Archives of oral biology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of salivary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentration in patients with dysgeusia induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy: A case-control study","authors":"André Alves Crispim ,&nbsp;Gabriella Alves Julião Costa ,&nbsp;Giulianna Aparecida Vieira Barreto ,&nbsp;Mikaele Zizuino da Silva ,&nbsp;Gladyson Lucas Rodrigues Aguiar ,&nbsp;Gisely de Lima Freitas ,&nbsp;Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong ,&nbsp;Fabrício Bitu Sousa ,&nbsp;Cássia Emanuella Nóbrega Malta ,&nbsp;Paulo Goberlânnio de Barros Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of TNF-α by investigating salivary levels and their influence on Dysgeusia in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Clinicopathological and sociodemographic data, taste test results and subjective taste analysis, salivary flow, quality of life, ECOG performance status, body mass index (BMI), body surface area and other side effects were recorded. The saliva obtained was stored at −80 ºC after addition of the protease inhibitor (Sigma; P2714–1BTLL), salivary TNF-α was measured using the TNF-alpha ELISA kit for human (ELH-TNFa-5, RayBio®) following the manufacturer's recommendation. The data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Spearman and Wilcoxon chi-square/Fisher's exact tests with all analyses adopted a 95 % confidence level in the SPSS for Windows software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The group without dysgeusia (WD) had a longer chemotherapy time than the group with dysgeusia (D) (p &lt; 0.001) and a higher frequency of toxicity during CT than the D group (p = 0.012), the mean BMI increased slightly from 28.16 ± 5.34–28.30 ± 5.39 (p = 0.016), an increase which only occurred in the WD patients (p = 0.030) and not in the D patients (p = 0.106). There was a correlation with taste parameters, with an inversion between salivary TNF-α levels and the taste test (p = 0.033, r = -0.288). In the control group, salivary TNF-α concentration was directly correlated with VAS scale scores (p = 0.044, r = 0.266).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The increase in salivary TNF alpha had a direct impact on gustatory tests, and the development of dysgeusia has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of Tn916 in Streptococcus oralis: Fitness cost and persistent metabolic shifts post-acquisition","authors":"Tracy Munthali Lunde ,&nbsp;Supathep Tansirichaiya ,&nbsp;Ying Xue ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Haroni","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The acquisition and transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are major drivers of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations. Despite the fitness cost associated with the acquisition of MGEs, the mechanisms underlying their persistence remain poorly understood. This study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of the integrative conjugative element (ICE) Tn<em>916</em> in a naïve <em>Streptococcus oralis</em> host, focusing on growth rates and metabolic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tracked the evolutionary trajectory of Tn<em>916</em> in <em>S. oralis</em> by monitoring changes in growth rates and maximum metabolic activities over 1000 generations. Comparative analyses were conducted between Tn<em>916</em>-free and Tn<em>916</em>-carrying populations to assess fitness cost and evolutionary adaptations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following Tn<em>916</em> integration, the <em>S. oralis</em> host exhibited a significant initial fitness cost, characterized by reduced growth rates and maximum metabolic activity. However, within 500 generations, the fitness cost was mitigated, and by 1000 generations, evolved Tn<em>916</em>- transconjugant populations outcompeted their unevolved counterparts. Despite the restoration of growth rates, a persistent reduction in maximum metabolic rate was observed, suggesting resource reallocation favoring growth and ICE maintenance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The acquisition of Tn<em>916</em> imposes initial fitness cost on <em>S. oralis</em>, but the cost is rapidly mitigated through evolution, leading to competitive advantages in the long term. However, the persistence of lower maximum metabolic rate indicates that Tn<em>916</em> acquisition affects cellular functions beyond growth, underscoring the need to monitor metabolic activity to fully understand the impact of horizontal gene transfer, MGEs, and ICEs on bacterial populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of low birth weight with development defects of enamel: Systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Eugênia Lívia de Andrade Dantas ,&nbsp;Basílio Rodrigues Vieira ,&nbsp;Bianca Marques Santiago ,&nbsp;Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;Frederico Barbosa de Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Low birth weight (LBW) has been associated with developmental defects of enamel (DDE), but this has not been tested against an etiological physiological model of DDE (Eti-Phys model). This study aimed to investigate the associations: (i) between LBW and DDE as well as molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in deciduous (DEC) and permanent teeth (PERM), and (ii) between observed and Eti-Phys-model-based predicted (model-based) risk of DDE.