Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Fusion with immunoglobulin Fc fragment enhances the immunogenicity of the African swine fever virus p30/p54 fusion protein","authors":"Haimi Dang,&nbsp;Yi Ru,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wu,&nbsp;Rongzeng Hao,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;Yajun Li,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhao,&nbsp;Chenghui Jiang,&nbsp;Shengnan Han,&nbsp;Xinyu Hu,&nbsp;Xiuping Wu,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Haixue Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13919-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13919-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>African swine fever (ASF) is a significant threat to the global pig breeding industry, making the development of a vaccine extremely urgent. In this study, the key antigenic proteins p30 and p54 of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were fused with the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin (IgG) to construct recombinant fusion proteins with strong immunity. Here, we successfully expressed four recombinant fusion proteins comprising the ASFV proteins p30 and p54 (p30-54 and p54-30) alone and the porcine IgG Fc-fused p30 and p54 proteins (p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc) using an insect baculovirus expression system. All expressed proteins demonstrated excellent reactivity with specific antibodies, confirming their immunological activity. In vitro studies revealed that the Fc-fused proteins exhibited significantly increased binding affinity to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Immunization studies in mice revealed that p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc elicited greater humoral and cellular immune responses than p30-54 and p54-30, respectively. Notably, sera from mice immunized with the Fc-fused proteins significantly inhibited ASFV-GFP infection in porcine alveolar macrophages. These results suggest that these ASFV p30-54-Fc and p54-30-Fc recombinant fusion proteins represent promising candidate antigens for the development of an effective ASF subunit vaccine.</p><p>• <i>Fc-fused ASFV p30/p54 proteins elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.</i></p><p>• <i>Sera from Fc-fused antigen-immunized mice show enhanced inhibition of ASFV infection in PAMs.</i></p><p>• <i>Fc fusion strategy improves immunogenicity of ASFV antigens, supporting promising subunit vaccine candidates.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13919-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Ganoderma lucidum bioreactor for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane contaminated soil treatment","authors":"Stephanie Casey,&nbsp;Karin Wiberg,&nbsp;Malin Hultberg,&nbsp;Montserrat Sarrà","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13910-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13910-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its transformation products (collectively referred to as DDX) remain persistent contaminants in Swedish soils despite being banned over 50 years ago. Their partitioning to soil organic matter limits bioavailability and hampers bioremediation efforts. This study created and evaluated a novel pilot bench-scale bioreactor system, which integrates surfactant-assisted soil washing with fungal degradation of DDX for the treatment of aged, contaminated soil. White-rot fungus <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> was investigated for its ability to degrade DDT in a pre-trial, due to its production of high redox potential extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. In a mycelial suspension, <i>G. lucidum</i> degraded 73 ± 6% of ∑DDX within 10 days. A prototype trickle-bed bioreactor was then developed in which Tween 80 was continuously circulated through contaminated soil to mobilize DDX into solution before contact with <i>G. lucidum</i> colonized woodchips. After 28 days of treatment and a parallel control, ∑DDX in the soil decreased from 10 500 ± 990 µg to 4 300 ± 610 µg in the fungal treatment compared with 7 600 ± 920 µg in the control. Higher mobilization of DDX to the liquid phase was also observed in the treatment bioreactor. Overall, the integrated system reduced ∑DDX by approximately 45% relative to the control and demonstrated effective coupling of soil washing with fungal degradation. These findings highlight the potential of mycoremediation large-scale systems for the treatment of historically contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13910-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome composition and cellulolytic bacteria associated with the carpenter bee Xylocopa frontalis","authors":"Ana Carolina Costa Santos,&nbsp;Joberth Lee Corrêa,&nbsp;Darlan Sedinário de Lima,&nbsp;Aline Carla Alves Silva Andrade,&nbsp;Camila Nonato Junqueira,&nbsp;Anderson Rodrigues dos Santos,&nbsp;Solange Cristina Augusto,&nbsp;Ana Maria Bonetti,&nbsp;Carlos Ueira-Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13911-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13911-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carpenter bees of the genus <i>Xylocopa</i> interact extensively with woody substrates during nest construction, suggesting that associated microorganisms may contribute to the degradation of plant-derived polymers. Despite their ecological relevance, the gut microbiome and functional potential of <i>Xylocopa</i> species remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal gut microbiome of <i>Xylocopa frontalis</i> using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, complemented by culture-dependent approaches. The gut microbiome was dominated by bacterial taxa commonly associated with bees, including <i>Bombiscardovia</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, and <i>Frischella</i>, whereas fungal communities were more variable and included genera such as <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Cladosporium</i>. Several taxa were consistently detected across samples, indicating recurrent community members; however, a consistent core microbiome was not clearly observed. We established a collection of cultivable microorganisms, including a bacterial isolate capable of utilizing cellulose as a carbon source, as demonstrated by plate assays. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses identified this isolate as <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain Xf, which harbors genes associated with cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. These findings suggest the potential for lignocellulose-related metabolism in the gut microbiome. Together, our results provide a combined culture-independent and culture-dependent characterization of the <i>X. frontalis</i> gut microbiome and identify microorganisms with relevant functional traits. Although based on a limited sample size, this study expands current knowledge of microbial associations in carpenter bees and establishes a foundation for future investigations into their functional roles.</p><p>• <i>Gut microbiome of Xylocopa frontalis was characterized by amplicon sequencing</i></p><p>• <i>Bacillus velezensis strain Xf showed cellulolytic activity in vitro</i></p><p>• <i>Gut-associated microbes showed genes linked to lignocellulose degradation</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13911-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlined cell-free protein synthesis using wheat germ extract","authors":"Zsuzsanna Szeitner,&nbsp;Alexandra Krisztina Tar,&nbsp;Ákos Harkai,&nbsp;Anna Gyurkovics,&nbsp;Tamás Mészáros,&nbsp;Brigitta Margit Kállai","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13914-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13914-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat germ extract (WGE)-based cell‑free translation is a robust and versatile platform for small‑scale, high‑throughput production of diverse eukaryotic proteins. Although the system has been optimised for efficient protein synthesis using cap‑independent translation‑compatible vectors and bilayer in vitro translation formats, it has traditionally relied on separate transcription and translation steps. To streamline this workflow, a bilayer, coupled in vitro transcription–translation (cIVTT) protocol was developed in which both processes are integrated into a single reaction. After optimisation of the reaction mixture composition and reaction conditions, protein yields comparable to those obtained with the conventional two‑step bilayer in vitro translation method were achieved. Notably, the cIVTT protocol remained effective at reduced temperatures, thereby supporting the enhanced production of human cardiac muscle Troponin I (cTnI), a protein with demanding folding requirements. This simplified and time‑efficient approach enables microgram‑scale protein production and is well suited for high‑throughput applications.</p><p><i>• Streamlined WGE cell-free protein synthesis workflow</i></p><p><i>• No plasmid linearisation needed before coupled in vitro transcription/translation</i></p><p><i>• Soluble eukaryotic protein yields on par with two‑step bilayer format</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13914-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A constitutive promoter toolbox for tunable gene expression in Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Daiyu Li,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;Yun Shi,&nbsp;Yan Ge,&nbsp;Chuanying Xiang,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhang,&nbsp;Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13894-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13894-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constitutive promoters with defined strengths are essential for gene expression studies in bacteria; however, such tools remain limited in the clinically important pathogen <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. In this study, we developed an eGFP-based reporter system to identify and characterize constitutive promoters in <i>A. baumannii</i>. Candidate promoter regions were selected from highly expressed genes based on transcriptomic data. Among 25 tested promoters, 19 exhibited detectable activity spanning a broad range of expression strengths. Quantitative analyses using RT-qPCR, SDS–PAGE, and western blotting confirmed differential transcriptional and translational outputs. Fluorescence-based measurements further revealed distinct temporal activity patterns of these promoters across growth phases. Based on these results, a set of 19 constitutive expression vectors was constructed, providing a platform for tunable gene expression in <i>A. baumannii</i>. As a proof-of-concept, overexpression of the endogenous gene cluster <i>strAB</i>, encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferases (APHs), resulted in reduced susceptibility to streptomycin, demonstrating the applicability of this system for functional studies. This work establishes a well-characterized promoter library and a practical expression platform for <i>A. baumannii</i>.</p><p>• <i>A reporter system that enables systematic identification of promoters in A. baumannii was established.</i></p><p>• <i>A diverse promoter library spanning a wide range of expression strengths was identified.</i></p><p>• <i>A tunable vector toolkit that enables gene expression in A. baumannii was developed.