Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Phormidium versicolor PC skin cream evaluation for its stability and biological activities","authors":"Ines Dahmen,&nbsp;Haifa Chtourou,&nbsp;Fatma Hadrich,&nbsp;Nidhal Baccar,&nbsp;Sami Sayadi,&nbsp;Habib Ayadi,&nbsp;Mohamed Chamkha","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13359-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13359-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present investigation, 13% ± 0.84 of the extracted and purified phycocyanin from <i>Phormidium versicolor</i> was obtained, with a purity of 0.69 following dialysis. FT-IR analysis of purified phycocyanin revealed stretching vibration peaks in the profiles of the functional groups of N–H, O–H, C = O, N–H, C = O, and C = NH⁺. The phycocyanin had a significant DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC₅₀ = 0.6 ± 0.02 mg mL⁻¹) confirmed with FRAP assay, and it exhibited microbiological activity between 1.25 and 2.5 mg mL⁻¹ against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>. Phycocyanin showed no cytotoxic and improved the viability of HEK-293. It was added to skin cream at a rate of 6 mg g⁻¹ because of its significant yield extraction and biological activity. At 10 mg mL⁻¹, a bactericidal activity has been noted, inhibiting the growth of bacteria responsible for inflammatory skin conditions. For 60 days, the emulsion’s stability was monitored at room temperature, 25 °C, and 45 °C. The appearance of the batch kept at 45 °C was changed to beige after 7 days, while the others were kept for 15 days. Skin creams enhanced with phycocyanin were found to be stable over the course of storage at both room temperature and 25 °C, based on centrifugation stability analysis. But starting on the fifteenth day, the items kept at 45 °C were unstable. Thus, the current study’s findings are in favor of using phycocyanin as an antioxidant in cosmetic products. However, further investigation is required before using it in clinical trials.</p><p>• <i>Phycocyanin extraction field (13%) is particularly significant compared to other cyanobacteria.</i></p><p>• <i>Phycocyanin at 0.6 μg g−1 in skin cream fights bacteria in skin inflammation.</i></p><p>• <i>Phycocyanin-enriched cream was stable at room temp, 25 °C, and unstable at 45 °C after day 15.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13359-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of virus-like particles of FMDV by 3C protease cleaving precursor polyprotein P1 in vitro","authors":"Zhiyao Li,&nbsp;Yuqing Ma,&nbsp;Xu Nan,&nbsp;Hu Dong,&nbsp;Jianli Tang,&nbsp;Shuanghui Yin,&nbsp;Shiqi Sun,&nbsp;Endong Bao,&nbsp;Huichen Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13376-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13376-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonstructural protein 3C, a master protease of <i>Picornaviridae</i>, plays a critical role in viral replication by directly cleaving the viral precursor polyprotein to form the viral capsid protein and antagonizing the host antiviral response. Additionally, 3C protease, as a tool enzyme, is involved in regulating polyprotein expression. Here, the 3C mutant gene (3Cm), fused with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) tag at the N-terminal and featuring a mutation at position 127, was inserted into the cold-shock plasmid pCold of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for expression. Meanwhile, the P1-∆2A plasmid was constructed for expression in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>. The expressions of 3C protein and P1 precursor protein were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and western blot (WB) analysis. The results showed that the wild-type 3C protease is toxic to the host, not only inhibiting protein expression but also inducing the degradation of the host. Moreover, mutation of the 127th amino acid from leucine (L) to proline (P) on the β-ribbon of 3C enhanced the overexpression capacity of 3C in <i>E. coli</i> while maintaining enzymatic activity. Subsequently, 100 µg P1 protein was utilized as a substrate to investigate the cleavage efficiency of 3C protease at various concentrations, temperatures, durations, and pH levels. The results showed that the target protein was cleaved when the protease reached 8 μg. We also found that the presence of the N-terminal SUMO tag did not affect the cleavage activity of 3Cm. The optimal cleavage activity was observed between 25 and 37 °C, with the peak cleavage efficiency of 89% at 30 °C for 2 h. More than 50% of the substrate was degraded within 1 h at 30 °C. Its optimal pH range is between 7 and 8. Remarkably, the P1 protein, cleaved by 3Cm protease, can further form virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro.</p><p>• <i>Expression and purification of toxic protein 3C protease in E. coli</i></p><p>• <i>Cleavage efficiency assessment of 3C protease at various temperatures, durations, and pH</i></p><p>• <i>Assembly of virus-like particles of FMDV by cleaving the precursor polyprotein in vitro</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13376-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding microbial syngas fermentation rates","authors":"Iris Kerkhof,&nbsp;Lars Puiman,&nbsp;Adrie J. J. Straathof","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13364-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13364-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Syngas fermentation to ethanol has reached industrial production. Further improvement of this process would be aided by quantitative understanding of the influence of imposed reaction conditions on the fermentation performance. That requires a reliable model of the microbial kinetics. Data were collected from 37 steady states in chemostats and