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies were identified in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, SCOPUS, and Embase until April 2024, supplemented by grey literature searches. Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed for LBW in DDE/MIH. Subgroup analyses examined the PRE risk of DDE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>60 articles were included in meta-analyses. Observed and model-based risks of DDE were correlated (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.64) [DDE in permanent (relative risk =1.30; 1.02–1.64) &lt; DDE in DEC (RR= 1.76; 1.52–2.04) &lt; DDE in DEC+veryLBW (RR = 2.55; 2.09–3.10) &lt; hypoplasia in DEC (RR= 3.30; 2.35–4.62) &lt; hypoplasia in DEC+veryLBW (RR = 4.62; 3.26–6.56)] in DEC, but not in PERM (p = 0.49). Limited data on LBW versus MIH hindered the calculation of an association between observed and model-based risks of DDE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combined with the Eti-Phys model of DDE, the evidence suggests a causal association between LBW and DDE in the deciduous, but not in the permanent dentition. Evidence on LBW and MIH remains limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evidence that Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) enhances protection against dental erosion in People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and individuals on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)","authors":"Nayara Flores Macedo ,&nbsp;Tommy Baumann ,&nbsp;Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ,&nbsp;Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis ,&nbsp;Thiago Saads Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the protective capacity of the salivary pellicle in people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and individuals on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sixteen participants were divided into three groups: Control (n = 5; HIV-negative, not on ART), HIV (n = 7; PLHIV on ART), and PrEP (n = 4; HIV-negative, on PrEP). Stimulated saliva samples were pooled for each group. Enamel specimens (n = 45) were polished and allocated among the groups. Samples underwent five cycles of enamel pellicle formation (120 µL saliva, 37°C, 2 h), each followed by an erosive challenge (6 ml of 1 % citric acid, 25°C, 1 min, pH 3.6). Surface hardness (SH), surface reflection intensity (SRI), surface roughness (Sa), and calcium release (CaR) were measured before and after the erosive cycles. Statistical analyses included the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality, one-way ANOVA for SH and SRI, and Kruskal–Wallis tests for Sa and CaR (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PrEP individuals exhibited the greatest protection against erosion in terms of SH, followed by PLHIV (p = 0.016). Both groups showed significantly better protection than the Control group, with higher SRI values (p &lt; 0.05) and lower enamel surface roughness (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the groups regarding calcium release (p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PLHIV and individuals on PrEP demonstrate enhanced protective properties of the salivary pellicle against dental erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity in the bacterial communities of oral saliva from different genders of the Tibetan Population","authors":"Zhiyan Li ,&nbsp;Peixia Zhang ,&nbsp;Minhaoxue Zou ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Bohan Shi ,&nbsp;Derui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to investigate gender-based differences in oral bacterial community structure and diversity among Tibetans in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai, China, in order to support future research on the prevention and treatment of oral and systemic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Oral saliva samples from 19 Tibetan males and 19 females were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Species diversity indices and community composition were compared between genders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 9556 Species Observed (Sobs) were collected, with 5264 Sobs from Tibetan males (14 phyla, 128 genera) and 4292 Sobs from females (13 phyla, 108 genera). Species diversity analyses revealed that the Shannon and ACE indices of the oral bacterial communities of Tibetan males (2.45–4.07, 202.29–406.01) were significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as compared to the females (1.77–3.55, 131.58–410.31). Community composition analysis demonstrated that the predominant phyla of the oral saliva samples were similar in Tibetan males and females and included <em>Firmicutes</em>, <em>Bacteroidota</em>, and <em>Actinobacteriota</em>. Gender differences were detected in the dominant oral bacterial genera, with <em>Neisseria</em>, <em>Rothia</em> and <em>Prevotella</em> being the genera exhibiting key differences. In Tibetan males, the dominant genera were <em>Streptococcus</em> (12.27 %–60.22 %), <em>Veillonella</em> (1.98 %–37.13 %), <em>Prevotella</em> (12.27 %–60.22 %), <em>Actinomyces</em> (1.07 %–25.41 %), <em>Rothia</em> (0.96 %–11.16 %), <em>Porphyromonas</em> (0.37 %–13.72 %), and <em>Gemella</em> (0.33 %–10.12 %). For females, the predominant