Archives of Virology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of a novel polymycovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Xiao Wu,&nbsp;Rui Guo,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Ze Lan Qiu,&nbsp;Xiang Ping Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Zhong,&nbsp;Yan Song Xiao,&nbsp;Tian Bo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06739-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06739-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, tentatively designated Fusarium oxysporum polymycovirus 1 (FoPmV1), was isolated from <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, a phytopathogenic fungus that causes tobacco root rot. The genome of FoPmV1 consists of eight dsRNA segments, referred to as dsRNA1 to dsRNA8, with lengths of 2440 bp, 2276 bp, 2042 bp, 1303 bp, 1144 bp, 1064 bp, 1004 bp, and 913 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that these dsRNA segments encode 8 open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 (771 amino acids, aa), ORF2 (699 aa), ORF3 (622 aa), and ORF4 (304 aa) encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), scaffold protein, methyltransferase, and coat protein (PASRP), respectively. While ORF5 (304 aa), ORF6 (161 aa), ORF7 (167 aa), and ORF8 (211 aa) encode proteins with unknown functions. BLAST analysis revealed that the RdRp of FoPmV1 shares the maximal sequence identity of 75.75% with the RdRp of Fusarium redolens polymycovirus 1. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp sequence clustered FoPmV1 robustly within the family <i>Polymycoviridae</i>. Overall, this research represents the first report of a polymycovirus infecting <i>F. oxysporum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of feline viruses in free-ranging European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) of the Harz Mountains, Germany","authors":"Jutta Pikalo,&nbsp;Johanna Reiff,&nbsp;Martin Siegel,&nbsp;Peter Steinbach,&nbsp;Diana Jeschke,&nbsp;Ole Anders,&nbsp;Hermann Ansorge,&nbsp;Thomas W. Vahlenkamp,&nbsp;Mike Heddergott,&nbsp;Kristin Heenemann","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06744-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06744-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many infectious diseases commonly affecting domestic cats may pose potential threats to wild felid populations. Several established contagious feline viruses — including feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), and feline parvovirus (FPV) — are well-known drivers of disease epidemiology. In addition, recently identified agents such as feline circovirus (FeCV), feline morbillivirus (FeMV) and other novel paramyxoviruses as well as polyomaviruses may represent emerging risks to wild populations. We conducted a comprehensive molecular epidemiological survey to investigate the occurrence of these viruses in free-ranging European wildcats (<i>Felis s</i>. <i>silvestris</i>) from the Harz Mountains, a low mountain range in central Germany. A total of 42 individuals were sampled between 2010 and 2018. Molecular screening was performed using a comprehensive set of conventional PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to detect viral nucleic acids. FeLV DNA was detected in 5/42 individuals (11.90%), and FPV DNA was detected in 2/42 wildcats (4.76%). Overall, viral nucleic acid was identified in seven animals (16.67%). No evidence of the remaining target viruses was found using the respective (q)RT-PCR and conventional PCR assays. However, negative PCR results should be interpreted with caution due to the exclusive use of long-term ethanol-preserved spleen samples, which may have reduced analytical sensitivity. The findings provide molecular evidence of FPV and FeLV, in free-ranging European wildcats in the Harz Mountains. Continued surveillance remains essential to better understand pathogen dynamics, evaluate potential spillover from domestic cats, and inform conservation strategies aimed at safeguarding wild felid populations in Central Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-transcriptomic profiling of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks from Finland reveals diverse RNA viromes, community structuring, and emerging viral lineages","authors":"Theophilus Yaw Alale,&nbsp;Jesse Mänttäri,&nbsp;Heidi M. Viitaniemi,&nbsp;Mikhail Ozerov,&nbsp;Miguel Baltazar-Soares,&nbsp;Jani J. Sormunen,&nbsp;Eero J. Vesterinen","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06741-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06741-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) threaten human and animal health in northern Europe, where <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> and <i>Ixodes persulcatus</i> are expanding their range. In Finland, the genetic diversity, population structure, and tick-associated RNA virome of these species remain insufficiently characterized. Characterizing tick-borne viruses in Finland is essential to detect emerging pathogens at the northern edge of tick expansion, where climate-driven