Archives of Virology最新文献

A novel varicosavirus associated with Orychophragmus violaceus in China 中国一种与紫斑田鼠相关的新型静脉曲张病毒

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06283-9

Yuanling Chen, Qian Li, Jiaping Yu, Yali Zhou, Shifang Fei, Jianxiang Wu, Shuai Fu

{"title":"A novel varicosavirus associated with Orychophragmus violaceus in China","authors":"Yuanling Chen, Qian Li, Jiaping Yu, Yali Zhou, Shifang Fei, Jianxiang Wu, Shuai Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06283-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06283-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant rhabdoviruses have garnered considerable attention due to their broad host range and significant agricultural threats. Despite their prevalence in various ecosystems, rhabdoviruses in non-crop species, which often serve as reservoirs for novel viral strains, remain understudied. Here, a novel plant rhabdovirus, Orychophragmus violaceus varicosavirus (OVVV), was identified in the ornamental plant <i>Orychophragmus violaceus</i> and characterized by high-through sequencing. OVVV has a bisegmented genome, with RNA1 consisting of 6,795 nucleotides (nt) and RNA2 consisting of 5,895 nt. The L protein encoded by RNA1 shares 36.4–67.2% amino acid sequence identity with those of known varicosaviruses. The four proteins encoded by RNA2 share 19.5–53.4% amino acid identity with the corresponding proteins of known varicosaviruses. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis indicated that OVVV is a novel RNA virus representing a new species within the genus <i>Varicosavirus</i>. This discovery not only expands the known host range of varicosaviruses but also offers new insights into the molecular evolution of this group of viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in HepG2 cells via modulation of the Raf-1 and interferon-alpha signaling pathways by thymoquinone 百里醌通过调节Raf-1和干扰素- α信号通路抑制丙型肝炎病毒在HepG2细胞中的复制

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06294-6

Rasha Sleem, Ahmed Salah, Amal Abd Alziz, Ahmed A. Daif, Ahmed A. Abdel Megeed, Hany Khalil

{"title":"Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in HepG2 cells via modulation of the Raf-1 and interferon-alpha signaling pathways by thymoquinone","authors":"Rasha Sleem, Ahmed Salah, Amal Abd Alziz, Ahmed A. Daif, Ahmed A. Abdel Megeed, Hany Khalil","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06294-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06294-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health concern, as both acute and chronic hepatitis caused by HCV can lead to liver cancer and long-term liver damage. Thymoquinone (TQ), the active compound found in the remarkable herb <i>Nigella sativa</i>, has various anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of TQ on the interferon-alpha (IFN-α) pathway and its ability to prevent HCV replication in the HepG2 cell line. Our findings showed no significant alterations in cell viability or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production in TQ-treated cells, while significant alteration in both factors was detected in cells treated with Sovaldi, the most commonly used drug for treatment of HCV infection. Interestingly, the level of the HCV NS5A protein was significantly reduced in infected cells treated with either TQ or Sovaldi in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 (phospho-Raf-1) and phospho-Mek-1 in infected cells was inhibited by TQ treatment, and the potential interaction between TQ and Ref-1 was confirmed by a molecular docking simulation. Unlike autophagy-related 12 (Atg12), the expression of LC3B in infected cells was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by TQ treatment. Conversely, the levels of interleukin-27 (IL-27) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in infected cells were significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner by TQ treatment. These data suggest that TQ exerts antiviral effects in HepG2 cells by disrupting HCV replication through targeting of the Raf-1 signaling pathway and promoting the overproduction of IL-27 and IFN-α in infected cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypes, subtypes, and genetic variability of hepatitis B virus from blood donors in Timor-Leste 东帝汶献血者乙型肝炎病毒的基因型、亚型和遗传变异

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06305-6

Hendriketa da Silva, Juniastuti, Mochamad Amin, Januari Soares, Miguel Soares, Hitler Malik, Antonio Ximenes, Maria Bela, Bernadino Fernandes

