Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Real-time NMR monitoring of HMF biotransformation by Ectopseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 R1D.","authors":"Mar Gómez-Ortega, Sara Diego, Felipe Morales-Durán, Faustino Merchán, Rafael Blasco, Ana G Neo, Carlos F Marcos","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13853-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13853-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research identifies Ectopseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 R1D as a novel and highly efficient biocatalyst for the sustainable production of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA). By employing benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a recirculating flow system, we achieved real-time monitoring and a detailed stoichiometric characterisation of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) detoxification pathway. This work contributes to the specialised field of real-time metabolic tracking of living biocatalysts, a niche where in situ NMR data is still scarce compared to end-point analytical methods. Our findings demonstrate that this strain, while not utilising HMF for biomass growth, maintains exceptional metabolic stability and quantitative molar yields over 125 h of operation, requiring significantly lower cell densities than other reported Pseudomonas strains. The in-line NMR setup enabled the definitive identification of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) as a transient intermediate, clarifying previous metabolic misidentifications and revealing a highly specific, non-consuming \"cell factory\" behaviour. Furthermore, the system allowed for the assessment of bacterial tolerance thresholds and the exploration of the enzymatic substrate scope against other environmentally relevant aldehydes. This work underscores the synergy between a robust, living biocatalyst and a precise monitoring platform, providing an optimised workflow for bioprocess development in sustainable aldehyde valorisation. KEY POINTS: • Real-time monitoring of a microbial process via in-line benchtop NMR. • Versatile biodetoxification of various natural and synthetic aldehydes. • Green chemistry alternative to petrochemicals using renewable feedstocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular engineering of Komagataella phaffii for venom toxin production.","authors":"Francielle Almeida Cordeiro, Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon, Henrique Ranieri Covali-Pontes, Isabela Gobbo Ferreira, Gisele Adriano Wiezel, Isadora Lino Mendes, Malson Neilson de Lucena, Eliane Candiani Arantes","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13850-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13850-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal venoms constitute a rich source of bioactive peptides and proteins with high target specificity, representing valuable scaffolds for therapeutic development. However, the biotechnological exploitation of venom-derived toxins is limited by challenges in achieving efficient, scalable, and reproducible production. Native venom extraction is constrained by low yields and biological variability, making recombinant platforms essential. Yet, most venom toxins are cysteine-rich peptides with complex disulfide bond architectures and stringent structure-function relationships, posing significant challenges to heterologous expression. Inefficient folding, proteolysis, and secretion bottlenecks frequently compromise functional yield. Among microbial hosts, Komagataella phaffii has emerged as a robust system combining eukaryotic protein processing with high cell-density fermentation and cost-effective cultivation. Its oxidative secretory pathway, strong and regulatable promoters, and suitability for strain engineering make it particularly attractive for producing disulfide-rich toxins. This review provides a critical analysis of recombinant venom toxin production in K. phaffii, focusing on molecular and bioprocess determinants of expression performance. We discuss post-translational modifications, yields, and bioactivity, as well as promoter selection and secretion signal optimization. By integrating data across toxin families, we identify recurring technical bottlenecks and highlight engineering approaches to enhance venom biomanufacturing within microbial biotechnology frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular β-glucosidase regulates cellulase expression and development in Aspergillus nidulans.","authors":"Shun Yakabe, Chihiro Kadooka, Tomohiko Matsuzawa, Yuzuki Kawai, Masayuki Noguchi, Daisuke Hira, Masatoshi Goto, Takuji Oka","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13851-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13851-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) are essential enzymes involved in biomass degradation and metabolic regulation, but the physiological roles of intracellular β-glucosidases in filamentous fungi remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized CbgA (AN10124) and CbgB (AN10375), two intracellular glycoside hydrolase family 1 β-glucosidases, in Aspergillus nidulans. Gene deletion and biochemical analyses demonstrated that CbgA is the