Archives of oral biology最新文献

{"title":"Smoking and systemic Th17/Treg immune alterations in periodontitis: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sangamithra Sidharthan ,&nbsp;Dharmarajan Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Supriya Kheur ,&nbsp;Poonam Suryavanshi ,&nbsp;Avinash Sanap","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impact of smoking on systemic and local immune responses in periodontitis, focusing on Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cell frequencies and their associated cytokine expression.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Forty-five participants were categorized into healthy controls (n = 15), non-smokers with periodontitis (n = 15), and smokers with periodontitis (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to quantify CD4⁺ T cells, Th17 (CD4⁺IL-17A⁺), and Treg (CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺) populations. Gingival biopsies from a subset of participants (n = 24) were assessed by qRT-PCR for IL-17A, FOXP3, IL-12(p35), and hEBI3 expression. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Smokers with periodontitis exhibited greater probing depth and clinical attachment loss than non-smokers and healthy controls (p &lt; 0.001). Both periodontitis groups showed elevated circulating CD4⁺ T cells and Tregs, with Th17 frequencies highest in smokers. These systemic differences remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, with moderate effect sizes (η² = 0.25–0.44). Gingival expression of IL-17A, FOXP3, IL-12(p35), and hEBI3 did not differ significantly between groups after FDR adjustment, with small effect sizes (η² ≤ 0.09). No significant correlations were observed between smoking exposure and systemic or local immune markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Periodontitis is associated with marked systemic immune alterations, whereas local transcriptional changes are subtle. Smoking modestly enhances systemic Th17 responses without robust changes in gingival cytokine expression, highlighting the need for adequately powered and longitudinal studies to clarify immune mechanisms in periodontitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A functional axis of mastication and respiration in cognitive function: A narrative review","authors":"Jun Hosomichi,&nbsp;Takashi Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review presents an integrative framework of the \"Mastication–Respiration Axis,\" proposing that the masticatory and respiratory systems interact to form a functional axis essential for the development and maintenance of cognitive health in brain circuits.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We narratively synthesized studies identified by structured searches of PubMed from inception to September 1, 2025, using predefined keywords related to mastication/chewing, nasal respiration/breathing, and cognition, and including peer-reviewed human and animal studies published in English.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evidence shows that mastication and respiration are coordinated at the brainstem through central pattern generators. Dysfunction in this axis—such as reduced chewing or oral breathing—activates stress and inflammatory pathways. The prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum depend on rhythmic inputs from both systems, with nasal respiration acting as a cortical pacemaker. Animal studies demonstrate that masticatory deficiency impairs hippocampal memory, while respiratory disruption during critical developmental periods causes long-lasting cerebellar and affective–motor deficits, offering a neurobiological basis for clinical links between oral breathing and neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mastication and respiration are not merely peripheral functions but are deeply integrated with the central nervous system, forming a critical axis for brain development, plasticity, and function. Dysfunction in this axis, particularly during sensitive developmental windows, may lead to long-term impairments in memory, motor control, and affective regulation. This integrated model highlights the clinical importance of early interventions in dental, orthodontic, and respiratory health to support lifelong neurological well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liraglutide enhances bone regeneration in a critical-size calvarial defect model in male rats: A comparative study with autogenous grafts, allografts, and xenografts","authors":"Necati Zavrak ,&nbsp;Aysan Lektemur Alpan ,&nbsp;Özlem Özmen","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Bone grafting materials are widely used in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects, and pharmacological agents with the potential to enhance their regenerative potential have been of great interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Liraglutide on bone regeneration when combined with different grafting materials.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Critical-sized calvarial defects with a 5 mm diameter were created bilaterally in rats, and eight experimental groups were formed: Control, autogenous graft, allograft, xenograft, and the combination of each graft material with Liraglutide. Bone healing was evaluated through histomorphometric analyses and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). analyses. Immunohistochemical analyses for β-catenin, BMP-2, osterix, osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and Runx2 were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histomorphometric data demonstrated that Liraglutide significantly enhanced the osteogenic performance of the grafts, resulting in greater new bone formation and defect closure (p &lt; 0.05). The Liraglutide-Autogenous graft group showed the highest levels of new bone formation and defect closure. Immunohistochemical results revealed that Liraglutide promoted osteoblastic activity while suppressing osteoclastic activity. Micro-CT findings supported these outcomes, indicating significant improvements in bone volume, trabecular thickness, and structural integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Liraglutide enhances bone healing and exerts a synergistic effect when used in combination with bone grafts. These findings suggest that Liraglutide serves as a promising adjunct in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of patient-derived organoids among oral squamous cell carcinoma and mucosa identifies the distinct features","authors":"Jianguo Gan ,&nbsp;Wanrong Meng ,&nbsp;Dan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Feng ,&nbsp;Guiquan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to establish matched patient-derived organoids from oral squamous cell carcinoma (PDO-T) and adjacent normal mucosa (PDO-N), characterize their distinct features, and evaluate their impact on drug response.