Archives of oral biology最新文献

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 regulates collagen production via TGF-β-Smad2/3 pathway and osteogenic differentiation related with phosphorylation of Akt in human periodontal ligament-derived cell line","authors":"Shuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Hiromi Mitarai ,&nbsp;Hiroko Wada ,&nbsp;Ziqing Ran ,&nbsp;Asuka Yuda ,&nbsp;Akira Haraguchi ,&nbsp;Weihao Sun ,&nbsp;Jiawen Lin ,&nbsp;Hidefumi Maeda ,&nbsp;Naohisa Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is a multifunctional protein involved in various cellular functions. However, the function of IGFBP3 in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the localization and function of IGFBP3 in PDL tissues and human PDL-derived cell line.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and recombinant protein of IGFBP3 were used to examine the effect of IGFBP3 in human PDL-derived cell line. mRNA expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was determined using immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting analyses. WST-1 and migration assays were used to analyze the effects on proliferation and migration. Collagen production was examined using picrosirius red staining. Calcium nodule formation was examined using Alizarin Red S staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IGFBP3 was expressed in both mouse PDL tissues and human PDL-derived cell line (2–23 cells). Mechanical stretch and Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulation upregulated IGFBP3 expression in 2–23 cells. Knockdown of IGFBP3 using siRNA significantly suppressed PDL-related gene expression, collagen production, and inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation induced by TGF-β1, while IGFBP3 knockdown enhanced calcium chloride-induced osteogenic differentiation in 2–23 cells and activated Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous rhIGFBP3 showed the opposite trend.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IGFBP3 plays a dual role in PDL homeostasis, by promoting collagen production and inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. IGFBP3 is involved in TGF-β-Smad2/3 pathway and related with phosphorylation of Akt, highlighting IGFBP3 as a potential therapeutic target for periodontal regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects induced by radiotherapy on dentin during endodontic instrumentation using a novel methodology for assessing wear resistance","authors":"Leonardo Moreira Teodosio ,&nbsp;Ana Flavia Simões Barbosa ,&nbsp;Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz ,&nbsp;Harley Francisco de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Camila Andrade Zamperini ,&nbsp;Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves ,&nbsp;Manoel D. Sousa-Neto ,&nbsp;Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa ,&nbsp;Fuad Jacob Abi Rached-Junior ,&nbsp;Edson Alfredo ,&nbsp;Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated a novel methodology for assessing dentin wear resistance and morphological changes in teeth submitted to conventional (CR) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (HR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Fifteen maxillary canines were divided into three groups: control, CR (60 Gy, 2 Gy/day) and HR (55 Gy, 2.75 Gy/day). The roots were sectioned 3 mm from the apex and 3 mm above and fixed in acrylic resin and tested on a universal testing machine by measuring the force required to wear away the dentin. The specimens were submitted to microhardness analysis with indentations at 50, 100 and 150 µm from the radicular canal surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify cracks and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS-X) to quantify calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and analyze the Ca/P ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference in wear resistance (MPa) was detected between the irradiated groups (CR: 0.102 ± 0.01, HR: 0.111 ± 0.01) and the control group (0.114 ± 0.02) (p &gt; 0.05). Lower microhardness values were observed in the irradiated groups (CR: 37.92 ± 5.78, HR: 32.71 ± 4.37) compared to the control (50.00 ± 3.31), with no difference between them (p &gt; 0.05). The irradiated groups had a higher number of cracks compared to the control, and there was no statistically significant difference in the Ca/P ratio values between the groups tested (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The new method assessed the wear resistance of dentin after radiotherapy reliably. Although wear resistance and the Ca/P ratio were not altered, both radiotherapy protocols reduced dentin microhardness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rutin (Vitamin P) attenuates oxidative stress, modulates cytokine profile, and preserves alveolar bone microarchitecture and density in a rat periodontitis model","authors":"Sami Barış Keskin ,&nbsp;Muhammed Mehdi Üremiş ,&nbsp;Yusuf Türköz ,&nbsp;Cüneyt Asım Aral","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of rutin in experimental periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): 1) Healthy Control (HC), 2) Periodontitis (P), 3) P + Rutin 50 mg/kg (PR-50), and 4) P + Rutin 100 mg/kg (PR-100). Rutin was administered orally throughout the 14-day experimental period. Gingival levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant (TOS), and antioxidant status (TAS) were analysed spectrophotometrically. Alveolar bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography, including linear (ABL), volumetric (BV/TV), microarchitectural (BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp), and densitometric (GV, HU, BMD) parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IL-1β/IL-10 ratio was lower, and IL-10 and GPX levels were higher in PR-100 group than in P group (p &lt; 0.05). SOD levels were higher in HC and PR-100 groups than in P group (p &lt; 0.001). OSI was highest in P (p &lt; 0.001). TOS was higher in P versus HC, whereas TAS was lower in PR-50 versus HC (p &lt; 0.05). ABL and BV/TV analyses showed significant bone preservation in both rutin groups compared to P (p &lt; 0.01). Microstructural and densitometric indices further confirmed less alveolar bone deterioration in rutin-treated rats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rutin exerts dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone-protective effects in experimental periodontitis, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOXD10 expression in oral cancer is driven by histone acetylation rather than promoter DNA methylation","authors":"Dhanraj Salur Basavarajappa ,&nbsp;U Sangeetha Shenoy ,&nbsp;Naveena Kumar AN ,&nbsp;Shama Prasada Kabekkodu ,&nbsp;Sanjiban Chakrabarty ,&nbsp;Raghu Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><em>HOXD10</em> is implicated in the carcinogenesis and progression of various cancers, including oral cancer. However, its regulatory mechanism and functional role remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Matched normal and oral cancer tissue samples from patients stratified into oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD, n = 25), lymph-node negative (LN(-), n = 25), and lymph-node positive (LN(+), n = 25) groups were analysed along with a panel of oral cancer cell lines. Expression was quantified by qRT-PCR and DNA methylation was profiled by methyl-capture sequencing followed by correlation analysis with expression. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor(DNMTi): Decitabine(5-Aza-CdR) and histone deacetylase inhibitors(HDACi) – suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA) and sodium butyrate(NaB) were used to evaluate epigenetic regulation in SCC9 cells. Promoter regions were characterized by dual luciferase assay and sodium butyrate effects on cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>HOXD10</em> was significantly upregulated in OPMD and LN(+) groups and oral cancer cell lines but not in the LN(-) samples or across cancer stages/grades compared with normal controls. Promoter hypermethylation correlated positively, though not significantly, with expression. 5-Aza-CdR treatment did not alter <em>HOXD10</em> levels, while HDACi treatment reduced expression. Two promoter regions were identified as active regulatory elements modulated by histone acetylation. Functionally, NaB impaired cell proliferation, migration and induced G2-M arrest. Survival analysis demonstrated modest prognostic value of <em>HOXD10</em> alone but improved predictive accuracy for disease recurrence when integrated with tumor stage and grade.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>HOXD10</em> expression in oral cancer is regulated predominantly via histone acetylation. These findings highlight its epigenetic regulation and suggest potential clinical relevance with tumor stage and grade although further studies are needed to confirm diagnostic or prognostic value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical sevoflurane enhances periodontal wound healing in a male rat palatal mucosal model","authors":"Gülenay Çolak ,&nbsp;Zeynep Turgut Çankaya ,&nbsp;Çiğdem Elmas ,&nbsp;Gökçe Nur Arık Erol","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical sevoflurane, which has recently been reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, on secondary wound healing in rat palatal mucosa.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Saline (0.9 % NaCl) and Sevoflurane. Standardized full-thickness excisional wounds (4 mm) were created on the hard palate, and treatment was applied once daily for 14 days. Wound closure, histopathological healing and immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-17A, interleukin-22 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were evaluated on days 5 and 14.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On day 5, the sevoflurane group exhibited smaller wound areas (p &lt; 0.05) and greater angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation than the control group. On day 14, epithelial integrity and vascular remodeling were most pronounced in the sevoflurane group. IL-22 and pSTAT3 expression levels were higher, while IL-17A expression was lower (p &lt; 0.05). VEGF expression decreased over time, indicating progression toward tissue remodeling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Topical sevoflurane enhances early-stage wound healing by modulating inflammatory and regenerative pathways, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing wound size. These findings suggest that sevoflurane may serve as a novel adjunct for periodontal wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the mechanism of berberine in inhibiting