{"title":"Genotypes, subtypes, and genetic variability of hepatitis B virus from blood donors in Timor-Leste","authors":"Hendriketa da Silva,  Juniastuti, Mochamad Amin, Januari Soares, Miguel Soares, Hitler Malik, Antonio Ximenes, Maria Bela, Bernadino Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06305-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06305-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Timor-Leste experiences high hepatitis B endemicity; however, information about hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants in Timor-Leste is still limited. In this study, we determined genotypes and subtypes and identified mutations in the surface (S), polymerase (P), basal core promoter (BCP), precore (PC), and core (C) genes of HBV isolates from blood donors in Timor-Leste. Sera were examined using serological tests and PCR sequencing. Out of 127 sera tested, 38 (30%) were positive for the hepatitis B S antigen (HBsAg). Thirty-eight sequences of the S and P genes, 22 sequences of the BCP and PC regions, and 23 sequences of C genes were determined and analyzed. The most common genotype/subtype was C/<i>adrq+</i>, followed by B/<i>ayw1</i>, B/<i>adw2</i>, and C/<i>adw2</i>. Several mutations in the S protein that are associated with vaccine escape were identified in samples of genotype C (I110L, S113T, T126I, T143S, Y161F) and B (K122R), some of which might have been from vaccinated individuals. None of the healthy carriers had taken anti-HBV drugs, but one was infected with a virus with a mutation in the P gene associated with anti-HBV drug resistance (Y141F). The mutations A1762T and G1764A in BCP were detected in 18.1-22.7% of the samples. In the PC region, the mutation C1858T was the most frequent, followed by G1896A and G1899A. In the C gene, 13 mutations (P5T, T67N, E77Q, P79Q/A, E83D, V91T, I97L/F, L116I, and P130I/P/T) associated with severe liver disease were identified. Viruses obtained from four healthy carriers who were later found to have died of hepatocellular carcinoma also showed those mutations. In conclusion, among blood donors in Timor-Leste, HBV genotype/subtype C/<i>adrq+</i> and several mutations in the S and C genes were prevalent. Routine implementation of a national immunization program and monitoring of disease progression in healthy carriers should be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seroprevalence of anti-influenza antibodies in humans and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Russia during the 2023–2024 flu season 2023-2024年俄罗斯流感季节人类抗流感抗体的血清流行率和季节性流感病毒的特征

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06303-8

Svetlana V. Svyatchenko, Nikita D. Boldyrev, Anastasia S. Panova, Natalia P. Kolosova, Kiunnei N. Shadrinova, Natalia I. Goncharova, Galina S. Onkhonova, Alina R. Muratova, Alexey V. Danilenko, Elena I. Danilenko, Andrey S. Gudymo, Natalia N. Vasiltsova, Marina L. Egorova, Ksenia I. Ivanova, Tatiana N. Ilyicheva, Vasily Y. Marchenko, Alexander B. Ryzhikov

{"title":"Seroprevalence of anti-influenza antibodies in humans and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Russia during the 2023–2024 flu season","authors":"Svetlana V. Svyatchenko, Nikita D. Boldyrev, Anastasia S. Panova, Natalia P. Kolosova, Kiunnei N. Shadrinova, Natalia I. Goncharova, Galina S. Onkhonova, Alina R. Muratova, Alexey V. Danilenko, Elena I. Danilenko, Andrey S. Gudymo, Natalia N. Vasiltsova, Marina L. Egorova, Ksenia I. Ivanova, Tatiana N. Ilyicheva, Vasily Y. Marchenko, Alexander B. Ryzhikov","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06303-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06303-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2023–2024 flu season in Russia was dominated by influenza A(H3N2) viruses. In this study, we isolated seasonal influenza viruses from human respiratory specimens, analyzed their genetic and antigenic properties, and assessed their susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors. In total, we isolated 207 influenza virus isolates. Of them, 95.2% were subtyped as A(H3N2), 1.9% as A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2.9% as B/Victoria influenza viruses. The hemagglutinin sequences of the A(H3N2) isolates showed that they belonged to several subclades within the 2a.3a.1 genetic group, with the J2 subclade being predominant. Despite their genetic diversity, all A(H3N2) strains tested using a hemagglutination inhibition assay were antigenically similar to the egg-propagated vaccine strain A/Darwin/09/2021(H3N2). The B/Victoria virus isolates belonged to the C.5 and C.5.7 subclades of the genetic group V1A.3a.2 and were antigenically similar to cell- and egg-propagated variants of the vaccine strain B/Austria/1359417/2021. All of the A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates belonged to the 6B.1A.5a.2a genetic clade and were well-recognized by a ferret antiserum raised against a cell-propagated A/Wisconsin/67/2022(H1N1pdm09)-like reference strain. All of the tested isolates were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir, including two A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with an NA-S247N substitution. Seroprevalence analysis showed that 60%, 54%, and 46% of the human blood samples tested were seropositive for the A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria antigens from the 2022–2023 vaccine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complete genome sequence analysis of a new Escherichia phage, GaoY1-9D 新噬菌体GaoY1-9D的全基因组序列分析