predominant intracellular β-glucosidase. Loss of cbgA led to overactivation of cellulases, cellobiose-dependent accumulation of reddish-brown secondary metabolites, and a significant reduction in conidiation. Crucially, deletion of the cellobiose transporter gene cltB in the ΔcbgA background markedly attenuated these phenotypes, providing direct genetic evidence that the ΔcbgA-associated defects are driven by intracellular cellobiose accumulation rather than energy deficiency. Our findings identify CbgA as a critical \"signal gatekeeper\" that modulates the intensity of cellobiose-dependent induction. By maintaining the intracellular cellobiose pool within a physiological range, CbgA prevents secretory overload and maintains the metabolic balance between primary development and secondary metabolism. This study clarifies the coordination between nutrient transport and intracellular metabolism in shaping global regulatory outputs, suggesting that the targeted modulation of CbgA activity represents a potential strategy for optimizing cellulase production in fungal cell factories. KEY POINTS: CbgA negatively regulates cellulase expression by controlling intracellular cellobiose levels.Loss of cbgA leads to hyperpigmentation and reduced conidiation on cellobiose.Deletion of cltB alleviates ΔcbgA phenotypes, confirming the role of intracellular cellobiose.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation from different pig breeds alters fat deposition and gut microbiota in mice.","authors":"Fan Yang, Shihao Liu, Guoqing Liu, Liming Luo, Xvyang Lu, Weimin Lin, Jing Chen, Ruiyi Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13823-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13823-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbiota plays a vital role in nutrient digestion, energy metabolism, and immune regulation in pigs. However, the core bacterial species influencing fat deposition remain poorly defined due to the complexity and diversity of the intestinal microbial ecosystem. In this study, healthy Putian Black (PT) pigs and Duroc <math><mo>×</mo></math> Landrace <math><mo>×</mo></math> Yorkshire (DLY) pigs of similar ages were used as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) donors, with male ICR mice as recipients. A control group (CM) received saline, while the experimental groups were gavaged fecal suspensions from PT pigs (PM) or DLY pigs (DM). Results showed that intramuscular fat content, triglyceride levels, and adipogenic gene expression (PPARG, FABP4, LPL, ATGL) were extremely significant higher in the PM group than in the DM group (P<0.01). 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that both PM and DM groups had lower Firmicutes abundance but higher Bacteroidetes abundance compared to the CM group (P<0.05). Notably, the PM group exhibited higher Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes abundance than the DM group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis identified S_uncultured_bacterium_g_Prevotella as negatively correlated with FASN and DGAT2 expression (P<0.01), while Lactobacillus species showed positive correlations with PPARG, FASN, and ATGL expression (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that FMT alters gut microbiota composition and host gene expression, thereby influencing fat deposition, with Prevotella and Lactobacillus emerging as potential key genera. KEY POINTS: <math><mo>∙</mo></math> FMT resulted in extremely significant higher intramuscular fat content in the PM group compared to the DM group. <math><mo>∙</mo></math> Lactobacillus may be a key genus regulating fat deposition in PT pigs. <math><mo>∙</mo></math> Prevotella may be a key genus regulating fat deposition in DLY pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary engineering of Geobacillus thermoleovorans for growth on adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol","authors":"Leonie Op de Hipt,&nbsp;Amelie Jäger,&nbsp;Tom Luthe,&nbsp;Volkan Julio Cevik,&nbsp;Angela Kranz,&nbsp;Benedikt Wynands,&nbsp;Julia Frunzke,&nbsp;Björn Usadel,&nbsp;Nick Wierckx","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13836-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13836-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plastic pollution crisis urges innovative recycling solutions. Promising approaches especially for polyester-containing wastes include enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial upcycling. For efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of polyesters, elevated temperatures (70–80 °C) are required, necessitating thermophilic microbial chassis for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). In this study, we engineered <i>Geobacillus thermoleovorans</i> through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for robust growth on adipic acid (AA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO), two relevant monomers for example derived from poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBAT), enabling growth rates of up to 0.10 h⁻¹ on AA and 0.13 h⁻¹ on BDO. Based on a high-quality annotated genome sequence of the wild type, genomic mutations and gene expression levels were characterized in mutants grown on the respective substrates compared to