periodontitis progression using machine learning, molecular docking, and experimental validation","authors":"Zhonghua Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenli Liu ,&nbsp;Sai Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Jia ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Jinping Xiao ,&nbsp;Yan Si","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has shown potential in treating inflammatory diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between periodontitis and healthy gingival tissues were identified using the GSE23586 and GSE173078 datasets, while chronic periodontitis-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Key genes were screened through support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms, molecular docking, and normal mode analysis. In vitro, human gingival fibroblast-1 (HGF-1) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six key genes (KRT14, IGFBP6, LRG1, MZB1, DEFB103A, and CD79A) were identified by both SVM and RF algorithms. LRG1 was selected for further study due to its significant downregulation after BBR treatment in LPS-treated HGF-1 cells. LPS treatment increased LRG1 expression and the p-p38/p38 ratio, whereas these effects reversed by BBR treatment. Overexpression of LRG1 diminished BBR’s inhibitory effect on p-p38/p38, while the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor restored BBR’s efficacy. BBR treatment suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and ECM degradation, but these effects were relieved by ectopic LRG1 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BBR alleviated LPS-induced periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and ECM degradation through inactivation of the LRG1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. These findings highlight BBR’s potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis, offering a novel molecular target for clinical intervention. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate its clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exposome and the human oral microbiome through the one health lens","authors":"Luis Limo ,&nbsp;Justin Donovan ,&nbsp;Stephanie Frisbee ,&nbsp;Noha Gomaa","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To map and synthesise current evidence on how lifelong biological, environmental, and social exposures, collectively conceptualised as the exposome, interact with the human oral microbiome to influence oral disease development and progression within a One Health framework.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English that examined the relationships between the exposome and the human oral microbiome. The review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework, applying its five-stage methodological approach. Comprehensive searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and results were reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of twenty-nine studies were included in this review. These showed that health status, non-communicable diseases, medication use, and psychosocial factors influence the biodiversity, abundance, and function of the human oral microbiome. Other studies suggested that animal interactions and physical and chemical exposures can alter host-microbiome interactions, as well as microbial community dynamics within the oral cavity. While the studies reviewed used reliable methods and standardized protocols, they were of moderate quality due to small sample sizes, potential reverse causality, and limited control for confounding and multiple testing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review highlights the complexity of the human oral microbiome and its interactions with the various components of the exposome, emphasizing the focus on disease impact and health behaviours, while noting a gap in research on non-bacterial communities, interaction mechanisms, and long-term effects on dysbiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and eradication of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans using naringin: In vitro and in silico investigations","authors":"Chevuru Sai Shreya Reddy ,&nbsp;Lekha Sree Venkatesan ,&nbsp;Dhanraj Ganapathy,&nbsp;Palanivel Sathishkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify a potential natural therapeutic agent to treat the mixed biofilms of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>, thereby preventing dental caries.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The coexisting <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> was isolated from dental caries. Antimicrobial activity of various natural components was assessed against <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Antibiofilm efficacy of naringin was assessed against the biofilm of mixed <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. The cell viability in mixed biofilm was determined using MTT assay and CLSM investigations. The molecular docking analysis of naringin with secreted aspartic proteinase (SAP2) of <em>C. albicans</em> and glucosyltransferase-I (GtfB) of <em>S. mutans</em> was performed using AutoDock and PyMOL tools. The biocompatibility of naringin was determined on human RBCs and HGF cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The natural components such as curcumin, naringin, quercetin, morin, rutin, and hesperetin shows the antimicrobial effects