from many batch experiments that use <i>Clostridium authoethanogenum</i>. Biomass-specific rates from CO conversion experiments were related to each other according to simple reaction stoichiometries and the Pirt equation, with only the ratio of ethanol to acetate production remaining as degree of freedom. No clear dependency of this ratio on dissolved concentrations, such as CO or acetic acid concentration, was found. This is largely caused by the lack of knowledge about the dependency of the CO uptake rate (and hence all other rates) on the CO concentration. This knowledge gap is caused by a lack of dissolved CO measurements. For dissolved H₂, a similar gap applies. Modelling H₂ consumption adds more degrees of freedom to the system, so that more structured experiments with H₂ is needed. The inhibition of gas consumption by acetate and ethanol is partly known but needs further study.</p><p><i>• Set of Clostridium autoethanogenum syngas fermentation data from chemostats.</i></p><p><i>• Unstructured kinetic models can relate most biomass-specific rates to dilution rates.</i></p><p><i>• Lack of dissolved gas measurements limits deeper understanding.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13364-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characteristics and genetic manipulation of the marine yeast Scheffersomyces spartinae","authors":"Awkash Sharma,&nbsp;Xing Liu,&nbsp;Jun Yin,&nbsp;Pei-Jing Yu,&nbsp;Lei Qi,&nbsp;Min He,&nbsp;Ke-Jing Li,&nbsp;Dao-Qiong Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13382-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13382-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The halotolerant yeast <i>Scheffersomyces spartinae</i>, commonly found in marine environments, holds significant potential for various industrial applications. Despite this, its genetic characteristics have been relatively underexplored. In this study, we isolated a strain of <i>S. spartinae</i> named YMxiao from seawater in Zhoushan City, China. Through scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry, we characterized <i>S. spartinae</i> YMxiao cells as urn-shaped, demonstrating asymmetric division via budding, and possessing a diploid genome. Compared to the model yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>S. spartinae</i> YMxiao exhibited greater tolerance to various stressful conditions. Furthermore, <i>S. spartinae</i> YMxiao was capable of utilizing xylose, mannitol, sorbitol, and arabinose as sole carbon sources for growth. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of <i>S. spartinae</i> YMxiao using a combination of Nanopore and Illumina technologies, resulting in a telomere-to-telomere complete genome assembly of 12 Mb. Genome annotation identified 5311 protein-coding genes, 214 tRNA genes, and 236 transposable elements distributed across 8 chromosomes. Comparative genomics between <i>S. spartinae</i> strains YMxiao and ARV011 revealed genomic variations and evolutionary patterns within this species. Notably, certain genes in <i>S. spartinae</i> strains were found to be under strong positive selection. Additionally, we developed a genetic manipulation protocol that successfully enabled gene knockouts in <i>S. spartinae</i>. Our findings not only enhance our understanding of the <i>S. spartinae</i> genome but also provide a foundation for future research into its potential biotechnological applications.</p><p>• <i>The unique phenotypes and genetic characteristics of S. spartinae were disclosed.</i></p><p>• <i>Comparative genomics showed vast genetic variations between S. spartinae strains.</i></p><p>• <i>Genetic manipulation protocol was established for S. spartinae strain.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13382-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of metabolomics and other omics: from microbes to microbiome","authors":"Daewon Go,&nbsp;Gun-Hwi Yeon,&nbsp;Soo Jin Park,&nbsp;Yujin Lee,&nbsp;Hyun Gi Koh,&nbsp;Hyunjin Koo,&nbsp;Kyoung Heon Kim,&nbsp;Yong-Su Jin,&nbsp;Bong Hyun Sung,&nbsp;Jungyeon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13384-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13384-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolomics is a cutting-edge omics technology that identifies metabolites in organisms and their environments and tracks their fluctuations. This field has been extensively utilized to elucidate previously unknown metabolic pathways and to identify the underlying causes of metabolic changes, given its direct association with phenotypic alterations. However, metabolomics inherently has limitations that can lead to false positives and false negatives. First, most metabolites function as intermediates in multiple biochemical reactions, making it challenging to pinpoint which specific reaction is responsible for the observed changes in metabolite levels. Consequently, metabolic processes that are anticipated to vary with metabolite concentrations may not exhibit significant changes, generating false positives. Second, the range of metabolites identified is contingent upon the analytical conditions employed. Until now, no analytical instrument or protocol has been developed that can capture all metabolites simultaneously. Therefore, some metabolites are changed but are not detected, generating false negatives. In this review, we offer a novel and systematic assessment of the limitations of omics technologies and propose-specific strategies to minimize false positives and false negatives through multi-omics approaches. Additionally, we provide examples of multi-omics applications in microbial metabolic engineering and host-microbiome interactions, helping other researchers gain a better understanding of these strategies.</p><p>•<i> Metabolomics identifies metabolic shifts but has inherent false positive/negatives.