Archives of Virology最新文献

{"title":"A novel TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay for the detection of PEDV and discrimination of the G2c subtype","authors":"Yicong Fan,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Jiawen Mo,&nbsp;Liang Weng,&nbsp;Shiyu Liu,&nbsp;Xu Song,&nbsp;Rongli Guo,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Mi Hu,&nbsp;Shanshan Yang,&nbsp;Yongxiang Zhao,&nbsp;Baochao Fan,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Min Sun,&nbsp;Junming Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06627-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06627-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) G2c subtype has emerged as an increasingly prevalent variant causing widespread epidemic, high mortality and severe economic losses in the Chinese swine industry. The lack of specific and efficient detection methods hinders its surveillance, early detection and control. In this study, a TaqMan-MGB probe-based duplex quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of pan-PEDV and differentiation of the G2c subtype. Universal primers/probe targeting the conserved N gene of PEDV and G2c-specific primers/probe targeting the unique mutation sites in the S gene were designed. The assay was validated for performance, including specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability, and further evaluated using artificial challenge models and clinical samples. The standard curves exhibited excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.999) with amplification efficiencies of 99.1% (Pan-pedv) and 98.4% (G2c). The limits of detection (LOD) were 10 copies/µL for Pan-pedv and 100 copies/µL for G2c subtype. No cross-reactivity was observed with 11 common swine diarrhea-related pathogens, and the G2c-specific channel exclusively recognized the G2c subtype. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were &lt; 1.40% and &lt; 0.62%, respectively, confirming the good repeatability. In the artificial challenge model, the assay detected dynamic changes in fecal viral load consistent with the singleplex RT-qPCR. In clinical sample testing (<i>n</i> = 18), 13 PEDV-positive samples were identified, with 6 G2c-positive cases validated by Sanger sequencing. Collectively, this duplex RT-qPCR assay is sensitive, specific, and reliable, providing a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and targeted control of PEDV G2c subtype outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel Vibrio harveyi Vibrio phage LRZ","authors":"Zhengyu Yang,&nbsp;Hui Ge,&nbsp;Nan Chen,&nbsp;Yongrui Zhang,&nbsp;Huina Wei,&nbsp;Jinbo Hu,&nbsp;Chao Fan,&nbsp;Yilei Wang,&nbsp;Ziping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06619-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06619-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that specifically infect and lyse their host bacteria, hold significant potential for application in the prevention of Vibrio infections and the treatment of vibriosis for aquaculture. In this study, a novel <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> phage, designated Vibrio Vibrio phage LRZ, was isolated from an abalone aquaculture farm in Lianjiang, Fujian Province. Its biological characteristics and complete genomic sequence were investigated. The results demonstrated that Vibrio phage LRZ exhibits robust tolerance to acidic/alkaline environments, as well as elevated temperatures. The phage exhibited a latent period of approximately 30 min and reached the plateau phase at approximately 190 min post-infection, with an estimated burst size of 134 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell. Whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina platform revealed a genome length of 43,274 base pairs (bp) with a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 39.45%. Annotation identified 51 open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins involved in phage structural assembly, host lysis, DNA replication, and metabolism. Bioinformatic predictions did not identify antibiotic resistance or virulence genes in the LRZ genome. BLAST comparative analysis indicated the highest similarity (75.47%) to Vibrio phage VPMS1, establishing Vibrio phage LRZ as a novel isolate of Vibrio phages. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed its closest relationship to Vibrio phage VPMS1, placing them within the same genus in the class Caudoviricetes. Vibrio phage LRZ could serve as a valuable novel genomic resource for studying phage evolution and offers novel perspectives for the biocontrol of <i>V. harveyi</i> in aquaculture settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome characterization and environmental DNA-based detection of a novel adenovirus from red seabream (Pagrus major)","authors":"Naritoyo Ishibashi,&nbsp;Yuri Akase,&nbsp;Atsuko Ito,&nbsp;Kenta Kishimoto,&nbsp;Shuntaro Watanabe,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yokoyama,&nbsp;Tohru Mekata","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06631-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06631-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel piscine adenovirus, <i>Pagrus major</i> adenovirus 1 (PmAdV-1), was identified in red seabream (<i>Pagrus major</i>) by metagenomic sequencing. The 29,519 bp genome encodes 22 predicted open reading frames and exhibits a unique organization, with the fiber gene positioned upstream of the conserved adenovirus gene cluster. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that PmAdV-1 forms a sister lineage to red-eared slider adenovirus 1 within a clade of fish and reptilian adenoviruses, but its assignment to the genus <i>Testadenovirus</i> remains uncertain. A virus-specific qPCR assay was developed to monitor PmAdV-1 in environmental DNA from rearing seawater. Viral loads transiently increased in some juvenile tanks without marked mortality. These findings expand current knowledge of fish adenovirus diversity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine as a complementary specimen for RT-qPCR detection of Oropouche virus","authors":"Suwellen Sardinha Dias de Azevedo,&nbsp;Anna Clara Gregório Có,&nbsp;Eric Arrivabene Tavares,&nbsp;Lucas André Silva Bonela,&nbsp;Jéssica Graça Sant’Anna,&nbsp;Priscila Marinho,&nbsp;Jaqueline Pegoretti Goulart,&nbsp;Luciana Polaco Covre,&nbsp;Isabela Ribeiro Rodrigues,&nbsp;Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes,&nbsp;Edson Delatorre,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06615-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06615-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oropouche fever is an emerging arboviral disease in South America, for which reliable molecular diagnostic specimens throughout the course of infection are essential for surveillance and clinical management. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of RT-qPCR in paired urine and serum samples and to evaluate temporal trends in cycle threshold (Ct) values according to time since symptom onset. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 41 paired serum–urine samples (one pair per patient) collected within 15 days after symptom onset. RT-qPCR results were classified as detectable or undetectable, with Ct values recorded when available. Positivity rates were compared using McNemar’s test, inter-matrix agreement was assessed with Cohen’s kappa, and paired Ct values were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Temporal trends were evaluated according to clinical phases defined by time since symptom onset: acute phase (0–7 days) and early convalescent phase (8–14 days), and univariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of time on detection probability. Urine samples showed a significantly higher positivity rate (75.6%, 31/41) than serum samples (43.9%, 18/41; McNemar <i>p</i> = 0.037), with poor agreement between matrices (Cohen’s kappa ≈ − 0.52). While serum Ct values increased over time), indicating declining detectability, urine Ct values remained showed no significant temporal trend throughout the two clinical phases. No significant association was observed between days since symptom onset and urine detection probability within 15 days. These findings suggest that urine may serve as a complementary specimen for molecular detection of Oropouche virus, particularly when serum testing occurs later in the course of infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequence of ramie marafivirus 1, a novel marafivirus infecting ramie (Boehmeria nivea)","authors":"Junfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhai,&nbsp;Wanqing Chen,&nbsp;Jingting Wu,&nbsp;Xinrui Li,&nbsp;Jingjing Li,&nbsp;Kai Yin,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Shi,&nbsp;Junming Tu,&nbsp;Xian Xia,&nbsp;Yanxiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06626-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06626-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-throughput sequencing (HTS) combined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a novel marafivirus, tentatively named “ramie marafivirus 1” (RaMaraV1), infecting ramie (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i> (L.) Gaudich.) plants in China. The complete genome of RaMaraV1 consists of 6,607 nucleotides (nt) and shares the highest nt sequence identity (65.4%) with <i>Artemisia argyi</i> albinism-associated virus (AAAaV), a recently identified marafivirus. The RaMaraV1 genome structure is typical of marafiviruses, containing a conserved 16-nt marafibox motif and a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein with five predicted domains. The coat protein (CP) of RaMaraV1 shares 23.9–65.4% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with those of reported marafiviruses, which is below the species demarcation threshold for the genus <i>Marafivirus</i>. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the complete genome and polyprotein revealed that RaMaraV1 clustered closely with viruses of the genus <i>Marafivirus.</i> Collectively, these results suggest that RaMaraV1 is a novel virus in the genus <i>Marafivirus.