermore, <em>in situ</em> graphene doping imparted outstanding photothermal property to HA bioceramics, achieving wet temperatures exceeding 60 °C under near-infrared radiation at 808 nm and exhibiting excellent antibacterial efficacy with a bacteriostasis rate of approximately 96% against <em>S. aureus</em>. Additionally, HA bioceramics with <em>in situ</em> graphene doping promoted the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The anti-infective capability and osseointegration potential of these doped HA bioceramics were further validated using an infected bone defect model in the rabbit femur. In summary, these findings indicate that <em>in situ</em> graphene doping holds immense potential for broadening the applications of HA bioceramics in the repair of load-bearing and infected bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3930-3944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAD+ modulation with nicotinamide mononucleotide coated 3D printed microneedle implants†","authors":"Masood Ali, Wenhao Huang, Yicheng Huang, Xiaoxin Wu, Sarika Namjoshi, Indira Prasadam, Heather A. E. Benson, Tushar Kumeria and Yousuf Mohammad","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01856G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01856G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<small>⁺</small>) deficiency has been shown to cause pathogenesis of age-related functional decline and diseases. Investigational studies have demonstrated improvements in age-associated pathophysiology and disease conditions. However, invasive methods such as immunohistochemistry, metabolic assays, and polymerase chain reaction currently used to measure cell metabolism render cells unviable and unrecoverable for longitudinal studies and are incompatible with <em>in vivo</em> dynamic observations. We report a non-invasive optical technique to investigate the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<small>⁺</small>) in keratinocytes (both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex vivo</em>) upon administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) coated microneedle (μNDs) implants. Our technique exploits intrinsic autofluorescence of cells and tissues using multiphoton microscopy. Additionally, μND coating formulations to date have been evaluated using fluorescence microscopy to determine the coated amount, often an imprecise correlation between fluorescence intensity and the coated amount on the μND surface. We also show that rheomechanical attributes of the coating formulation (containing two different viscosity enhancers: sucrose and carboxy methyl cellulose) affect the flow mechanics of the coating formulation at micron scale, and thus the amount of drug coated on the μND surface. <em>In vitro</em> keratinocyte cells were investigated with four concentrations of NMN (50, 250, 500 and 1000 μg), and evaluated with time-dependent NMN (500 μg) treatment at 0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 360 and 1460 min. We demonstrate that intracellular keratinocyte fluorescence of the endogenous NADH shows a decreasing trend in both the average fluorescence lifetime (<em>τ</em><small>_m</small>) and the free unbound NADH (<em>τ</em><small>₁</small>), with increasing dosage of NMN administration. A similar trend in the average fluorescence lifetime (<em>τ</em><small>_m</small>) of endogenous NAD(P)H was also seen in mouse ear skin <em>ex vivo</em> skin upon administration of NMN. We show a promising, minimally invasive, alternative delivery system for the NAD<small>⁺</small> precursor molecule that can enhance patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 11","pages":" 3564-3580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A liquid metal-based sticky conductor for wearable and real-time electromyogram monitoring with machine learning classification†","authors":"Zixin Lin, Mingmei Luo, Jiayi Liang, Zijie Li, Yanting Lin, Xiaman Chen, Baozhu Chen, Liang Peng, Yongchang Ouyang and Lei Mou","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01711K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01711K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Skin electronics face challenges related to the interface between rigid and soft materials, resulting in discomfort and signal inaccuracies. This study presents the development and characterization of a liquid metal–polydimethylsiloxane (LM–PDMS) sticky conductor designed for wearable electromyography (EMG) monitoring. The conductor leverages a composite of LM inks and PDMS, augmented with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and surface-modified with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUD) to enhance conductivity. The mechanical properties of the PDMS matrix were optimized using Triton-X to achieve a flexible and adhesive configuration suitable for skin contact. Our LM–PDMS sticky conductor demonstrated excellent stretchability, could endure up to 300% strain without damage, and maintained strong adherence to the skin without relative displacement. Biocompatibility tests confirmed high cell viability, making it suitable for long-term use. EMG signal analysis revealed reliable muscle activity detection, with advanced signal processing techniques effectively filtering noise and stabilizing the baseline. Furthermore, we employed machine learning algorithms to classify EMG signals, achieving high accuracy in distinguishing different muscle activities. This study showcases the potential of LM–PDMS sticky conductors for advanced wearable bioelectronics, offering promising applications in personalized healthcare and real-time muscle activity monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3906-3917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ-targeted drug delivery systems (OTDDS) of poly[(N-acryloylglycine)-co-(N-acryloyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester)] copolymer library and effective treatment of triple-negative breast cancer†","authors":"Sukanya Patra, Jyotirmayee, Krishan Kumar, Divya Pareek, Prem Shankar Gupta, Anjali Ramsabad Mourya, Taniya Das, Kirti Wasnik, Malkhey Verma, Ruchi Chawla, Tarun Batra and Pradip Paik","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02445A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02445A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organ-targeted drug delivery systems (OTDDS) are essential for the effective treatment of complicated diseases. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer with high mortality and requires targeted therapeutics. This work was aimed at designing a library of polymeric OTDDS with <em>N</em>-acryloyl-glycine (NAG) and <em>N</em>-acryloyl-<small>L</small>-phenylalanine methyl ester (NAPA) [p(NAG-<em>co</em>-NAPA)<small>_{(<em>x</em>:<em>y</em>)}</small>] and screening its <em>in vivo</em> organ-targeting specificity. Among this library, the best p(NAG-<em>co</em>-NAPA)<small>_{(<em>x</em>:<em>y</em>)}</small> NPs with an <em>x</em> : <em>y</em> ratio of 1 : 4 and size of 160–210 nm targeted breasts to a high extent compared to other organs and thus were optimized for TNBC treatment. A network pharmacology study was performed, which revealed that 14 genes were responsible for TNBC, and a combination of DHA (targets 6 genes) and piperine (targets 8 genes) drugs was used to optimize the formulation, achieving the maximum therapeutic efficiency against TNBC with an IC<small>₅₀</small> value of 350 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. The designed organ-specific polymeric nanoparticle (NP) library, identification of target genes and proteins responsible for TNBC, and the optimized formulation for effective combination therapy established an effective therapeutic option for TNBC. The findings of this work further demonstrate that this polymeric library of NPs shows exciting therapeutic potential for treating TNBC and presents innovative treatment options for critical diseases of the liver, heart, lungs and kidney.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 12","pages":" 3876-3894"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d4tb02445a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in 3D gel culture systems for enhanced angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering","authors":"Aijing Shi, Yixin Shi, Jie Li, Minghan Ye, Xiaoqing Ma, Yuke Peng, Kuo Gai and Junyu Chen","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01139B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB01139B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling is a crucial process in bone tissue engineering, requiring a suitable material structure for vessel growth. Recently, the 3D culture system has gained significant attention due to its benefits in cell growth, proliferation and tissue regeneration. Its most notable advantage is its ECM-like function, which supports endothelial cell adhesion and facilitates the formation of vascular-like networks—crucial for angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling. Hydrogels, with their highly hydrophilic polymer network resembling the extracellular matrix, make the 3D gel culture system an ideal approach for angiogenesis due to its cellular integrity and adjustable properties. This article reviews the current use of 3D gel culture systems in bone tissue engineering, covering substrates, characteristics and processing technologies, thereby offering readers profound insights into these systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 11","pages":" 3516-3527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the antibacterial potential of ZIFs and their derivatives: mechanistic insights","authors":"Geetika Jain, Radhika Chaurasia, Bani Preet Kaur, Ontar Paul Chowdhury, Hiranmay Roy, Richa Rani Gupta, Bhaskar Biswas, Sandip Chakrabarti and Monalisa Mukherjee","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02682A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02682A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Antibiotic resistance presents an alarming threat to global health, with bacterial infections now ranking among the leading causes of mortality. To address this escalating challenge, strategies such as antibiotic stewardship, development of antimicrobial therapies, and exploration of alternative treatment modalities are imperative. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), acclaimed for their outstanding biocompatibility and <em>in vivo</em> biodegradability, are promising avenues for the synthesis of novel antibiotic agents under mild conditions. Among these, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a remarkable subclass of MOFs, have emerged as potent antibacterial materials; the efficacy of which stems from their porous structure, metal ion content, and tunable functionalized groups. This could be further enhanced by incorporating or encapsulating metal ions, such as Cu, Fe, Ti, Ag, and others. This perspective aims to underscore the potential of ZIFs as antibacterial agents and their underlying mechanisms including the release of metal ions, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of bacterial cell walls, and synergistic interactions with other antibacterial agents. These attributes position ZIFs as promising candidates for advanced applications in combating bacterial infections. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach for synthesizing ZIFs and their derivatives, demonstrating exceptional antibacterial efficacy against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. By highlighting the benefits of ZIFs and their derivatives as antibacterial agents, this perspective emphasizes their potential to address the critical challenge of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 10","pages":" 3270-3291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}