Archives of Virology最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Mutations in the Hepatitis Delta Virus Genome Based on Full-Length Sequencing in Individuals Infected with Genotype 3 in Brazil","authors":"Tárcio Peixoto Roca,&nbsp;Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz,&nbsp;Ana Maisa Passos-Silva,&nbsp;Mayara Torquato Lima da Silva,&nbsp;Eugênia de Castro-Silva,&nbsp;Lourdes Maria Pinheiro Borzacov,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Villalobos-Salcedo,&nbsp;Deusilene Vieira,&nbsp;Livia Melo Villar","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06697-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06697-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>HDV has a high genetic diversity among isolates and a high capacity to accumulate mutations over time. The mechanisms involved in the clinical progression of HDV are not fully elucidated. Few studies relate mutations to clinical implications, which makes this variable extremely relevant for research into HDV-3, a genotype associated with worse clinical progression. The aim of this study was to analyze mutations in complete genome sequences of HDV-3 isolated in the Brazilian Western Amazon. During 2010 to 2023, 35 hepatitis Delta patients with mild or advanced fibrosis gave serum samples that were submitted to conventional PCR and sequencing. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were analyzed along the delta antigen sequence based on the reference strain NC_076103.1. N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Large HDAg, molecular modeling and docking analyses were performed. 114 non-synonymous substitutions were identified in 76 positions along the HDAg-L. To synonymous mutations, 46 substitutions were found in 44 nucleotide sites. S/L8P/Q/M was the most frequent mutation among the advanced fibrosis group. The D46E and A70T mutation was more observed among patients with increased AST. These associations showed statistically significant p-values. Mutations in the N-terminal region of Large HDAg led to minor conformational changes. The C-terminal region indicates moderate structural differences caused by the mutations. The binding conformation of Large HDAg with Mutant2C exhibiting the most stable interaction, as suggested by its docking score. This study shows some evidence of the influence of HDAg mutations in relation to clinical significance, providing insights for further, longitudinal research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00705-026-06697-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of Salehabad virus obtained from the field after a 64-year silence","authors":"Daisuke Kobayashi,&nbsp;Kardelen Yetismis,&nbsp;Suha Kenan Arserim,&nbsp;Metin Pekagirbas,&nbsp;Kentaro Itokawa,&nbsp;Haruhiko Isawa,&nbsp;Seray Toz,&nbsp;Yusuf Ozbel,&nbsp;Chizu Sanjoba,&nbsp;Shinji Kasai","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06701-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06701-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports the first re-isolation of a wild-type Salehabad virus (SALV) since 1959, from a pool of male sand flies collected in Türkiye in August 2023. The isolate and the 1959 prototype strain shared 86–92% nucleotide identity across the four coding sequences but 95–99% amino acid identity; for the L protein, 12% nucleotide divergence corresponded to 1% amino acid divergence. Because male sand flies do not blood-feed, this isolation indicates transmission between sand flies by a route other than blood-feeding. These findings highlight the cryptic circulation of SALV and underscore the importance of monitoring historically overlooked phleboviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00705-026-06701-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of H6N1 avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in the republic of Korea and Mongolia (2022–2024)","authors":"Kyuyoung Lee,&nbsp;Se-Hee An,&nbsp;Gyeong-Beom Heo,&nbsp;Youn-Jeong Lee,&nbsp;Kwang-Nyeong Lee,&nbsp;Yong-Myung Kang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06705-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06705-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a continuous threat to global poultry production and animal health, maintained largely within wild bird reservoirs and dispersed along migratory flyways. Among these, the low-pathogenic H6N1 subtype circulates widely across East Asia and is a key subject of genomic surveillance. In this study, we characterized the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments of seven H6N1 viruses isolated from 9,206 wild bird fecal samples across 10 key breeding habitats in Mongolia (April–October, 2022–2024) and evaluated their genetic relationships with seven H6N1 strains isolated from fecal samples of wild birds (<i>n</i> = 7,419) and domestic ducks (<i>n</i> = 79,386) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) between September 2023 and April 2024 using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. All analyzed isolates belonged to the Northeast Asian lineage, primarily diverging into two regional subclades around 2016–2017 (time to the most recent common ancestor [tMRCA]: HA, Dec 2017; NA, Nov 2016). Both HA and NA phylogenies exhibited a ladder-like topology structured across distinct geographical regions, indicating localized variant generation and turnover. Comparable evolutionary rates and restricted reassortment between HA and NA segments underscore strong co-adaptation driven by functional balance between HA receptor binding and NA enzymatic activity. Despite the substantial geographical distance between Mongolia and the ROK, these H6N1 isolates demonstrated close genetic connectivity within the Northeast Asian lineage (Bayes factor &gt; 100). Their surface gene diversification was primarily shaped by antigenic drift alongside restricted regional intra- and inter-clade reassortment. Given the continuous evolutionary dynamics of surface glycoproteins, sustained transboundary monitoring across wild waterfowl and poultry populations is