</i></p><p>•<i> Multi-omics approaches help overcome metabolomics’ inherent limitations.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13384-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TssL2 of T6SS2 is required for mobility, biofilm formation, wrinkly phenotype formation, and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SH112","authors":"Xue-rui Bai,&nbsp;Peng-xuan Liu,&nbsp;Wen-chao Wang,&nbsp;Ying-hong Jin,&nbsp;Quan Wang,&nbsp;Yu Qi,&nbsp;Xiao-yun Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-dong Sun,&nbsp;Wei-huan Fang,&nbsp;Xian-gan Han,&nbsp;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13351-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13351-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is required for cell adhesion and autophagy in macrophages; however, other phenotypes conferred by this T6SS have not been thoroughly investigated. We deleted TssL2, a key component of T6SS2 assembly, to explore the role of the T6SS2 in environmental adaptation and virulence. <i>TssL2</i> deletion reduced Hcp2 secretion, suggesting that TssL2 played an important role in activity of functional T6SS2. We found that TssL2 was necessary for cell aggregation, wrinkly phenotype formation, and participates in motility and biofilm formation by regulating related genes, suggesting that TssL2 was essential for <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i> to adapt changing environments. In addition, this study demonstrated TssL2 significantly affected adhesion, cytotoxicity, bacterial colonization ability, and mortality in mice, even the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting that TssL2 was involved in bacterial virulence and immunity. Proteome analysis revealed that TssL2 significantly affected the expression of 163 proteins related to ABC transporter systems, flagellar assembly, biofilm formation, and multiple microbial metabolism pathways, some of which supported the effect of TssL2 on the different phenotypes of <i>V</i>. <i>parahaemolyticus</i>. Among them, the decreased expression of the T3SS1 and T2SS proteins was confirmed by the results of gene transcription, which may be the main reason for the decrease in cytotoxicity. Altogether, these findings further our understanding of T6SS2 components on environmental adaption and virulence during bacterial infection.</p><p>• <i>The role of T6SS2 in V. parahaemolyticus was far from clear.</i></p><p>• <i>TssL2 participates in cell aggregation, wrinkly phenotype formation, motility, and biofilm formation.</i></p><p>• <i>TssL2 is essential for cell bacterial colonization, cytotoxicity, virulence, and proinflammatory cytokine production.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13351-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved recombinant expression of soluble cathepsin B and L in Escherichia coli","authors":"Christina Möller,&nbsp;Niklas Rimkus,&nbsp;Ferdinand F. O. Skala,&nbsp;Maëlle Merouze,&nbsp;Dominique Böttcher,&nbsp;Mark Dörr,&nbsp;Uwe T. Bornscheuer","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13374-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13374-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cysteine cathepsins such as cathepsin B and L play an important role in numerous diseases like acute pancreatitis or SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have high potential for the development of new therapeutics. To be able to screen for potent and selective inhibitors sufficient amounts of protein are required. Here, we present an easy and efficient protocol for the recombinant expression of soluble and active murine cathepsin B and L. For this, we used the strain <i>E. coli</i> SHuffle® T7 Express which is capable of forming disulfide bridges in the cytoplasm. The enzymes were purified by immobilized nickel ion-affinity chromatography. Using different constructs and media, expression levels were significantly improved and expression yields of 80 ± 2 mg L⁻¹ for procathepsin B, which is 16-fold better than previously reported expression yields for procathepsin B, and 37 ± 2 mg L⁻¹ for procathepsin L, were achieved. After activation with dithiothreitol at slightly acidic pH, in vitro kinetic parameters of both cathepsins were determined using the commonly used synthetic substrates Arg-Arg-AMC or Phe-Arg-AMC. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the short C-terminal propeptide of procathepsin B, it was deleted by site-directed mutagenesis, the shortened target protein was expressed and purified, activated in vitro, and its activity was similar to the variant bearing this C-terminal propeptide.</p><p><i>• Recombinant gene expression of cathepsin B and L in E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express</i></p><p><i>• Soluble cathepsin expression with high expression yields</i></p><p><i>• Investigation of the short C-terminal propeptide of cathepsin B</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13374-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative fluorescent detection of tetracycline in animal-derived foods using quantum dots","authors":"Cheng Xin,&nbsp;Jingming Zhou,&nbsp;Yumei Chen,&nbsp;Zhuting Chen,&nbsp;Hua Xue,&nbsp;Yankai Liu,&nbsp;Hongliang Liu,&nbsp;Chao Liang,&nbsp;Xifang Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Yanhua Qi,&nbsp;Gaiping Zhang,&nbsp;Aiping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13253-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13253-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tetracycline (Tc) antibiotics, a class of synthetically produced broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, have been widely used in animal husbandry, leading to their widespread presence in animal-derived foods. However, misuse, overuse, and