Reem Sayad, Ahmed Saad Elsaeidy, Eslam A Hawash, Ahmed M Ali, Alzahraa Mohamed, Ibrahim Khalil
{"title":"Coinfections with monkeypox virus and varicella-zoster virus: a systematic review of case reports and case series.","authors":"Reem Sayad, Ahmed Saad Elsaeidy, Eslam A Hawash, Ahmed M Ali, Alzahraa Mohamed, Ibrahim Khalil","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06359-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06359-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have shown that, during mpox outbreaks, concomitant infections with monkeypox virus and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are not uncommon. Infection with either monkeypox virus or VZV may increase the host's susceptibility to contracting a subsequent infection. Here, we summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cases of reported monkeypox virus and VZV coinfection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough search of four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, covering the period up to 10 March 2025, and identified studies reporting coinfections with monkeypox virus and VZV. Data were extracted using a standardized sheet, and case reports and the quality of case series were assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool. Cross-sectional and cohort quality was assessed using the NIH tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic review included 18 studies with 448 cases of coinfection with monkeypox virus and VZV. The majority of cases were reported in African countries, particularly Nigeria and the DRC. Most of the patients were children or young adults, and 41.51% were male. Common predisposing factors included contact with animals, confirmed exposure to infected individuals, and immunocompromised status. Treatment approaches included antivirals (primarily acyclovir or tecovirimat) and supportive care. While most cases were managed successfully, four deaths (0.89%) were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the complex interplay between monkeypox virus and VZV in coinfections, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness, standardized diagnostic protocols, and tailored management strategies. It is important to consider coinfections when making diagnoses, especially in places where mpox is common or in cases in which the patient is at high risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhimin Tang, Yunhui He, Ya Yang, Xiaoping Zhang, Rui Zhou, Kang Zhou
{"title":"Complete genome analysis of a novel mitovirus in the phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium digitatum.","authors":"Zhimin Tang, Yunhui He, Ya Yang, Xiaoping Zhang, Rui Zhou, Kang Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06364-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06364-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus is one of the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crops globally. However, the postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum causes green mold decay in citrus fruits, leading to significant economic losses. Here, a novel mycovirus, Penicillium digitatum mitovirus 1 (PdMV1), was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus P. digitatum, and its molecular characteristics were determined. PdMV1 has a genome that is 2,517 nt in length with an A+U content of 62.7%. The single ORF encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 734 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.116 kDa. A BLASTp comparison of the RdRp sequence showed the highest similarity (65.01% identity) to that of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 32. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PdMV1 is a new member of the genus Unuamitovirus within the family Mitoviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus infecting Penicillium digitatum.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manabu Nemoto, Nanako Kawanishi, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Hiroshi Bannai, Takashi Yamanaka, Marie Garvey, Ann Cullinane, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Koji Tsujimura
{"title":"Growth properties of recombinant equine influenza viruses with different backbones generated by reverse genetics in embryonated chicken eggs.","authors":"Manabu Nemoto, Nanako Kawanishi, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Hiroshi Bannai, Takashi Yamanaka, Marie Garvey, Ann Cullinane, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Koji Tsujimura","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06368-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06368-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse genetics (RG) technology is useful for quickly updating influenza vaccine strains. A high-yield backbone (i.e., six segments other than hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) has been developed to improve the growth of avian and human influenza viruses. However, for equine influenza virus (EIV), an EIV-derived backbone may have better growth properties due to more-natural segment combinations. We compared the growth properties in eggs between the PR8 backbone and an EIV backbone from A/equine/Ibaraki/1/2007, a vaccine strain in Japan. The results showed that the PR8 backbone was propagated more efficiently and is therefore more suitable for EIV vaccine production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Zeng, Bin Tian, Liangxuan Qu, Fuyin He, Wei Huang, Shuanglong Wang, Hong Liu, Lihong Cui
