Archives of oral biology最新文献

{"title":"GDC-0449 suppresses odontogenic keratocyst aggressiveness in fibroblasts by upregulating SPARC via Hedgehog pathway inhibition","authors":"Jiafei Qu ,&nbsp;Yongqi Jiang ,&nbsp;Shian Wu ,&nbsp;Xiwen Chen ,&nbsp;Jiemei Zhai ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanzhu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yingying Hong ,&nbsp;Jing Shen ,&nbsp;Defu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are aggressive jaw lesions, either linked to Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or sporadic. We aimed to investigate the impact of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 on OKC fibroblasts (OKC-Fs). Additionally, we explored whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was a novel Hh target and its association with OKC aggressiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Fibroblasts from four syndromic and four non-syndromic OKCs were isolated, with patched 1 (<em>PTCH1</em>) mutations found only in syndromic ones. Syndromic OKC-Fs with <em>PTCH1</em> mutations were treated with GDC-0449, using mutation-free non-syndromic OKC-Fs as controls. Wound healing and transwell assays assessed the migration and invasion of OKC-Fs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), alkaline phosphatase staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining investigated osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastogenic effects. Real-time PCR and western blotting examined the correlation between SPARC and Hh signaling. <em>SPARC</em> siRNA treatment tested its effect on cell migration and invasion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GDC-0449 inhibited the migration, invasion, and osteoclastogenic ability, while promoting their osteogenic differentiation of syndromic OKC-Fs. Moreover, GDC-0449 inhibited Hh pathway by decreasing glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1) expression in syndromic OKC-Fs harboring <em>PTCH1</em> mutations. Additionally, by suppressing Hh pathway, GDC-0449 upregulated SPARC expression, suggesting that Hh-GLI1 signaling exerts a negative regulatory effect on SPARC. Knockdown of SPARC promoted the migration and invasion of OKC-Fs, which could be reversed by GDC-0449.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GDC-0449 suppresses aggressiveness and osteoclastogenesis of OKCs while promoting osteogenesis. GDC-0449 treats OKCs by inhibiting Hh signaling and upregulating SPARC. SPARC could be a potential therapeutic target for OKCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of impacted third molar from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily): Reflections on the antiquity and evolutionary implications of this trait","authors":"Elena Varotto ,&nbsp;Marta Kurek ,&nbsp;Pietro Maria Militello ,&nbsp;Erica Platania ,&nbsp;Francesco M. Galassi","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examines a rare case of an impacted third molar identified in a fragmented right mandibular hemiarch from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily, Italy), dating to the Late Eneolithic period (2600–2300 BC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A detailed osteological examination and palaeoradiological imaging were employed to analyze the mandibular fragment, leading to the identification of a horizontally impacted third molar pressing against the second molar.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analyses revealed clear evidence of a horizontally impacted third molar, contributing to the limited bioarchaeological record of dental impactions in ancient populations. The findings are interpreted within the broader evolutionary history of third molar impactions, considering genetic, developmental, and dietary factors as potential influences. The study also underscores the value of incorporating modern radiological methods into archaeological research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case provides new perspectives on the antiquity and potential prevalence of impacted third molars in ancient populations, suggesting that their apparent rarity in the archaeological record may be due to methodological challenges rather than an actual absence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review of molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways","authors":"Bara’a El-Dwaikat ,&nbsp;Ikhlas El Karim ,&nbsp;Daniel B. Longley ,&nbsp;Paul N. Moynagh ,&nbsp;Fionnuala T. Lundy","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that are promoted by <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> infection across human participant, <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> studies.