against the clinical isolates <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Among these, naringin exhibits the significant antimicrobial effect against <em>S. mutans</em> (MIC:183 ± 5.70 µM), <em>C. albicans</em> (MIC:196 ± 0.00 µM), and their mixed culture (MIC:200 ± 10.00 µM). The MTT and CLSM results indicates that 2xMIC (400 µM) of naringin demonstrates the potential eradication of mature biofilm of mixed <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Naringin establishes the strong binding interaction with enzymes GtfB of <em>S. mutans</em> and SAP2 of <em>C. albicans</em>. The IC₅₀ value of naringin towards HGF cells was noted as 711.5 µM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The flavonoid naringin demonstrates the effective and safe therapeutic potential to treat coexisting <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> biofilm virulence to prevent the dental caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial effect of garlic-based mouthwash on dental caries-related oral microorganisms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Renata de Oliveira Alves ,&nbsp;José Roberto Vergínio de Matos ,&nbsp;Matheus Henrique Faccioli Ragghianti ,&nbsp;Isabela Maria Passarela Gomes ,&nbsp;Isabela dos Santos de Deus ,&nbsp;Pamela Barbosa dos Santos ,&nbsp;Marcelle Danelon ,&nbsp;Gabriel Pereira Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) investigated the potential of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>) against cariogenic oral microorganisms.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The SRM was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251133140). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating garlic or garlic-derived compounds on cariogenic oral microorganisms were included. A literature search was performed in the main scientific databases. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan software, with standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure, and a random-effects model was applied with 95 % confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and the certainty of evidence was graded according to the GRADE approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria, predominantly assessing <em>S. mutans</em>, followed by <em>Lactobacillus spp</em>. and <em>C. albicans</em>. All included trials employed garlic-based mouthwashes as the intervention and consistently demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. In meta-analysis, compared to chlorhexidine, garlic reduced <em>S. mutans</em> at 1 week (SMD = −0.73, 95 % CI = −1.39 to −0.07, I² = 73 %; p = 0.03), had a slightly lower effect at 2 weeks (SMD = 1.27, 95 % CI = 0.09–2.44, I² = 90 %; p = 0.03), and showed no difference at 1 month (SMD = −0.54, 95 % CI = −2.78–1.70, I² = 96 %; p = 0.64). Compared to sodium fluoride, it demonstrated superior activity at 2 weeks (SMD = −0.79, 95 % CI = −1.22 to −0.36, I² = 0 %; p = 0.0003). Most studies had a low risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was rated low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Garlic-based mouthrinses show significant antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, supporting their potential as a phytotherapeutic strategy for biofilm control. However, the evidence remains limited, demonstrating the need for further high-quality clinical trials to confirm long-term efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LL-37 antimicrobial peptide: Molecular characterisation and its role in oral health and disease–A narrative review","authors":"Drisya Soman ,&nbsp;Jayanthi P ,&nbsp;Mahesh CM ,&nbsp;Rahul Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial peptides are integral components of the innate immune system and play a vital role in maintaining oral homeostasis. LL-37, the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, has gained increasing attention due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and diverse immunomodulatory functions within the oral cavity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This narrative review aims to characterise the molecular structure, biological functions, and clinical relevance of LL-37 in oral health and disease.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating the expression, mechanisms of action, and pathological implications of LL-37 in oral tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LL-37 is expressed by various oral tissues, including the gingival epithelium, salivary glands, and inflammatory cells, contributing to host defence against microbial challenges. In addition to its direct antimicrobial effects, LL-37 modulates inflammatory responses, promotes wound healing, and influences cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Altered expression of LL-37 has been associated with the pathogenesis of several oral diseases, such as periodontitis, dental caries, endodontic infections, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LL-37 plays a multifaceted role in oral immunity by integrating antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and tissue-regenerative functions. Enhanced understanding of its molecular characterisation and biological activities may support the development of LL-37 as a diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in oral pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}