{"title":"Molecular characterization of a novel mitovirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae.","authors":"Hao Zeng, Bin Tian, Liangxuan Qu, Fuyin He, Wei Huang, Shuanglong Wang, Hong Liu, Lihong Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06361-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06361-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this investigation, we identified a novel mitovirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae strain HNCS-Cc7 and named it \"Colletotrichum camelliae mitovirus 1\" (CcMV1). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that CcMV1 has 2,650 nucleotides with an A + U content of 62%. The CcMV1 genome contains a single open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 756 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.67 kDa. Using a BLASTp search, the CcMV1-RdRp demonstrated the closest sequence similarity to Sclerotinia nivalis mitovirus 2 (61.55%), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 3 (62.03%), and Botrytis cinerea mitovirus 7 (61.60%). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CcMV1 is a new member of the genus Duamitovirus of the family Mitoviridae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus infecting C. camelliae.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gayeong Kim, Beomseok Park, Seunghyeon Ji, Mokhammad Khoiron Ferdiansyah, Yonghwi Kwon, Myeongseong Cha, Manasa Gaddapara, Hwagyun Oh, Kwangpyo Kim
{"title":"Genome sequencing of Pasteurella multocida phage PMP1 elucidates a possible host resistance mechanism and suggests that it belongs to a new species.","authors":"Gayeong Kim, Beomseok Park, Seunghyeon Ji, Mokhammad Khoiron Ferdiansyah, Yonghwi Kwon, Myeongseong Cha, Manasa Gaddapara, Hwagyun Oh, Kwangpyo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06357-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06357-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pasteurella multocida, especially capsular serotype A, is a zoonotic pathogen that is found mainly in livestock. While antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections, bacteriophage therapy has become an important alternative due to the issue of antibiotic resistance. Although four virulent P. multocida-infecting phages have been described, their interactions with their hosts have not been extensively studied. In this study, a novel virulent phage, PMP1, was isolated from a livestock waste treatment facility in Korea. This phage has a short, non-contractile tail with an isometric head and specifically lyses toxA-negative serotype A strains but can adsorb to toxA-positive strains. PMP1 has a genome of 38,049 bp in length with no genes related to lysogeny. Bioinformatic analysis and transmission electron microscopy suggest that a toxA-containing prophage could be involved in the restriction-modification system; however, the correlationof the presence of toxA with phage resistance was not clearly established. The structural proteins were identified for the first time in a P. multocida-infecting phage by LC-MS/MS analysis, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PMP1 could be a member of new species in the genus Wuhanvirus. These findings suggest that this phage should be investigated further as a potential anti-P. multocida agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyi Wang, Shuanghui Yin, Sumin Pan, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yupeng Fang, Tian Zhao, Li Li, Jie Zhang, Kazimierz Tarasiuk, Yongsheng Liu, Zygmunt Pejsak, Shunli Yang
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of the virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain CHGS20 in China.","authors":"Jingyi Wang, Shuanghui Yin, Sumin Pan, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yupeng Fang, Tian Zhao, Li Li, Jie Zhang, Kazimierz Tarasiuk, Yongsheng Liu, Zygmunt Pejsak, Shunli Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06334-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06334-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), which threatens the swine industry worldwide. Although commercial PEDV vaccines are available, the disease continues to plague the swine industry in China. Therefore, isolating PEDV from clinical samples is beneficial for conducting molecular epidemiological investigations, developing effective vaccines and diagnostic methods, and investigating pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, a genotype II PEDV strain, CHGS20, was isolated from a small-intestine sample collected in 2020 from a PEDV-infected piglet and propagated in Vero cells. Virus production in cell culture was confirmed by cytopathology, immunofluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The infectious virus titers during the first 10 passages ranged from 10<sup>3.3</sup> to 10<sup>7.8</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub> per mL. The inactivated CHGS20 virus was found to induce a potent neutralizing antibody response in immunized mice, with a mean neutralizing antibody titer of 1:136 against the homologous strain and 1:46 against the genotype I strain JX18. The dynamics of the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by CHGS20 and JX18 were analyzed using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system. The results indicated that this CPE assay has the potential to be used to assess the neutralizing activity of antibodies and facilitate the development of antiviral agents. These findings will be helpful for future understanding, control, and prevention of PED.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tonny Kinene, Andrew S Taylor, Richard Fennessy, Brenda A Coutts, David Lovelock, Cuiping Wang, Kamalpreet Kaur, Thao Tran, Brendan Rodoni, Fiona E Constable, Monica A Kehoe