genera included <em>Streptococcus</em> (11.49 %–54.24 %), <em>Neisseria</em> (0.46 %–49.22 %), <em>Rothia</em> (5.05 %–29.70 %), <em>Porphyromonas</em> (0.11 %–21.48 %), <em>Gemella</em> (1.01 %–13.31 %), <em>Granulicatella</em> (1.18 %–14.93 %), <em>Prevotella</em> (0.06 %–29.18 %), <em>Haemophilus</em> (0.41 %–6.97 %), and <em>Veillonella</em> (0.26 %–13.72 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gender-specific variations in oral microbiota composition highlight potential implications for understanding oral and systemic disease susceptibility in Tibetan populations. These findings provide a foundation for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of PANoptosis activation in irreversible pulpitis: An in vitro study based on human tissue samples","authors":"Bo Yang ,&nbsp;YinYu Fu ,&nbsp;Ling Lai,&nbsp;Jun He,&nbsp;Xinzhu Li,&nbsp;Jin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the activation of the PANoptosome in pulpitis by examining apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis within inflamed dental pulp tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This study reanalyzed an RNA-seq dataset from the GEO database and validated the results with qRT-PCR. Immunoblotting assessed the activation of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis pathways in healthy and inflamed pulp tissues. Coimmunoprecipitation detected potential interactions between caspase-8 and PYCARD in pulpitis. We used scRNA-seq data to determine the distribution of caspase-8, PYCARD, and RIPK1 between the cell types, using R software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several PANoptosis-related genes were found to be upregulated at the mRNA levels. However, only the activation of apoptosis and pyroptosis was detected in inflamed pulp. The interaction of caspase-8 and PYCARD in pulpitis was not detected. Reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data revealed that caspase-8 is mainly expressed in T cells, PYCARD is expressed in all cell types, particularly in monocytes, dendritic cells and plasma cells, while RIPK1 shows no specificity in its expression among different cell types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Apoptosis and pyroptosis are activated in inflamed human pulp tissue. However, these two pathways do not manifest as PANoptosis; instead, they exist independently within different cell populations in the tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage depletion in male mice impairs extraction socket healing by disrupting bone regeneration and tissue repair","authors":"Kanji Horibe,&nbsp;Daisuke Nishida,&nbsp;Hiroaki Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Macrophages play a critical role in tissue repair and bone regeneration by regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteoblast differentiation. The present study examined the role of macrophages in extraction socket healing using a clodronate liposome-induced macrophage depletion model in mice, with a focus on both soft and hard tissue regeneration. We also investigated the involvement of cytokines, such as TGF-β, PDGF, and BMP2.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 J mice were intravenously administered clodronate or control liposomes three days prior to tooth extraction and the healing process was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and quantitative RT-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The clodronate liposome treatment significantly reduced F4/80-positive and CD206-positive macrophages, delayed mucosal closure, disrupted angiogenesis, and suppressed new bone formation. Vascular density in the extraction socket was significantly reduced, and was accompanied by decreases in the expression of PDGF-A and PDGF-B, which are critical for mesenchymal stem cell migration and angiogenesis. The expression of BMP2 and TGF-β and their downstream signaling were also suppressed, which impaired new bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results demonstrate that macrophages are essential for the cytokine-mediated coordination of soft and hard tissue regeneration and highlight their therapeutic potential to improve periodontal and bone regeneration treatments. Because all experiments were performed in male C57BL/6 mice, these findings may not fully extend to females, in which estrogen is known to modulate macrophage function and bone healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Brazilian green and brown propolis on human pulp cells and bacteria involved in primary endodontic infection: Ex Vivo study","authors":"Washington Henrique Themoteo da Silva ,&nbsp;Fernanda Rodrigues Guedes ,&nbsp;Caio Luiz Lins-Candeiro ,&nbsp;Camila Maura Morais Lima dos Santos ,&nbsp;Maria Anita Lemos Vasconcelos Ambrosio ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani ,&nbsp;Jairo Kenupp Bastos ,&nbsp;Mariana Brentini Santiago ,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Turrioni","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated the antibacterial effects and impact of Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and brown propolis (BBP) on human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>HDPF were seeded in 96-well plates (10,000 cells/well) and exposed to BGP (5, 10, 50 μg/mL), BBP (5, 10, 50 μg/mL), 0.5 % dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.018 % carbamide