</i></p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral genotype and the pace of epidemic waves: an assessment from SARS-CoV 2 genomics and wastewater surveillance data","authors":"Leandro Roberto Jones,&nbsp;Julieta Soledad D’Andrea,&nbsp;Julieta Levite,&nbsp;Mariela Brito,&nbsp;Julieta Marina Manrique","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06624-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06624-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was characterized by multiple epidemic waves, whose geographical non-synchronicity remains not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize this phenomenon at local and regional scales. To this end, we compared SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in a geographically isolated city (Trelew, Chubut, Argentina) with country-wide data between April 2020 and February 2022. This period encompassed distinct phases defined by non-pharmacological interventions, changes in population immunity, and shifts in dominant viral lineages. Routine daily case reports and clinical genomics data were integrated with local wastewater data collected weekly. Three epidemic waves were identified: the first hit the study site three months after the national peak, the second with a one-month delay, and the third virtually without delay. Wastewater samples analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR were used in cross-correlation analyses to assess temporal relationships among datasets. These analyses confirmed a progressive reduction in epidemic asynchronicity, independent of testing or reporting practices. The gradual reduction in the delay was matched with the emergence of viral lineages with progressively higher transmissibility. The first wave was dominated by lineage B.1.499, endemic in Argentina; the second by the co-circulation of Alpha, Gamma, and Lambda variants typical of South America; and the third by the Delta and Omicron variants. These findings highlight the influence of viral evolution on the temporal synchronization of epidemic waves underscoring the relevance of integrated genomic and environmental surveillance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of jumbo coliphage fEgEco12","authors":"Shimaa Badawy,&nbsp;Mikael Skurnik","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06623-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06623-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) infections are associated with major economic losses, cause perihepatitis, pericarditis, septicemia and even systemic infections in the poultry industry. APEC infections have usually been controlled by antibiotics, resulting in an increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>E. coli</i>. Concerns have been increased that transfer of antibiotic-resistant APEC via the food chain may cause risks for extra-intestinal infection of humans related to zoonotic transfer and increased difficulties in the treatment of human infections caused APEC-related <i>E. coli</i> types. With the occurrence of antibiotic resistance reaching a crisis point, it is important to find alternative treatments for multidrug-resistant infections. The use of phages to control pathogens is a promising therapeutic option for antibiotic replacing, therefore, novel phages specific for APEC were isolated in this study. Phage fEgEco12 was isolated from the hospital sewage water sample during a search for candidates for phage therapy applications against APEC. The phage morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy, and the host range was analyzed with a Bioscreen C analyser. The phage genomic DNA was isolated, sequenced and annotated. Phage stability, phage adsorption and one step growth curve experiments were carried out to characterize its biological properties. Genomic analysis revealed that fEgEco12 is a lytic jumbo phage with genome size of 374,733 bp encoding 670 predicted genes. No genes associated with lysogeny, bacterial virulence, or antibiotic resistance were identified. The phage had myovirus morphology and a narrow host range. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that fEgEco12 and phage Ecwhy_1 belong to a new species in jumbo phage genus <i>Asteriusvirus</i>. fEgEco12 is a novel jumbo bacteriophage that is considered safe for phage therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13070987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P3, P3N-PIPO and 6K1 from soybean mosaic virus strain N are involved in host specificity for systemic infection in cultivated and wild soybeans","authors":"Yongzhi Wang,&nbsp;Wenjing Xu,&nbsp;Rongbin Hu,&nbsp;Amanda K. Penicks,&nbsp;Dylan Pruitt,&nbsp;Elias Fernandez,&nbsp;M. R. Hajimorad","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06558-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06558-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soybean mosaic virus-N (SMV-N) and clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV-No.30) are two recognized potyviruses with distinct host ranges and host specificities. Both infect systemically wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i>) whereas SMV-N, but not ClYVV-No.30, infects systemically cultivated soybean (<i>G. max</i>) as well. In contrast, ClYVV-No.30, but not SMV-N, infects systemically broad bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>). To investigate whether P3, P3N-PIPO, and 6K1 from SMV-N play role in host specificity for systemic infection, each was replaced precisely with those from ClYVV-No.30 including the corresponding NIaPro protease recognition sequences at the junctions between P3-6K1 or 6K1-CI cistrons. A second set of