warranted to track regional H6N1 variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and complete genome sequence of a novel secovirus infecting Broussonetia kaempferi in China","authors":"Jinhong Yang,&nbsp;Jun Ling,&nbsp;Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Weiqing Kong","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06704-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06704-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel secovirid, tentatively named Broussonetia kaempferi secovirus (BkSV), was identified from a <i>Broussonetia kaempferi</i> transcriptome dataset. Its bipartite positive-sense RNA genome comprises two segments (6,300 nt and 3,564 nt), each encoding a single large polyprotein. The RNA1 polyprotein contains six conserved domains associated with replication, and the RNA2 polyprotein is cleaved into movement and coat proteins. Amino acid identities of the conserved regions between the 3 C-like proteinase and the RNA-directed RNA polymerase encoded on RNA1 and those of coat protein encoded on RNA2 relative to known members of <i>Comovirinae</i> were below species demarcation criteria. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that BkSV represents a new species in the genus <i>Mersevirus</i>, family <i>Secoviridae</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBV PreS/S gene mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B","authors":"Bülent Çakal,&nbsp;Bilger Çavuş,&nbsp;Alp Atasoy,&nbsp;Mesut Bulakçı,&nbsp;Mine Güllüoğlu,&nbsp;Filiz Akyüz","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06685-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06685-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variants in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) PreS/S gene have been suggested to contribute to the development of progressive liver disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between HBV PreS/S variations and liver histopathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B. A total of 109 patients under clinical follow-up for chronic hepatitis B were included. The HBV PreS/S gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced using the Sanger method. Amino acid substitutions, nonsense mutations, and deletions were analyzed in relation to liver fibrosis stage. Overall, 58 of 389 amino acid sites (14.9%) in the HBV PreS/S gene showed substitutions, with the highest mutation rate observed in the PreS2 region (27.27%). Mutations L54P (PreS1), F130L/S (PreS2), and S207R/N/I/T and I208T (S gene) were significantly more frequent in patients with advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Multivariable analysis identified S207R/N/I/T as an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis. Patients with PreS2 mutations had higher fibrosis scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The S207R/N/I/T mutation in the C-terminal region of the HBV S protein is independently associated with liver fibrosis, while PreS2 mutations may contribute to fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis B.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of passion fruit yellow spot virus, a novel potyvirus infecting passion fruit in La Réunion","authors":"Jean-Michel Lett,&nbsp;Murielle Hoareau,&nbsp;Evelyne Parvedy,&nbsp;Clarisse Clain,&nbsp;Janice Minatchy,&nbsp;Estelle Roux,&nbsp;Michel Grisoni,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Teycheney,&nbsp;Pierre Lefeuvre","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06700-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06700-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Passion fruit (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>) leaves displaying yellow spot symptoms were collected in La Réunion. Whilst viral indexing suggested single infections with potyviruses, high-throughput sequencing revealed both single and mixed infections involving cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV; species <i>Potyvirus vignae</i>) and a previously undescribed potyvirus, for which the name passion fruit yellow spot virus (PaYSV; tentative species <i>Potyvirus passifloraflavamaculae</i>) is proposed. Complete genome sequences (9,626 nucleotides) of two PaYSV isolates were obtained from these samples, using RNA sequencing after ribodepletion. The two isolates were highly similar (&gt; 99.3% nucleotide identity) and shared the highest nucleotide (63.6%) and amino acid (71.7%) identities at the polyprotein level with passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV; <i>Potyvirus passiflorae</i>), values that are below the species demarcation thresholds. Our results provide compelling molecular and phylogenetic evidence for the presence of a novel potyvirus species infecting passion fruit in La Réunion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of PRRSV-2 ORF5 sequence diversity in Japan identifies a previously unrecognized candidate lineage-level clade","authors":"Osamu Taira,&nbsp;Ryosuke Takai,&nbsp;Yoriko Yonezawa,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Tsutsumi,&nbsp;Katsuaki Sugiura","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06696-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06696-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) exhibits extensive genetic diversity, and ORF5-based classification provides a standardized framework for global molecular surveillance. In a previous nationwide study in Japan, lineage 4 (L4) was identified as a dominant lineage exhibiting unexpectedly high genetic diversity. This observation motivated a focused reassessment of L4-assigned viruses to determine whether this heterogeneity reflected within-lineage diversification or deeper phylogenetic separation. In this study, we re-evaluated PRRSV-2 ORF5 sequences previously assigned to L4 in Japan using maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction and pairwise nucleotide distance analyses consistent with the global ORF5 classification framework. Following sequence de-duplication, 321 L4-assigned ORF5 sequences were analyzed together with global reference datasets. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two divergent clades within the L4-assigned population. One clade contained the global L4 reference sequences, whereas the other formed a distinct monophyletic group composed predominantly of Japanese sequences and supported by bootstrap values ≥ 85% at its defining node. Pairwise uncorrected nucleotide p-distance analysis showed that divergence between the two clades exceeded the 11% ORF5 lineage demarcation threshold (median between-clade p-distance = 0.133). Based on combined phylogenetic and genetic distance evidence, we report this distinct clade, provisionally designated JPL-A, as a candidate lineage-level clade separate from the major L4 clade. These findings indicate that contemporary PRRSV-2 diversity in Japan includes a lineage-level group not fully represented in historical global references and highlight the value of regional surveillance data in refining standardized ORF5-based classification resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective inactivated lumpy skin disease vaccine for cattle using a field viral strain and Montanide 206","authors":"Yondonjamts Enkhmandakh,&nbsp;Myagmarsuren Odonchimeg,&nbsp;Ariunbold Munkhtsetseg,&nbsp;Enkhbaatar Batmagnai,&nbsp;Davaanyam Nyamtseren,&nbsp;Ochirvaani Bumantsetseg,&nbsp;Gundegmaa Uudamsaikhan,&nbsp;Bumduuren Tuvshintulga,&nbsp;Ayushjav Narantuya,&nbsp;Byamba Boldbaatar,&nbsp;Bayan Dulamsuren,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Sakoda,&nbsp;Badgar Battsetseg,&nbsp;Dashzevge Erdenechimeg","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06694-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06694-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) causes significant economic losses to cattle industries. In Mongolia, LSD outbreaks were first reported in 2021, with a few additional cases later that year. The situation has since alleviated due to effective control measures, including the use of live-attenuated vaccines. However, unlike the inactivated vaccine, live-attenuated vaccines carry risks, including genetic recombination and vaccine-associated clinical symptoms and outbreaks. Our research group previously isolated a field strain of LSDV, designated DO-21, from the first outbreak in Mongolia in 2021. Using this laboratory-adapted strain, we developed an inactivated vaccine by treating it with binary ethylenimine and formulating it with Montanide ISA 206, a water-in-oil-water adjuvant. Safety was confirmed in mice and cattle using administrations of 3- and 7-fold higher doses of the inactivated vaccine, respectively. In the challenge experiments, all rabbits and cattle were fully protected by day 14 post-booster vaccination following a severe homologous challenge with same field strain (DO-21) without any clinical signs. On the same day, all five vaccinated rabbits showed seroconversion, while all five immunised calves exhibited seroconversion and neutralising antibodies, with interferon-gamma release detected in their blood samples following viral exposure. In addition, seroconversion persisted in all three vaccinated rabbits for at least 120 days post-prime vaccination, while both seroconversion and neutralising antibodies were maintained in approximately 90% cattle for 120 days post-prime vaccination. In conclusion, inactivated vaccines are alternatives to live-attenuated vaccines, particularly in countries with sporadic cases of LSD or in non-endemic countries bordering endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Detection of canine circovirus (CanineCV) co-infection in canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) cases among domestic dogs in Vietnam, 2023–2024","authors":"Hoang Minh,&nbsp;Brian Harvey Avanceña Villanueva,&nbsp;Kuo-Pin Chuang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06686-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06686-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and biological characterisation of Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 15","authors":"Yuxin Wu,&nbsp;Weilan Wu,&nbsp;Cong Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Li,&nbsp;Hui shuang Yi,&nbsp;Yue lin Li,&nbsp;Pan Gong,&nbsp;Songbai Zhang,&nbsp;Shouguo Fang,&nbsp;Qingchao Deng","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06684-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06684-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel fungal virus, designated Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 15 (MoBV15), which was isolated from the rice blast fungus. The genome of MoBV15 is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+)ssRNA 3,228 nucleotides in length with a GC content of 51.4%. It features a single open reading frame (ORF) predicted to encode a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The 5' and 3' ends of the MoBV15 genomic RNA exhibit reverse complementarity and may form a panhandle structure—a feature rarely observed. On tomato–oatmeal medium, the virus‑carrying strain C16‑MoBV15 produced conidia at a concentration of 4.3 × 10³/mL, whereas the virus‑free parental strain C16 produced 4.7 × 10³/mL, representing a reduction of approximately 7.9% in sporulation; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05), indicating that the virus does not significantly affect the sporulation capacity of C16. In terms of mycelial growth rate, a clear difference was observed between the virus‑infected and virus‑free strains: the lesion lengths of the virus‑infected strain were reduced by 42.27% (using spore suspension inoculation) and 46.28% (using mycelial plug inoculation) compared with the virus‑free strain, suggesting that MoBV15 can induce hypovirulence in the rice blast fungus host. Based on sequence comparisons and phylogenetic reconstruction, we propose that MoBV15 constitutes a novel species within the genus <i>Scleroulivirus</i> of the family <i>Botourmiaviridae</i>, thereby expanding the known diversity of fungal-associated <i>Botourmiaviridae</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}