non-compliance with withdrawal periods in animal farming have resulted in excessive Tc residues in these foods, which can cause various adverse reactions in humans, induce bacterial resistance, and pose a significant threat to public health. Consequently, the detection of Tc antibiotic residues in animal-derived food has become a critical issue. This study aims to establish a novel method for quantifying Tc residues in animal-derived food using quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence immunoassay (FLISA). The developed method was optimized to achieve a detection limit of 0.69 ng/mL and a quantitative detection range of 1.30 ~ 59.22 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by successfully determining Tc residues in pork, chicken, fish, milk, eggs, and honey samples spiked with Tc standard solutions, yielding recoveries ranging from 94.01% to 110.19% and relative standard deviations between 1.10% and 11.39%. The significance of this study lies in its potential to provide a rapid and reliable approach for monitoring Tc residues in animal-derived food products, thereby contributing to the enhancement of food safety monitoring practices.</p><p>• <i>Screen out tetracycline-specific blocking monoclonal antibodies</i></p><p>• <i>The quantitative detection has high specificity and sensitivity</i></p><p>• <i>This method can be a useful tool for laboratories or testing facilities</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13253-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unforeseen current and future benefits of uncommon yeast: the Metschnikowia genus","authors":"Ariranur Haniffadli,&nbsp;Yeongjun Ban,&nbsp;Endang Rahmat,&nbsp;Chang Ho Kang,&nbsp;Youngmin Kang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13369-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13369-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Metschnikowia</i>, the single-cell yeast form, is a genus of 85 species in the Saccharomycetales order that developed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems after being found in 1899. This yeast is commonly used to control microbial populations in many biological and artificial conditions, such as fermentation. However, current study of <i>Metschnikowia</i> is limited to biological control features rather than researching on lucrative sectors such as beverage production, bioconversion manufacturing, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. This review summarizes numerous possible applications of <i>Metschnikowia</i> in human life, including potential secondary metabolites in industrial fields such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, <i>Metschnikowia</i>-yeast interaction is mentioned as a potential area for further exploration in terms of co-cultured microbes as biocontrol. Since <i>Metschnikowia</i> yeast arose in a variety of ecosystems, more discussion will be held regarding the interactions between <i>Metschnikowia</i> and their surroundings, particularly in fruits. Finally, the current regulatory challenges of <i>Metschnikowia</i>-based products are examined, and future research opportunities on <i>Metschnikowia</i> utilization are presented.</p><p>• <i>Utilization of Metschnikowia genus in various human aspects</i>.</p><p>• <i>Promising secondary metabolites produced by Metschnikowia</i>.</p><p>• <i>Challenge and opportunity on developing Metschnikowia-based products</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13369-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic mechanism of lignin-derived aromatics in white-rot fungi","authors":"Hiroyuki Kato,&nbsp;Daisuke Miura,&nbsp;Masashi Kato,&nbsp;Motoyuki Shimizu","doi":"10.1007/s00253-024-13371-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-024-13371-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>White-rot fungi, such as <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i>, play a crucial role in biodegrading lignocellulosic biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These fungi utilise various extracellular and intracellular enzymes, such as lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, versatile peroxidases, monooxygenases, and dioxygenases, to degrade lignin and lignin-derived aromatics, thereby significantly contributing to the global carbon cycle with potential applications in industrial bioprocessing and bioremediation. Although the metabolism of lignin fragments in <i>P. chrysosporium</i> has been studied extensively, the enzymes involved in fragment conversion remain largely unknown. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the metabolic pathways of lignin and its fragments by white-rot fungi. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of lignin-derived aromatic degradation by focusing on flavoprotein monooxygenases, intradiol dioxygenases, homogentisate dioxygenase-like proteins, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Metabolic regulation of these enzymes demonstrates the adaptability of white-rot fungi in degrading lignin and lignin-derived aromatics. The interplay between the central metabolic pathways, haem biosynthesis, and haem-dependent NAD(P)H regeneration highlights the complexity of lignin degradation in white-rot fungi. These insights improve our understanding of fungal metabolism and pave the way for future studies aimed at leveraging these fungi for sustainable biotechnological applications.</p><p>• <i>White-rot fungi use enzymes to degrade lignin, and play a role in the carbon cycle.</i></p><p>• <i>Oxygenases are key enzymes for converting lignin-derived aromatics.</i></p><p>• <i>White-rot fungi adapt to metabolic changes by controlling the TCA/glyoxylate bicycle.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-024-13371-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}