glucose. For BDO, an alcohol dehydrogenase (Gth_001044) and an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Gth_001082) were identified to be likely responsible for its oxidative degradation. AA uptake appears to be mediated by a dicarboxylate transporter (Gth_003270), followed by CoA activation and β-oxidation involving a CoA transferase (Gth_003192) and several upregulated CoA-family dehydrogenases. To demonstrate applicability of these strains in plastic upcycling, they were co-cultivated with PBAT as the sole carbon source in combination with the cutinase HiC for PBAT hydrolysis. This resulted in growth on the released AA and BDO. Given the potential to purify the remaining terephthalate (TA), this approach highlights the feasibility of selective monomer valorization in bioprocesses. Additional ALE enabled co-utilization of AA and BDO by a single strain and improved AA consumption at lower concentrations, underscoring the strains’ adaptability and high potential for plastic upcycling applications.</p><p>• <i>G. thermoleovorans evolved for robust growth on adipate and 1,4-butanediol at 60</i><i> °C.</i></p><p>• <i>Genome and transcriptome analyses revealed underlying pathways and enzymes involved.</i></p><p>• <i>Co-cultivation of the evolved strains on PBAT with HiC as the sole carbon source.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13836-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-vitamin supplementation unlocks DHA production of Aurantiochytrium limacinum on molasses-based fermentation residue.","authors":"Person Pesona Renta, Cian-Huei Syu, Ta-Yu Huang, Yu-Ting Hsiao, Zhen-Wei Li, Yi-Min Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13848-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13848-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various marine protists inhabiting high-salinity environments can convert organic nutrients into high-value biomolecules or biomass, making them suitable agents for valorizing saline organic residue from fermentation waste streams, such as condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS). This study established a screening method to identify mixotrophic or heterotrophic marine protists suitable for CMS valorization and to assess their bioconversion potential. Growth-performance and nutrient-replacement assays were evaluated based on relative colony coverage on agar plates and final cell density in liquid culture. When applied to the selected strain, Aurantiochytrium limacinum, CMS supplementation was shown to enhance glucose consumption and biomass production; however, it did not increase the production of fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Reducing medium salinity did not rescue the impaired lipid biosynthesis, whereas supplementation with vitamins B1, B7, and B12 restored fatty acid production in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that vitamin-associated cofactors are major determinants of fatty acid biosynthesis under CMS-based cultivation. Our findings demonstrate that molasses-derived residues can serve as substrates for the production of highly unsaturated fatty acids. They also provide evidence that B-vitamin cofactors play an important role in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of thraustochytrids. KEY POINTS: • CMS supported robust growth but did not promote proportional lipid synthesis in Aurantiochytrium limacinum. • B-vitamin insufficiency (B₁, B₇, and B₁₂) was identified as the primary factor limiting the biosynthesis of fatty acids. • Supplementation with B-vitamin cofactors restored fatty-acid and DHA biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Ornithine lipids and other acyloxyacyl amino lipids: the coming-of-age story of a group of non-canonical membrane lipids","authors":"David Moyano-Palazuelo,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Vences-Guzmán,&nbsp;Christian Sohlenkamp","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13842-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13842-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13842-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-use solutions for PUPSIT: requirements, challenges, and solutions","authors":"Martin Glenz,&nbsp;Peter Eiermann,&nbsp;Britta Manser,&nbsp;Heidi Teschner","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13847-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-026-13847-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pre-use post-sterilization integrity testing (PUPSIT) has emerged as a critical standard in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, driven by the revised EU GMP Annex 1 and global regulatory harmonization. PUPSIT aims to verify the integrity of sterilized filters before use, reducing the risks of defect masking and safeguarding drugs against contamination. However, implementing PUPSIT introduces significant technical and operational challenges, including more complex wetting and venting procedures that may bring increased risk of contamination and susceptibility to human error. This review outlines regulatory requirements and risk-based rationales for the PUPSIT evaluation process and discusses the integration of PUPSIT within a broader contamination control strategy. Design strategies