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>PDOs were generated from primary OSCC tissues and matched adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 18 patients. Morphological and histological characteristics were assessed using brightfield microscopy and phalloidin staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate differential marker expression. Drug response assays were conducted in paired PDO-T and PDO-N to assess chemotherapeutic sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We successfully established 5 PDO-T and 15 PDO-N lines, with PDO-N exhibiting a higher success rate (∼80 %). Morphological analysis showed that PDO-N formed spherical structures with a central cavity and polarity, while PDO-T displayed irregular structures with heterogeneous cell arrangements. Immunohistochemistry revealed broad distribution of Ki-67, p63 and YAP/TAZ in PDO-T, contrasting with their basal layer restriction in PDO-N. p53 was strongly positive in PDO-T. CK5 and CK13 exhibited a stratified pattern in PDO-N. Importantly, drug testing in paired PDO-T and PDO-N revealed divergent responses, with PDO-N generally more resistant and able to maintain morphological integrity under high-dose treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our comparative analysis delineates distinct features between PDO-T and PDO-N in morphology, biomarker expression, and drug response. These findings provide an intuitive framework for their identification, thereby improving the accuracy of drug screening and enhancing the translational value of PDOs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulated expressions of caspase-4 and -5 upon challenging with periodontal microorganisms in human gingival epithelial cells","authors":"Anupong Makeudom,&nbsp;Ekapong Dechtham,&nbsp;Nutthapong Kantrong,&nbsp;Pimphorn Meekhantong,&nbsp;Khuanchanok Laongnualpanich,&nbsp;Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gram-negative periodontal microorganisms may be recognized by caspase-4/-5, lipopolysaccharide sensors, in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs). This study aimed to determine expressions of inflammasomal biomolecules and to elucidate their signaling in epithelial cells upon challenging with cell wall extract of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, <em>Prevotella intermedia</em>, or <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>HGECs were stimulated with 1 or 5 μg/ml of each extract for 24 h. Expressions of caspase-1, caspase-4/-5, and gasdermin D were assayed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in conditioned medium were measured by ELISA. Apoptosis was analyzed by immunoblotting for caspase-3, BCL-2, and BAX expressions and by flow cytometry for annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Upon stimulation, phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein 2 (RIP2) kinase and localization of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significantly upregulated expressions of caspase-4/-5 proteins, but not their gene, upon challenging with each extract were found (p &lt; 0.05). However, gene and protein expressions of caspase-1 or gasdermin D were not significantly altered in the extract-stimulated HGECs, consistent with unchanged levels of IL-1β or IL-18, unaltered expressions of caspase-3, BCL-2, BAX, and non-differences in the percentages of apoptosis. Enhancement of phosphorylated RIP2 kinase and nuclear expression of the p50 and p65 subunits were instead observed in HGECs stimulated with each extract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The cell wall extract of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, <em>Prevotella intermedia</em>, or <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> upregulated expressions of caspase-4/-5 proteins in HGECs and activated RIP2 kinase that led to induced expression of NF-kappaB, without any sign of pyroptotic cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is salivary melatonin an indicator of periodontal disease severity? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rodrigo Martins dos Santos ,&nbsp;Franciane Duarte Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Liliane Moretti Carneiro ,&nbsp;Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera ,&nbsp;Ana Carla Thalez Ywabuchi Nobumoto ,&nbsp;Bianca Elvira Belardi ,&nbsp;Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura ,&nbsp;Gabriel Zopolatto Turci Dias ,&nbsp;Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin ,&nbsp;Fernando Yamamoto Chiba","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the differences in salivary melatonin (S-MEL) levels between individuals with periodontal disease and healthy individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, and BIREME following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and PROSPERO registration. Human studies comparing patients with periodontal disease with healthy controls and reporting S-MEL were included. Screening occurred in two phases. Meta-analysis was performed in Jamovi using the MAJOR module, applying the standardized mean difference (SMD) (Hedges g), a random-effects model, heterogeneity statistics, and publication bias tests. Seventeen comparisons were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The random-effects model showed significantly lower S-MEL levels in patients with periodontal disease (SMD = –2.