SMVN/ClYVV-No.30 chimeras were also synthesized with the P3, P3N-PIPO, and 6K1 from ClYVV-No.30 but with NIaPro protease recognition site at P3-6K1 or 6K1-CI junctions from SMV-N. Regardless of the origin of NIaPro recognition sites, none of the SMV-N-derived chimeras gained the ability to infect systemically broad bean. On the contrary, unlike parental SMV-N, all SMV-N-derived chimeras lost the ability to infect systemically cultivated and wild soybeans. Site-directed mutagenesis of SMV-N NIaPro recognition site at P3-6K1 junction showed replacement of one of the amino acids with the corresponding residue from ClYVV-No.30 at proximal C-terminus of P3 abolished systemic infection of the SMV-N-derived mutant in both cultivated and wild soybeans. Our data suggest that in addition to processing of the NIaPro recognition site at the P3-6K1 junction, P3N-PIPO and 6K1 are also involved in systemic infection of cultivated and wild soybeans by SMV-N.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel phage BUCT800 against Acinetobacter baumannii and its biofilm removal efficiency","authors":"Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Lefei Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Jinbei Zhang,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yigang Tong,&nbsp;Mengzhe Li","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06570-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06570-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (<i>A. baumannii</i>) poses a significant global public health threat. As natural antimicrobial agents, phages hold enormous potential for controlling the spread of <i>A. baumannii</i> by targeting environmental pathogens. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel phage, BUCT800, from wastewater, which specifically lysed ST2-type <i>A. baumannii</i> and forms transparent plaques surrounded by a halo. We analyzed its physiological properties, genomic features, and biofilm removal efficacy. The phage exhibited an optimal MOI of 0.01 and a latent period of about 15 min, and favorable thermal and pH stability. The genome of phage BUCT800 is 42,018 bp in length, with a G + C content of 39%. BLAST analysis showed that it shares the highest similarity with <i>Acinetobacter</i> phage vB_AbaP_APK26, with a query coverage of 89% and a percent identity of 94.72%. Genomic analysis revealed that BUCT800 belonged to the class <i>Caudoviricetes</i>, family <i>Autoscriptoviridae</i>, and did not harbor any known antibiotic resistance or virulence genes. Phage BUCT800 exhibited varying biofilm removal efficiencies against different bacterial strains. Phage BUCT800 at a titer of 1 × 10⁸ PFU/mL removed 72.4% of the T2347 biofilm. Collectively, these findings underscored the substantial potential of phage BUCT800 as an environmental disinfectant.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fibroblast cell line and its application in elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of pathogen infection","authors":"Jinhua An,&nbsp;Mengyu Yuan,&nbsp;Peipei Yi,&nbsp;Xiandong Xu,&nbsp;Chungen Wen,&nbsp;Baoqing Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06625-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06625-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We successfully established and characterized a fibroblast cell line derived from the epidermal tissue of grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>), designated as <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i> epidermal fibroblast (CIEF). The cell line was maintained in M199 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum under standard culture conditions (28 °C, 5% CO₂), exhibiting characteristic fibroblast-like morphology. CIEF cells have demonstrated stable proliferation through 38 successive passages and retained viability after cryopreservation. Species confirmation was achieved through 18 S ribosomal RNA sequencing, verifying the cell line’s origin from grass carp. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid chromosome count of 48, consistent with the species’ karyotype. Dual immunofluorescence demonstrated co-expression of fibroblast-specific markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), confirming cellular identity. The cell line exhibited sensitivity to major piscine pathogens, showing pronounced cytopathic effects (CPE) following challenge with <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, <i>Aeromonas veronii</i>, and grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Ultrastructural analysis via transmission electron microscopy revealed pathogen-induced cellular alterations, including increased apoptotic bodies and phagocytic vesicles, accompanied by significant organelle damage particularly affecting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial structures. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated activation of antimicrobial immune responses post-infection, coupled with observed mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. This established in vitro model provides a valuable platform for investigating host-pathogen interactions, pathogenic mechanisms, and cellular responses to aquatic pathogens in cyprinid species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}