for single-use systems emphasize simplicity, error-proofing, and effective wetting and flushing methods. A comparative analysis of single-use PUPSIT systems including manual, shadowboard-assisted, and automated PUPSIT systems illustrates how process flexibility, consistency, and safety can be achieved. Ultimately, successful PUPSIT implementation requires a balance of compliance, operational efficiency, and environmental stewardship, supported by documented risk assessments and validated process controls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-026-13847-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-xylonate and 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate as natural and artificial effectors of transcription factors regulating D-xylonate operons in E. coli.","authors":"Thibault Malfoy, Ceren Alkim, Julie Fredonnet, Juan Lajarin-Hernandez, Jean Marie Francois","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13840-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13840-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In E. coli, the genes of the D-xylonate catabolic pathway are present in two distinct operons, yagEFG and yjhIHG, which are part of two cryptic phages found in the genome of this bacterium. These operons are under the control of two transcription factors: XynR which acts as a repressor of yagEFG and yjhI which is an activator of yjhIHG. Although D-xylonate is known to induce these two operons, the true inducer has not been identified yet. Through the construction of biosensors based on xynR and yjhI, using syfp2 as reporter gene in combination with mutants of genes involved in D-xylonate catabolism, it has been demonstrated that the effector of these operons is 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-xylonate, which is formed by the dehydration of D-xylonate catalyzed by the dehydratases encoded by yagF and yjhG genes. Building on the finding that these two operons were also upregulated in E. coli challenged with high concentration of platform molecule 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, it is reported that both XynR- and YjhI-based biosensors were also responsive to the intermediate non-natural molecule 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyric acid, with characteristic performances in terms of response threshold, sensitivity, cooperativity, and dynamic response comparable to those of the natural effector. Given that the bottlenecks in the production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate from C2 and C5/C6 carbon are D-threonate dehydratase and L-homoserine transaminase, respectively, which catalyze the formation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyric acid from either D-threonate or homoserine, we showed that XynR and YjhI-based biosensors could be efficient tools for the screening and selection of more active enzymes producing this compound, thereby improving the production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sterilizable 3D-printed cell culture platforms using multiple FDM materials and their effects on cell behavior.","authors":"Chao Liu, Lin Zhu, Wen He, Yongchun Gu, Yifen Shen","doi":"10.1007/s00253-026-13849-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-026-13849-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global supply chain instability has intensified the demand for alternative manufacturing methods in biomedical research. In the study, we developed an on-demand production method to produce cell culture vessels using consumer-grade fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers and biodegradable polymers. Through systematic optimization of printing parameters and development of a novel thermocompression post-printing technique, 0.1-mm-thick coverslips were fabricated, which eliminated interlayer defects and exhibited adequate optical clarity for microscopic observation. This study consolidated data from the evaluation of several FDM filaments, including polylactic acid (PLA), PXA, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and PHA/PLA blends. PHA and PHA/PLA blends were identified as being better suited for autoclave sterilization due to their inherent thermal stability, whereas PLA and PXA were largely or completely incapable of autoclave sterilization. From a cell culture perspective, PLA is susceptible to trypsin degradation during cell passaging, so its reuse should be restricted to a few passages. In contrast, PHA represents a more suitable material for cell culture. Among evaluated materials, PHA emerged as particularly promising due to its biocompatibility, showing neither stimulatory nor inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to other materials. The results established that properly processed 3D-printed coverslips or dishes can serve as fully functional alternatives to commercial cell culture products and resolve the inherent issue of poor microscopic imaging performance in 3D-printed dishes. KEY POINTS: PHA offers a superior alternative for environmentally-friendly materials.3D printing coupled with TCPP enhances transparency and microscopic observability.Three-dimensional printing enables custom on-demand devices and boosts efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}