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to address the question: What mechanisms and potential signalling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of OSCC facilitated by <em>F. nucleatum</em> infection, compared with non-infected controls? Searches were performed across three electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-three studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Studies involving human participants revealed alterations in bacterial genes related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, bacterial mobility and flagellar assembly. Additionally, alteration in host genes including DNA repair, tumour protein P53 (TP53), toll-like receptors and proinflammatory genes such as interleukin (IL)1β, IL8, and IL6 were reported. <em>In vivo</em> studies reported upregulation of cyclin D1 and IL6 following <em>F. nucleatum</em> infection. <em>In vitro</em> studies demonstrated changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB)1/2, along with increased expression of inflammatory markers, including IL-8 and IL-6 following <em>F. nucleatum</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings from this systematic review highlight a significant molecular response to <em>F. nucleatum</em> infection in oral cancer. The results underscore the complex interaction between <em>F. nucleatum</em> and host molecular pathways, offering valuable insights into how this bacterium may contribute to oral cancer development and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The salivary and GCF AGE/sRAGE-IL-17 axis in periodontitis and diabetes: A pathophysiological perspective on disease progression and inflammation","authors":"Alper Aydoğdu ,&nbsp;Yagmur Deniz Yıldırım ,&nbsp;Banu Ertürk ,&nbsp;Begüm Cicek ,&nbsp;Deniz Cagdas ,&nbsp;Uğur Ünlütürk ,&nbsp;Ezel Berker","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Diabetes, if uncontrolled, increases the risk of periodontal disease and associated tooth loss. While AGE and sRAGE levels have been explored in diabetes, their role in localized inflammation in periodontium is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate AGE/sRAGE ratio and IL-17 in saliva&amp;gingival crevicular fluid in the presence of periodontitis in diabetic patients which may underlie disease development or progression.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 64 patients, divided into 4 groups as healthy (H), periodontitis without diabetes(P), periodontitis patients with controlled diabetes(DP), periodontitis patients with poorly controlled diabetes(PDP). Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded. AGE, sRAGE, IL-17 levels in GCF and saliva samples were measured with ELISA and AGE/sRAGE ratio was determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GCF AGE/sRAGE ratio and IL-17 levels of periodontitis groups were significantly higher than H group, while sRAGE levels were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, AGE/sRAGE ratio of PDP group were significantly higher than DP group in GCF and saliva (p &lt; 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed significantly discriminative performance of the parameters in both GCF and saliva. HbA1c levels were positively correlated with AGE/sRAGE ratio in GCF and saliva(p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated that GCF and salivary biomarkers, particularly IL-17 and AGE/sRAGE ratio, may have diagnostic potential in distinguishing periodontal disease severity in relation to glycemic status. ROC analysis supported the discriminative ability of these markers, especially in GCF, with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. The AGE/sRAGE ratio in both GCF and saliva showed promise as a non-invasive biomarker, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral microecological community- Streptococcus mutans dysbiosis and interaction provide therapeutic perspectives for dental caries","authors":"Yue Zhou,&nbsp;Chenchen Zhang,&nbsp;Yalan Deng,&nbsp;Lei Lei,&nbsp;Tao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to provide an overview of the dysbiosis and interaction between <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (<em>S. mutans</em>) and other <em>Streptococci</em>, <em>Veillonella</em> spp., <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp., and <em>Candida albicans</em> in the oral cavity, which is a major driver of cariogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The search for this narrative review was conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, employing keywords like \"Dental caries,\" \"<em>Streptococcus mutans</em>,\" \"Commensal <em>Streptococci</em>,\" \"<em>Veillonella</em>,\" \"<em>Lactobacillus</em>,\" \"<em>Candida albicans</em>,\" and \"Interaction\" while manually retrieving the reference lists of journal articles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dental caries has a high prevalence and low treatment rate in the population, which poses a great burden to public health and the social economy. The etiology of dental caries is closely linked to the imbalance of oral microbial communities. <em>S. mutans</em> is the major pathogen of dental caries. The cariogenic mechanism of <em>S. mutans</em> is primarily related to acid production and acid resistance, as well as polysaccharide production, adhesion, colonization, and the formation of cariogenic biofilm. However, there are complex interactions between <em>S. mutans</em> and other symbiotic microorganisms in the oral cavity, which synergistically or antagonistically affect the pathogenicity of microorganisms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The interactions between <em>S. mutans</em> and oral commensal microorganisms on the microecology provide an in-depth understanding of the etiology of cariogenicity and new pathways for multiple caries prevention and treatment, such as hydrogen peroxide, arginine, farnesol, and probiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone marrow ameliorate the histological alterations in the parotid glands of hypothyroid male rats","authors":"Hanan El-Hemedy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Badawy ,&nbsp;Mary Moheb ,&nbsp;Maha El Shahawy","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To elucidate the possible outcome of mesenchymal stem cells extracted from the bone marrow (BM-MSCs) on the altered histological structure of the parotid gland of male rats with induced hypothyroidism.