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06298-2

Xianghe Zeng, Rongfeng Gao, Hui He, Xinyuan He, Chang Liu, Xiangyu Fan

引用次数: 0

HPV genotypes in Africa: comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics 非洲人乳头瘤病毒基因型：遗传多样性和进化动力学的综合分析

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06299-1

Malika Allali, Rachid El Fermi, Khaoula Errafii, Wajih Abdelaziz, Najib Al Idrissi, Karima Fichtali, Hicham El Fazazi, Adil El Ghanmi, Bouchra Ghazi, Sanaa El Majjaoui, Nabil Ismaili, Nouha Messaoudi, Lahcen Wakrim, Youssef Bakri, Hassan Ghazal, Salsabil Hamdi

{"title":"HPV genotypes in Africa: comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics","authors":"Malika Allali, Rachid El Fermi, Khaoula Errafii, Wajih Abdelaziz, Najib Al Idrissi, Karima Fichtali, Hicham El Fazazi, Adil El Ghanmi, Bouchra Ghazi, Sanaa El Majjaoui, Nabil Ismaili,  Nouha Messaoudi, Lahcen Wakrim, Youssef Bakri, Hassan Ghazal, Salsabil Hamdi","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06299-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06299-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread and diverse group of viruses that are responsible for various clinical conditions, including cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. In Africa, the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes vary significantly across different regions. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and evolutionary dynamics of HPV genotypes across various African countries to provide insights into the prevalence and transmission patterns of HPV. A total of 9203 genome sequences of HPV isolates from cervical samples from 21 African countries were obtained from the GenBank database. Of these, 184 were identified as unique sequences and were used for further analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the African HPV sequences share genetic ancestry with European sequences, whereas American isolates are less closely related. Migration analysis revealed a significant asymmetry in HPV flow, with migration rates from Africa to Europe consistently exceeding those in the opposite direction, suggesting that Africa is a major source of HPV genetic variants entering Europe. This interconnectedness underscores the intricate interplay of historical, regional, and cultural determinants that have collectively contributed to shaping the genomic landscape of African strains. The geographically variable HPV genotypes 35, 31, 16, 18, 58, 45, 7, and 66 are the most common in Africa. Algeria, Morocco, Rwanda, and Guinea have diverse genotypes, and the rates of infection are highest in the Republic of Congo and Chad.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in four provinces of China 中国四省牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分子检测与基因分型

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06304-7

Ying Liu, Feng Zhou, Xuan-ang Wang, Xi-Meng Chen, Lan-Lan Zheng, Hong-Ying Chen, Shi-Jie Ma

{"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in four provinces of China","authors":"Ying Liu, Feng Zhou, Xuan-ang Wang, Xi-Meng Chen, Lan-Lan Zheng, Hong-Ying Chen, Shi-Jie Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06304-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06304-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major pathogens hindering the development of the global beef industry. To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of this virus, a total of 77 fecal samples were collected from cattle with diarrhea in Henan, Sichuan, Shandong, and Hebei provinces of China during 2023–2024 and screened for the presence of BVDV using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that 35 of the 77 bovine samples (45%) were positive for BVDV, with the highest positive rate of 26% (20/77) in Henan province. The 5ʹ-UTR sequences of the viruses from 21 positive samples and the whole-genome sequence from one sample (BVDV-385) were determined and analyzed. The 5ʹ-UTR sequences from this study were 74.7–96.4% identical to those of 23 reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5ʹ-UTR sequences indicated that 20 of the strains belonged to the subtype BVDV-1m, while only one, BVDV-385 from Henan province, belonged to genotype BVDV-3. Analysis of the genome sequence of strain BVDV-385 showed that its E2 protein has a unique amino acid (aa) deletion and ten unique aa substitutions, and its NS5B protein has seven unique aa substitutions. The variations were predicted to affect four potential linear B cell epitopes in the E2 protein and to introduce a potential non-canonical N-glycosylation site (574 NPS) in the NS5B protein. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the genetic diversity of BVDV in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of a single-cycle replication recombinant infectious laryngotracheitis virus lacking the glycoprotein H gene and evaluation of its role in viral entry and infectivity 缺乏糖蛋白H基因的单周期复制重组传染性喉气管炎病毒的构建及其在病毒侵入性和传染性中的作用评价