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13894-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass and coccolith productions in Chrysotila sp. in high density cultivation system","authors":"Matteo Ferrari,&nbsp;Veronica Buson,&nbsp;Elisa Palandri,&nbsp;Manuela Bordiga,&nbsp;Adriano Carrara,&nbsp;Eleonora Sforza","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13907-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13907-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coccolithophores are unicellular marine microalgae capable of producing calcium carbonate exoskeletons composed of micrometric scales called coccoliths. Since they require CO₂ for both calcification and biomass production, they are expected to exhibit a potentially higher CO₂ fixation, making them promising candidates for applications in biological carbon capture systems. In addition, coccoliths themselves are considered high-value products due to their potential applications in many fields such as nanobiotechnology. In this study, a high cell density culture of <i>Chrysotila</i> sp. was tested using the CellDEG^® technology, with the objective of maximizing both biomass and coccolith production as a function of light intensity, nitrogen and carbon supply, thanks to a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The optimal conditions identified for biomass production were 600 mg L⁻¹ of nitrogen and a light intensity of 375 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, which allowed the system to reach a final biomass productivity of 0.96 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹. However, coccolith production was found to be very limited under these conditions. Additional experiments assessed the effect of calcium addition and light regime, which did not remarkably affect the PIC:POC ratio. On the other hand, when <i>Chrysotila</i> sp. was cultivated in a semicontinuous system with controlled pH (to maintain the carbonate structure of the coccosphere) with a light bubbling as mixing, a remarkable particulate inorganic carbon versus particulate organic carbon ratio (PIC:POC) of 0.3 was obtained. Semicontinuous feeding was selected for its ability to maintain relatively stable concentrations of nutrients and cells over time. Therefore, semicontinuous cultivation under these conditions is recommended for coccolith production, whereas the CellDEG^® system is more suitable for biomass generation. This study allowed us to obtain data on the growth of <i>Chrysotila</i> sp. using semicontinuous and high cell density culture systems, which is innovative given the limited information available in literature regarding the cultivation of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13907-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative epitope-based ELISA assay for detecting Group B Streptococcus carriage in pregnant women","authors":"Monika Brzychczy-Włoch,&nbsp;Anna Dobrut,&nbsp;Kamil Drożdż,&nbsp;Anna Malska-Woźniak,&nbsp;Wojciech Pabian,&nbsp;Sabina Górska,&nbsp;Ewa Brzozowska,&nbsp;Andrzej Gamian","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13902-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13902-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three epitopes of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>, ⁴¹KAFGSPLITN⁵⁰ from molecular chaperone GroEL (PEP2), ⁹¹MIALDGTPNKG¹⁰¹ from enolase (PEP5), and ²⁸LTAAITTVLARRLP⁴¹ from EF-Tu (PEP11), were studied as ELISA components for immunodiagnostic detection of infection caused by <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>; GBS) and GBS carriage in pregnant women using IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies. The current gold standard in GBS detection based on culturing is time-consuming and sometimes yields results that are difficult to interpret. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an alternative immunoassay based on strictly defined synthetic epitopes. The study included 143 serum samples divided into a study group (GBS+) and a control group (GBS–). The experiments showed that all peptides (single used and mixed) significantly distinguished between GBS+ and GBS– sera. The best individual candidates were PEP5 and PEP11, as they required lower peptide concentrations and demonstrated higher mean absorbance values measured for the GBS+ samples. In turn, epitopes mixing in all combinations significantly improved immunoreactivity. The results are very promising—and to our best knowledge, pioneering—as there is no similar test on the diagnostic market. We believe that our prototype may constitute a promising alternative to the classic diagnostic methods.</p><p>• <i>Three synthetic GBS epitopes (from GroEL, enolase, EF-Tu) enable accurate immunodiagnosis of infection.</i></p><p>• <i>PEP5 (91MIALDGTPNKG101) and PEP11 (28LTAAITTVLARRLP41) showed highest immunoreactivity with IgG, IgM, and IgA detection.</i></p><p>• <i>Combining epitopes significantly improves immunoreactivity and diagnostic potential.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13902-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating yeasts as biocontrol agents against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in agri-food: action of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)","authors":"Laura Moretti,&nbsp;Laura Canonico,&nbsp;Alice Agarbati,&nbsp;Francesca Comitini,&nbsp;Maurizio Ciani","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13896-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13896-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yeasts are widely recognized for their industrial and fermentative relevance, but their potential as source of antibacterial compounds remains significantly underexplored compared to bacteria or filamentous fungi. This study evaluated a wide taxonomically characterized population of yeast strains for their antimicrobial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria, plant pathogens and spoilage molds, using both direct-contact and VOC-mediated assays. Our findings reveal that antimicrobial activity, including the production of inhibitory VOCs, is highly complex, depending not only on the genus and species but also on unique traits at the strain level. <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i> exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against both molds and bacteria, driven by non-volatile, multifactorial mechanisms such as iron chelation and antimicrobial metabolites. In contrast, <i>Hanseniaspora</i> and <i>Wickerhamomyces</i> displayed more versatile behaviour, combining strong antifungal properties with VOC-mediated antibacterial activity. <i>Aureobasidium</i> and <i>Meyerozyma</i> genera showed a functional specialization toward antifungal activity, with limited or no effect on bacterial pathogens. The specific strains of <i>B. bruxellensis</i> evaluated in this study emerged as notable producers of bioactive VOCs under the tested in vitro conditions. While these results highlight a significant antagonistic potential, the observed activity appears to be strain-specific. This underscores the importance of intra-specific screening to identify ‘elite’ isolates with superior biocontrol traits, rather than assuming a uniform species-level metabolic profile.