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>24 adult male Wistar rats were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 8 animals. The control group contained the sham-operated animals. The hypothyroid rat group (HT group) contained animals receiving carbimazole at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day up to 6 weeks to induce hypothyroidism. The third group contained rats with induced hypothyroidism and were administered BM-MSCs via the tail vein (HT-MSC) group. BM-MSCs were extracted from 3-week-old rats and were immunophenotyped prior to injection to the HT-MSC group. The parotid glands were dissected 6 weeks post injection and processed to assess PKH67-labelled cells, histomorphometry and staining with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rats with induced hypothyroidism depicted a significant decrease in the thyroid hormones´ serum levels. Extracted BM-MSCs were CD105 + , CD90 + and CD45^-. The parotid gland of HT group depicted an abnormal structure of the acini, intercalated, striated and excretory ducts including nuclear alterations, vacuolization and indistinct boundaries compared to their controls. In addition, the area and perimeter of the acini were diminished. The HT-MSCs group depicted green PKH67⁺-labelled MSCs, restoration of the normal acinar and ductal configuration, and regular area and perimeter of the acini.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Transplanted BM-MSCs resumed the normal parotid gland acinar, intercalated, striated and excretory duct structure in the hypothyroid male rats, suggesting restored tissue function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between electronic nicotine delivery systems and dental caries: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Matheus dos Santos Fernandez ,&nbsp;Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz ,&nbsp;Felipe Gomes Dallepiane ,&nbsp;Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da Silva-Garcia ,&nbsp;Mateus Andrade Rocha ,&nbsp;Andreia Morales Cascaes ,&nbsp;Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz ,&nbsp;Maísa Casarin","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the association between the electronic nicotine-delivery systems (ENDS) use and dental caries in adolescents and adults.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Two researchers independently conducted the search across six databases, study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Included studies involved participants ≥ 16 years old, assessed ENDS use, and employed clinical and/or radiographic methods for caries diagnosis. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) in caries severity between ENDS users and non-users. The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 559 eligible studies, four were included (three cross-sectional and one was a prospective cohort). Three studies identified a potential association between the ENDS use and either the experience or risk of dental caries, as well as the prevalence of untreated teeth. Three studies were classified as having a high risk of bias. The quantitative analysis of the pooled effects (2 studies) showed no significant MD between the history of dental caries among those who did or did not use ENDS (MD: 0.72, 95 % confidence interval: −1.70–3.15).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It was showed a potential association between ENDS use and increased severity and risk of dental caries in both population groups. However, quantitative analysis showed disease severity is not associated with the use of these devices among adults. The certainty of evidence for qualitative and quantitative analyses was very low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taiwanese green propolis suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induces Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce periodontal pathogen-induced endothelial inflammation","authors":"Yi-Jen Lai ,&nbsp;Yin-Chu Chuang ,&nbsp;Yung-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-Tse Li ,&nbsp;Emily Sunny Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Ju Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Ning Lin ,&nbsp;Yuh-Lien Chen ,&nbsp;Ching-Shuen Wang ,&nbsp;Thi Thuy Tien Vo ,&nbsp;Yue-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;I-Ta Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> (Pg), a key periodontal pathogen, contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction through its virulence factors. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) against Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced endothelial inflammation, focusing on its modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with Pg-LPS in the presence or absence of TGP. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) was assessed using real-time PCR and ELISA. ROS production was evaluated using fluorescence-based assays, while NF-κB activation and Nrf2 transcriptional activity were analyzed via luciferase reporter assays. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to confirm the involvement of these pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TGP significantly reduced Pg-LPS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in HAECs. It inhibited NF-κB activation, suppressed ROS generation, and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, TGP upregulated HO-1 expression and enhanced Nrf2 transcriptional activity, as evidenced by ARE-driven luciferase reporter assays. Pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 and HO-1 reversed TGP’s anti-inflammatory effects, confirming that the Nrf2/HO-1 axis is critical for its protective function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings demonstrate that TGP exerts anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, reducing Pg-LPS-induced endothelial inflammation. This study suggests that TGP could be a promising natural therapeutic agent for mitigating periodontal pathogen-induced systemic inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early wear susceptibility of dentine following exposure to citric acid: In vitro study","authors":"B.D. Murchie,&nbsp;M.J. German,&nbsp;P.J. Waterhouse,&nbsp;F. Mullan","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the effect of early erosion on the mechanical and structural properties of dentine, while comparing the influence of different citric acid pH and concentration levels.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Twenty dentine specimens were randomly allocated into five groups, according to the citric acid (CA) solution: non-eroded; 1 % buffered CA (pH=3.8); 1 % unbuffered CA (pH=2.55); 6 % buffered CA (pH=3.8); and 6 % unbuffered CA (pH=2.06). Specimen numbers were determined from a sample size power calculation. Erosion groups were subjected to 6x cycles, each lasting 20 s, giving a total exposure of 2 min. Surface alterations were determined by atomic force microscopy (at nanoscale) after each cycle. Erosive changes were also assessed qualitatively/quantitatively with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All erosion groups showed significant structural and mechanical changes after a 20 s exposure interval. Specimens exposed to 6 % unbuffered CA, revealed a significant reduction of modulus of elasticity (p &lt; 0.01), and greater changes to topography and morphology, compared with other groups. The 1 % buffered group had the least erosive changes (p &lt; 0.05). Dentine exposed to 1 % unbuffered CA had a comparably greater rate of erosion, compared with the 6 % buffered solution, as exposure times progressed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dentine was highly susceptible to early CA erosion, with significant changes occurring after 20 s, regardless of pH or concentration. Alterations to the pH and/or concentration significantly altered the rate and severity of erosion. Although, CA with a lower pH was the most critical factor for early dentine erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerarin enhances the efficacy of carboplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma via dual targeting","authors":"Liping Xie ,&nbsp;Yekun Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yehua Lai ,&nbsp;Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Hua Tian ,&nbsp;Shanqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and molecular mechanisms by which puerarin, in combination with carboplatin, combats oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The effects of puerarin in combination with carboplatin on OSCC cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were evaluated through molecular biology experiments and bioinformatics analyses. In addition, an OSCC animal model was established to further evaluate the <em>in vivo</em> anti-tumor effects of combination therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Puerarin synergized with carboplatin to inhibit OSCC cell viability and proliferation, induce DNA damage and apoptosis, and trigger autophagosome formation while blocking autophagic flux, thereby further promoting apoptosis. Combination therapy modulated both autophagy and apoptosis through suppression of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, combination therapy improved <em>in vivo</em> efficacy and reduced the toxicity of low-dose carboplatin. The <em>in vivo</em> toxicity of puerarin monotherapy was not significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Puerarin enhanced the therapeutic effect of carboplatin on OSCC through a dual mechanism: activating the \"DNA damage-autophagic flux blockade-damage accumulation-apoptosis activation\" positive feedback loop and inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to promote autophagosome formation and apoptosis. The synergistic effect significantly improved the efficacy of carboplatin while reducing its toxicity, and puerarin showed no significant toxic side effects, providing a novel strategy for optimizing clinical combination therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}