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06302-9

Parisa Jamour, Abbas Jamali, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Sara Yahyaie, Setare Adibzadeh, Behrouz Ebadi sharafabad, Asghar Abdoli

{"title":"Construction of a single-cycle replication recombinant infectious laryngotracheitis virus lacking the glycoprotein H gene and evaluation of its role in viral entry and infectivity","authors":"Parisa Jamour, Abbas Jamali, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Sara Yahyaie, Setare Adibzadeh, Behrouz Ebadi sharafabad, Asghar Abdoli","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06302-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06302-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), a significant avian pathogen belonging to the subfamily <i>Alphaherpesvirinae</i>, causes severe respiratory disease, particularly in unvaccinated flocks. In this study, we produced a recombinant ILTV lacking the essential envelope glycoprotein H (gH), a key determinant of viral entry and propagation. To achieve this, we engineered an ILTV mutant with the gH gene replaced by a BleCherry fluorescent reporter cassette. This modification enabled the identification and isolation of recombinant viruses through red fluorescence. To facilitate the replication of this gH-deficient mutant, we generated a stable Vero cell line expressing gH and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. This engineered cell line proved crucial for generating the recombinant ILTV and allowing controlled single-cycle replication. The recombinant ILTV exhibited enhanced viability across a range of multiplicities of infection (MOIs), although with a significant reduction in overall viral replication. Importantly, the modified virus is unable to replicate in the absence of exogenous gH, minimizing the risks associated with viral spread and unintended infections. This novel single-cycle recombinant ILTV platform holds significant promise for various applications, including safe gene delivery and the development of improved vaccine strategies for enhanced avian health management and disease control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological characteristics and genome analysis of Citrobacter freundii phage K1M 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌噬菌体K1M的生物学特性及基因组分析

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06291-9

Keming Xie, Chang Liu, Guangfeng Liu, Peng Zhu, Zheng Yang, Lihong Yuan, Jingzhe Jiang

引用次数: 0

A foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O field strain from an outbreak in India has a three-codon deletion in the 3A coding region 来自印度暴发的口蹄疫病毒血清O型野毒株在3A编码区有三个密码子缺失

IF 2.5 4区医学

Archives of Virology Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06286-6

Shyam Singh Dahiya, Saravanan Subramaniam, Sagar Sangam Rautaray, Manoranjan Rout, Jajati Keshari Mohapatra, Rabindra Prasad Singh

{"title":"A foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O field strain from an outbreak in India has a three-codon deletion in the 3A coding region","authors":"Shyam Singh Dahiya, Saravanan Subramaniam, Sagar Sangam Rautaray, Manoranjan Rout, Jajati Keshari Mohapatra, Rabindra Prasad Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00705-025-06286-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-025-06286-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of the 3A region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O isolates from India, covering a period of 60 years. Frequent substitutions were observed in the hypervariable C-terminal region, aligning with patterns seen in other serotypes. One isolate from an outbreak in 2021 displayed a unique three-codon deletion at positions 138-140, similar to deletions in serotype O viruses from Cambodia and Vietnam. While deletions in this region are tolerated, this change appears to have been a random event without long-term evolutionary benefit, as the strain did not persist in the field. Approximately 48% of the codons were found to be under purifying selection, while only four codons (132, 134, 143, and 146), all in the C-terminal half, showed signs of positive selection. Episodic selection further influenced positions 109, 125, 132, 134, 143, and 146, with transient bursts of positive selection amidst purifying pressure. This interplay likely drives adaptive evolution, enhancing viral fitness in the 3A region. The mean evolutionary rate of the 3A region of serotype O strains from 1962 to 2023 was estimated to be 2.594 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> substitutions/site/year, with a 95% highest posterior density interval of 1.759 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> to 3.419 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup>. This rate is comparable to estimates for the VP1 region of serotype O, aligning closely with rates for Indian (6.338 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> s/s/y), East African (2.7 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> s/s/y), and global (4.81 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> s/s/y) isolates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"170 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0