{"title":"First detection and tracing of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in Australia using tiled amplicon sequencing.","authors":"Tonny Kinene, Andrew S Taylor, Richard Fennessy, Brenda A Coutts, David Lovelock, Cuiping Wang, Kamalpreet Kaur, Thao Tran, Brendan Rodoni, Fiona E Constable, Monica A Kehoe","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06366-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06366-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV; species Grablovirus vitis, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) poses a significant threat to viticulture worldwide, impacting grapevine health and wine quality. Here, we report the first detection and tracing of GRBV in Australia and provide a summary of a subsequent survey to determine the extent of GRBV distribution in Western Australia. Additionally, the study introduces a tiled amplicon sequencing method, which, when combined with long-read nanopore sequencing, enables rapid GRBV genome sequencing. Our analysis suggests a single introduction of GRBV from North America to Australia through the state of Victoria and subsequently to Western Australia. Finally, this study provides insight into the epidemiology of GRBV, based on strain variation and distribution, which is a crucial step in supporting an emergency biosecurity response and implementing effective control measures to safeguard the sustainability of the wine industry in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine A Mariskanish, Tristan Hallum, Sam S Lee, Christian K Fung, Thomas R Tchingambu, Matthew A Conte, Jun Hang
{"title":"West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes and dead birds from the San Gabriel Valley, California, 2021-2022.","authors":"Christine A Mariskanish, Tristan Hallum, Sam S Lee, Christian K Fung, Thomas R Tchingambu, Matthew A Conte, Jun Hang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06365-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06365-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Nile virus (WNV) continues to circulate in the United States and infects humans and animals. Constant vector and environment surveillance is essential for public health protection. We generated WNV genome assemblies from dead birds and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected in 26 cities in Los Angeles County, California, USA, in 2021-2022. We report molecular surveillance of arboviruses, human cases, and genomic and phylogenetic analysis. Our study contributes WNV genome sequence data from mosquitoes and dead birds in southern California in two recent years, providing information about WNV genetic divergence and virus evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoqi Wang, Changping Xie, Xuetuan Lin, Li Zheng, Daipeng Chen
{"title":"Genome characterization of a novel mitovirus infecting the plant-pathogenic fungus Diaporthe sp.","authors":"Zhaoqi Wang, Changping Xie, Xuetuan Lin, Li Zheng, Daipeng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06362-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06362-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A previously uncharacterized mitovirus, designated as \"Diaporthe mitovirus 3\" (DMV3), was identified and isolated from the fungal pathogen Diaporthe sp. (isolate B-16) in this study. The DMV3 genome is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) molecule of 2,319 nucleotides (nt) with a GC content of 40%. It contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consisting of 679 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 76.4 kDa. Comparative analysis using BLASTp revealed that the RdRp of DMV3 exhibits the highest sequence similarity (64.56% identity) to Pestalotiopsis mitovirus 2 (PMV2). Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences demonstrated that DMV3 clusters together with PMV2 within a distinct clade, supporting its classification as a member of the genus Unuamitovirus within the family Mitoviridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The application and discovery of animal models in enterovirus research.","authors":"Nana Du, Jing Chen, Yuwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06367-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-025-06367-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus infection remains a significant global public health challenge, causing severe diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and meningitis. Given the current lack of effective broad-spectrum antiviral therapies, it is important to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of viruses using animal models in order to accelerate the development of intervention strategies. This review systematically examines the progress in the development of animal models for enterovirus research, with particular emphasis on non-human primates, rodents, and non-viral infection models. Non-human primates are considered ideal for studying natural enterovirus infections due to their high degree of physiological and immunological similarity to humans. Rodent models, while cost-effective and relatively easy to handle, often rely on the use of viruses with adaptive mutations or immunodeficient animals, which may not fully replicate the human immune response. Non-viral infection models can be used to obtain novel insights into virus-host interactions. Current challenges include the need to overcome discrepancies between animal models and human disease phenotypes, as well as the limitations imposed by the host specificity of viral strains. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies, organoids, and artificial intelligence to optimize model construction, advance translational research, and provide precise tools for enterovirus prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 8","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}