peroxide, 10 μg/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (control). Cell viability (methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assay), reactive oxygen species (ROS, DCFH-DA probe), nitric oxide (NO; Griess reagent), and cell morphology (scanning electron microscopy) were analyzed. Wound healing was assessed at 0, 24, and 48 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Dunn’s rank-sum test (5 % significance) was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>BGP and BBP exhibited high cytocompatibility, maintained cell viability, and did not induce NO production (p &gt; 0.05). ROS production in the TNF-α group differed considerably from that in the other groups. Regarding the antibacterial effect at concentrations ≤ 100 μg/mL, BGP was effective against <em>P. micra</em>, while BBP was effective against seven bacterial species.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BGP and BBP demonstrated high cytocompatibility and absence of ROS and NO production, with BGP promoting greater HDPF stimulation and BBP exhibiting superior antibacterial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in tongue carcinogenesis","authors":"Hannah Gil de Farias Morais ,&nbsp;Helder Domiciano Dantas Martins ,&nbsp;Alexandre Rolim da Paz ,&nbsp;Everton Freitas de Morais ,&nbsp;Paulo Rogerio Ferreti Bonan ,&nbsp;Roseana de Almeida Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate, through immunohistochemistry, the interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the immune checkpoint proteins PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The EMT status was determined based on the immunostaining of E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins. EMT status and the immunoexpression of PD-L1 and PD-1 were analyzed semiquantitatively in 61 cases of OTSCC, and the cases were categorized into low and high expression groups for association with clinicopathological variables and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A predominance of cases with positive EMT status was identified (75.4 %), with a statistically significant association between histological grade of malignancy and the occurrence of EMT (<em>p</em> = 0.003). Regarding the clinical parameters analyzed, a statistically significant difference was observed between OTSCC cases with larger sizes and higher levels of PD-L1 expression (<em>p</em> = 0.048). Additionally, the immunoexpressions of the PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins were higher in cases with positive EMT status (<em>p</em> = 0.003 and <em>p</em> = 0.001, respectively), as well as a moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlation between the immunoexpression scores of PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins (r = 0.571; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of the present study suggest the potential involvement of EMT in the modulation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in OTSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of xanthan gum-based, guar gum-based, and starch-based thickeners on tongue pressure and pharyngeal residue","authors":"Jumpei Okawa ,&nbsp;Yuki Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Ayako Ito ,&nbsp;Satomi Kawakami ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Miyaji ,&nbsp;Takahiro Ono ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the relationship between pharyngeal residue and both the oral and pharyngeal stages by observing tongue pressure and pharyngeal dynamics during the swallowing of thickened liquid prepared with starch-based, guar gum-based, and xanthan gum-based thickeners.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The participants were 20 volunteers without dysphagia (17 male, 3 female, 33.1 ± 8.8 years). Samples were water and liquids thickened with starch-based, guar gum-based, and xanthan gum-based thickeners, and each was 15 mL. The shear viscosity of thickened liquids was 400 mPa·s at 50 s-1. Whiteout duration and pharyngeal residue were observed by videoendoscopy, and swallowing sounds were recorded with a microphone. Tongue pressure was measured by using a multichannel sensor sheet placed on the palate. Whiteout duration, swallowing sound duration, and tongue pressure parameters were compared between the samples and the presence of pharyngeal residue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The frequency of pharyngeal residue was significantly higher with starch-based samples than with water and xanthan-based samples (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The swallowing sound duration was significantly shorter for all of the thickened samples compared with water (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The tongue pressure at the posterior-circumferential for starch-based and guar gum-based samples was found to be significantly different from that for water (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, when pharyngeal residue occurred, tongue pressure was significantly greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the whiteout duration and swallowing sound duration were significantly longer (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the type of thickener influences both the oral and pharyngeal stages, which are associated with the occurrence of pharyngeal residue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}