</p><p>• <i>Yeasts antimicrobial activity is genus/species relevant strain-specific traits.</i></p><p>• <i>Several yeast genera showed inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic bacteria.</i></p><p>• <i>B. bruxellensis represents a promising source of bioactive VOCs against both bacteria and mold.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13896-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvants to enhance the biodegradation of PET by Ideonella sakaiensis","authors":"Zhichao Shi,&nbsp;Tingbiao Wu,&nbsp;Lihong Wu,&nbsp;Xiaomin Chi,&nbsp;Yingjuan Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Fan,&nbsp;Yuyang Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13899-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13899-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating global crisis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution necessitates the development of efficient biological recycling strategies. While the bacterium <i>Ideonella sakaiensis</i> 1.2597 can utilize PET as a sole carbon source, its practical application as a biocatalyst is hampered by poor interfacial adhesion to hydrophobic plastic surfaces and limited degradation efficiency under ambient conditions. In this study, we developed chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) via ionic crosslinking to serve as a novel electrostatic bridging adjuvant. The synthesized CS-NPs exhibited a uniform particle size of 360.1 ± 10.8 nm and a high positive zeta potential of + 40.1 ± 2.2 mV. Supplementation with an optimal dosage of CS-NPs (3 mL per 30 mL medium) significantly promoted the adhesion of <i>I. sakaiensis</i> to diverse PET substrates. Under optimized environmental conditions (28 °C, pH 7.0), CS-NPs were introduced as adhesion adjuvants, the fluorescence intensity of PET fluorescent microspheres decreased by 85.9% over 14 days compared to 58.9% without CS-NPs. Furthermore, application of the CS-NPs adjuvant to macroscopic PET films resulted in dense surface colonization and severe structural disruption, characterized by deep physical pitting and cracking. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) confirmed the robust hydrolytic depolymerization of PET into its constituent monomers: terephthalic acid (TPA), mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). While challenges remain regarding degradation of CS-NPs environmental fate and microbial competition, this work provides the CS-NPs adjuvant as a promising tool for the bioremediation of PET pollution.</p><p><i>• </i><i>The development of an interfacial adjuvant chitosan nanoparticles.</i></p><p><i>• </i><i>Addition of chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the degradation efficiency of PET.</i></p><p><i>• </i><i>Chitosan nanoparticles achieve accelerated degradation through electrostatic attraction.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13899-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics reveals immunomodulatory and anti-obesity traits of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis","authors":"Huijin Jeong,&nbsp;Hyukjoon Choi,&nbsp;Young-Seo Park","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13892-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13892-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> strains have been widely recognized for their probiotic potential, including their immunomodulatory and anti-obesity effects. This study aims to determine the genomic basis of the health-promoting properties of <i>L. lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> CAB701 and WiKim0124 using whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis. Taxonomic classification using average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization confirms both strains as <i>L. lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i>. Genome alignment reveals high synteny among CAB701, WiKim0124, and the reference strains, with minor structural variations. Functional annotation identifies genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, biofilm formation, and immune modulation. Pan-genome analysis shows a substantial proportion of strain-specific genes, suggesting niche-specific adaptation. Notably, <i>L. lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> CAB701 and WiKim0124 harbor unique biosynthetic gene clusters for nisin Z and sactipeptides, which may contribute to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, genes involved in short-chain fatty acid metabolism are identified, highlighting their potential role in metabolic regulation. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional genetics of <i>L. lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> and their applicability as probiotics for immune modulation and obesity management.</p><p><i>• Comparative genomics revealed strain-specific immune- and metabolism-linked genes</i></p><p><i>• CAB701 and WiKim0124 uniquely harbor nisin Z and sactipeptide biosynthetic clusters</i></p><p><i>• Genomic features support L. lactis application as functional probiotics</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13892-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}