ecological change may facilitate the spread of novel viruses with potential risks to human and animal health. We applied single-tick metatranscriptomic approach to profile and compare the RNA viromes of 92 adult <i>I. ricinus</i> and <i>I. persulcatus</i> collected from two locations in Finland. We identified 42 RNA viruses spanning 12 families, with <i>Nairoviridae</i>,<i> Phenuiviridae</i>, <i>Partitiviridae</i>, <i>Flaviviridae</i>, and <i>Rhabdoviridae</i> being the most represented. Viral community composition differed significantly between tick species, with <i>I. persulcatus</i> exhibiting more constrained but <i>bunyaviridae</i>-dominated viromes, whereas <i>I. ricinus</i> showed greater inter-individual variability and enrichment of partiti-like and iflavirus taxa. Phylogenetic reconstruction of conserved viral proteins supported the presence of several divergent viral lineages and confirmed the first detection of multiple Eurasian tick-associated viruses in Finland, including Nuomin virus, Beiji nairovirus, and Onega tick phlebovirus. Several detected viruses clustered within clades that include known or suspected zoonotic agents, highlighting the need for close monitoring of tick populations, especially in zones of sympatric occurrence where hybridization and associated close contact between the tick species have been observed. These findings reveal substantial, species-structured viral diversity in Finnish <i>Ixodes</i> ticks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced induction of inflammatory cytokines in human lung cells infected with highly pathogenic recent H5N1/2024 avian influenza virus","authors":"Heejeong Seo,&nbsp;Abdul Rauf,&nbsp;Sang Heui Seo","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06743-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06743-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza viruses are zoonotic pathogens and are endemic in wild birds and poultry around the world. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are supposed to contribute to the severe clinical symptoms in infected animals and humans. In this study, we determined the infectivity and cytokine induction in primary human lung cells infected with HP H5N1 avian influenza viruses and seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses. MDCK cells were used to measure viral titers in the supernatants of infected human lung cells by log10TCID50/ml. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the induction of cytokine genes using mRNA from the infected primary human lung cells. HP H5N1 avian influenza viruses induced higher viral titers than seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses in supernatants of primary human lung cells. In addition, HP H5N1avian influenza viruses induced the genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-23, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 at significantly higher levels than seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses in primary human lung cells. Our data suggest that the high viral replication and the high induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the human lung cells infected with HP H5N1 avian influenza viruses may enhance pathogenicity in the infected humans as compared to seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity of a Vero cell-adapted Japanese encephalitis attenuated virus strain SA14-14-2 VC6","authors":"Xiaohui Liu,&nbsp;Enyue Fang,&nbsp;Hongshan Xu,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Miao Li,&nbsp;Zelun Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhua Li,&nbsp;Yongxin Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06698-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06698-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To develop a Vero cell-adapted Japanese encephalitis (JE) SA14-14-2 strain for the production of JE SA14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine (LAV) using Vero cells as the substrate, the SA14-14-2 PHKC strain was adapted to Vero cells and subjected to plaque purification followed by clone selection. A highly attenuated strain, SA14-14-2 VC₆, was isolated, whose phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were highly consistent with those of its parental strain SA14-14-2 PHKC. Immunogenicity assays demonstrated that the VC₆ strain exhibited comparable immunogenicity to the parental SA14-14-2 strain. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the VC₆ strain induced stronger neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses, protection against intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebral (i.c.) challenge with wild-type JE virus (JEV), viremia inhibition, and cellular immune responses than the chimeric JE-CV vaccine. Collectively, these findings indicate that the SA14-14-2 VC₆ retains the immunogenic properties of the parental SA14-14-2 strain after adaptation to Vero cells and warrants further preclinical evaluation before its potential use in Vero cell-based JE vaccine development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and genome sequence analysis of Dichroa emaravirus, a putative novel member of the genus Emaravirus","authors":"Fangmei Xiao,&nbsp;Yuanjing Chen,&nbsp;Shengming Liu,&nbsp;Xuehua Li,&nbsp;Daihong Yu,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Yizhao Qu,&nbsp;Yuan Su,&nbsp;Yonghong Yang,&nbsp;Mingfu Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06725-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06725-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Hydrangea febrifuga</i> (syn. <i>Dichroa febrifuga</i>) is a traditional medicinal plant distributed in China and Southeast Asia, and febrifugine, one of its principal bioactive constituents, has served as an important lead compound for antimalarial drug development. Viral infections may adversely affect the quality of medicinal plants; however, no emaravirus has previously been reported from <i>H. febrifuga</i>. Here, high-throughput sequencing was performed on <i>H. febrifuga</i> leaves exhibiting mosaic symptoms collected in Yunnan Province, China. Combined with RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and 5′/3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), five full-length genomic RNA segments of a putative novel emaravirus, tentatively designated Dichroa emaravirus (DEV), were identified and characterized. The five negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) segments have a combined length of 12,971 nt and encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), glycoprotein precursor (GP), nucleocapsid protein (NP), movement protein (MP), and an uncharacterized accessory protein, P5. The maximum amino acid sequence identities of DEV P1-P4 with recognized emaraviruses were 73.90%, 51.82%, 65.60%, and 81.30%, respectively, whereas P5 showed a maximum identity of 49.16% with its closest homolog. Thus, three of the four core proteins had maximum identities below 80%, consistent with the current ICTV species demarcation criterion for the genus <i>Emaravirus</i>. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on the four core proteins further supported the placement of DEV within the genus <i>Emaravirus</i> (family <i>Fimoviridae</i>). These results support DEV as a putative novel emaravirus and represent the first report of an emaravirus associated with <i>H. febrifuga</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complete genomic sequence of a novel member of the genus Caulimovirus isolated from Dregea volubilis","authors":"Yapeng Kang,&nbsp;Shangyun Li,&nbsp;Rex Frimpong Anane,&nbsp;Zeli Chen,&nbsp;Chunfang Duan,&nbsp;Zhe Wang,&nbsp;Like Gao,&nbsp;Daihong Yu,&nbsp;Bifan Chu,&nbsp;Zefen Yang,&nbsp;Guosong Wen,&nbsp;Mingfu Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06702-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06702-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel caulimovirus was identified from diseased leaves of <i>Dregea volubilis</i> exhibiting yellowing and vein-associated chlorosis in Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. The virus was tentatively named Dregea volubilis caulimovirus 1 (DVCaV1). The complete genome sequence of DVCaV1, determined by <i>de novo</i> assembly of high-throughput sequencing data, comprises 8,160 bp of circular double-stranded DNA containing two intergenic regions and seven open reading frames (ORFs). These ORFs encode (in order) a movement protein (MP), an aphid transmission factor (ATF), a virion-associated protein (VAP), a coat protein (CP), a polymerase polyprotein (Pol, containing protease, reverse transcriptase, and RNase H domains), a transactivator/viroplasmin (TAV) protein, and a hypothetical protein of unknown function. Sequence comparisons revealed the highest nucleotide similarity with strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV; NC_001725). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed DVCaV1 as a member of the genus <i>Caulimovirus</i>, with SVBV as its closest known relative. According to current ICTV species demarcation criteria for the genus <i>Caulimovirus</i> (host range and &gt; 20% nucleotide sequence divergence in the polymerase region), DVCaV1 represents a novel species. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a caulimovirus detected in naturally symptomatic <i>Dregea volubilis.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequence of a novel alternavirus infecting Fusarium falciforme","authors":"Francesco Favaretto,&nbsp;Sakae Hisano,&nbsp;Almudena Torres-Trenas,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Maruyama,&nbsp;Serena Varotto,&nbsp;Encarnación Pérez-Artés,&nbsp;Hideki Kondo,&nbsp;Walter Chitarra,&nbsp;Luca Nerva,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06723-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06723-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the complete genome sequence of a novel alternavirus, tentatively named “Fusarium falciforme alternavirus 1 (FfAV1)”, isolated from <i>Fusarium falciforme</i>. The host, <i>F. falciforme</i> strain Fod375, was isolated from a soil sample in Spain in 2012 and was found to be infected with a virus containing a tetra-segmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. The genome segments, designated as dsRNA1 (3529 bp), dsRNA2 (2641 bp), dsRNA3 (2459 bp), and dsRNA4 (1471 bp), each possess a single open reading frame (ORF). The protein predicted from dsRNA1 contains the typical domains of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) homologous to those of previously reported alternaviruses, while the protein predicted from dsRNA3 shows homology to alternavirus capsid proteins. The proteins encoded by dsRNA2 and dsRNA4 are of unknown function. All predicted proteins exhibited the highest sequence identity with their counterparts in Hebei alternavirus and Marquandomyces marquandii alternavirus 1. Phylogenetic analysis supported the placement of this FfAV1 isolate within the genus <i>Alternavirus</i>. Considering these results, we propose that FfAV1, along with the two closely related unassigned alternaviruses, represents a new species within the genus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel Schitoviridae phage VipHU7 that infects Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Kanata Kuwahara,&nbsp;Koji Yamazaki,&nbsp;Shogo Yamaki","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06736-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06736-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, various bacteriophages that infect <i>Vibrio</i> spp. have been isolated and characterized. However, many characteristics concerning their infection mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel phage, VipHU7, that infects <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. The morphology of VipHU7 was examined using transmission electron microscopy, which demonstrated that it has a short, noncontractile tail characteristic of podoviruses. VipHU7 formed clear plaques with halo zones on a bacterial lawn of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> MFS 1101, and host range analysis revealed that it had a limited host range. Analysis of the propagation and one-step growth curve of VipHU7 in liquid medium indicated that its replication rate increases in the presence of divalent cations, which did not affect its adsorption. Genome sequencing revealed that the VipHU7 genome is 76,454 bp long, with a 38.48% GC content and 112 predicted open reading frames. VipHU7 has a genomic structure similar to that of other <i>Varunavirus</i> phages that infect <i>Vibrio</i> spp. VIRIDIC analysis showed that the intergenomic similarity between VipHU7 and <i>Vibrio</i> phage BUCT194 was 83.7%, indicating that VipHU7 is a novel species belonging to the family <i>Schitoviridae</i> and genus <i>Varunavirus</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A python based automated computational framework to classify and comparative genomics analysis of the global diversity of chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) strains to understand virus host interactions","authors":"Ifra Aslam,&nbsp;Ambreen Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s00705-026-06730-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00705-026-06730-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chili leaf curl virus (<i>ChiLCV</i>) is a <i>Begomovirus chillicapsici</i> that is one of the most devastating viruses impacted on the production of chili in the world, especially in South Asia. In the present study, we combined high-throughput computational genomics with experimental analysis of global diversity. A workflow was created using automated Python scripts to download, curate and process <i>ChiLCV</i> genomes from public database. About 410 complete <i>ChiLCV</i> genomes download from public databases. Using a phylogenetic approach, these isolates were subdivided into 34 strains, belonging to 10 major clades, showing significant genetic diversity. Geographic analysis revealed that Pakistan (207 isolates) and India (148 isolates) were the main sources of ChiLCV diversity and the remainder of the isolates were from Oman, Bangladesh, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sri Lanka. Recombination was observed as a major evolutionary force as more than twenty recombination events were detected. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements showed a complex structure of the viral promoter, including multiple binding sites for transcription factors, hormone-response elements, light-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements, indicating a high number of interactions between viral regulatory elements and host signaling pathways. Pangenome analysis showed the presence of a highly dynamic open pangenome made up of strain-specific orthologous groups (species-specific orthogroups). Experimental inoculation of chili plants was also carried out to assess the biological effects of infection, along with phytochemical, FTIR, HPLC, and qPCR analyses.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8359,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Virology","volume":"171 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}