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI] –3.44 to –0.63; p = 0.005), with high heterogeneity (I² = 97.8 %). Notably, most studies reported reduced melatonin levels, despite a few positive effects. Funnel plot asymmetry and Begg/Egger tests suggested publication bias, although trim-and-fill revealed no missing studies. The high fail-safe N supported the robustness of the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>S-MEL levels were consistently lower in patients with periodontal disease, suggesting a potential biomarker relationship. Despite the substantial heterogeneity, the overall evidence supports this association. However, further standardized studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mouthrinses differentially rewire salivary virus-microbiome interaction dynamics in COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Armelia Sari Widyarman ,&nbsp;Rika Bur ,&nbsp;Nadeeka S. Udawatte ,&nbsp;Prika Maulina Agaristi ,&nbsp;Intan Razari ,&nbsp;Syukrini Bahri ,&nbsp;Mario Richi ,&nbsp;Tri Erri Astoeti ,&nbsp;Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this randomized clinical trial (RCT) we evaluated the efficacy of mouthrinses containing sodium chlorite (NaClO₂), povidone iodine (PVP-I), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) compared to sterile water control in modulating salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load and the oral microbiome in COVID-19 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 each) and rinsed with 10 ml of their assigned solution for 30 s. Saliva was collected pre-rinse and at 5-min, 3-hour, and 6-hour post-rinse. Viral load was quantified via RT-qPCR targeting N and ORF1ab genes, and oral microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CPC reduced viral load by 1.5-fold (P = 0.12), PVP-I by 1.2-fold (P = 0.18), and NaClO₂ by 1.1-fold (P = 0.34) at 6-hour, though not statistically significant. Overall oral microbiome diversity and composition remained stable (P = 0.67), although CPC and PVP-I significantly altered specific taxa such as <em>Leptotrichia</em> sp. and <em>Lautropia mirabilis</em>. Moreover, CPC and PVP-I disrupted the salivary microbiome network with SARS-CoV-2 genes, namely N and ORF1ab genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study to provide new insight into the modulation dynamics of mouthrinses on salivary SARS CoV-2 and oral microbiome, suggesting that CPC and PVP-I may provide potential health benefits by reducing viral load and modulating microbiome–virus networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic polymorphisms in headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder: A case-control study","authors":"Camilla Porto Campello ,&nbsp;Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos ,&nbsp;Elker Lene Santos de Lima ,&nbsp;Renata Silva Melo Fernandes ,&nbsp;Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): −308 G/A <em>TNF-α</em>, −174 G/C <em>IL-6</em>, and C677T <em>MTHFR</em> and the presence of headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (HATMD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This case-control study included a total of 68 patients with HATMD and 200 controls, aged 18 years and older. Both sets of participants included both genders. The diagnosis followed the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The temporomandibular disorder pain screen was also applied. The −308 G/A <em>TNF-α</em> and 677 C/T <em>MTHFR</em> SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and −174 G/C <em>IL-6</em> SNP was performed by PCR. Allele frequencies and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between HATMD and genotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed that the AA genotype of −308 G/A <em>TNF-α</em> SNP (OR_GG/AA= 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.0568–0.7724,p = 0.0290) and the CT genotype of C677T <em>MTHFR</em> SNP (OR_CC/CT = 0.40, 95 % CI: 0.2224–0.7350, p = 0.0042) were protective factors for HATMD risk. No significant association was found between -174G/C <em>IL-6</em> SNP and the risk of HATMD (OR_GG/CC = 0.58, 95 % CI: 0.2122–1.6367, p = 0.45).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The −308 G/A <em>TNF-α</em> and C677T <em>MTHFR</em> SNPs were identified as protective factors against the development of HATMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary monoacetylated polyamines as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and stratification of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A targeted metabolomics study","authors":"Karthika Panneerselvam ,&nbsp;Rajkumar Krishnan ,&nbsp;Sathishkumar Mahadevan ,&nbsp;Mathan Mohan Ayyadurai ,&nbsp;Masahiro Sugimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate salivary monoacetylated polyamines as noninvasive biomarkers for the detection and staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 15), oral leukoplakia (OLK) patients (n = 15), and OSCC patients stratified into early (n = 28) and advanced stages (n = 46). Seven polyamines were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Diagnostic performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, logistic regression modeling, and multivariate clustering.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>N¹-acetylspermidine and N¹-acetylspermine showed progressive elevation from OLK to advanced OSCC, with AUCs of 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. A two-marker logistic model achieved a cross-validated AUC of 0.85, demonstrating good discriminatory performance between malignant and non-malignant states. Multivariate analysis confirmed their contribution to disease stratification, while calibration plots supported model reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Salivary N¹-acetylspermidine and N¹-acetylspermine are promising biomarkers for noninvasive OSCC detection and staging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-related lactylation gene signature defines diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis through integrative bulk and single-cell transcriptomics","authors":"Xueyi Liang,&nbsp;Runxi Fu,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exosomes and lactylation modification have been increasingly recognized as key regulators of diseases, yet their integrative role in periodontitis remains unclear. No diagnostic model based on exosome-related lactylation genes (ERLGs) has been previously established for periodontitis. This study aimed to explore ERLGs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets, machine learning modeling, and experimental validation were employed to identify ERLG signatures and dissect their cellular context in periodontitis.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>We identified 53 ERLGs that were significantly dysregulated in periodontitis and closely linked to metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation. ERLG-based clustering robustly distinguished periodontitis from healthy tissues and revealed distinct immune infiltration patterns. A machine learning–based diagnostic model using eight core ERLGs (AK3, CHST1, CHST2, MERTK, EGLN3, CXCR4, DSC2, KCNN4) achieved excellent predictive performance (AUC=0.938 in training cohort; validated in two independent cohorts). scRNA-seq uncovered heterogeneous lactylation modification patterns across major cell populations. Fibroblast subclustering revealed three disease-sensitive subsets (Fib_NTRK3, Fib_TNXB, Fib_MFAP5) that were reduced in periodontitis and exhibited reduced lactylation scores. Endothelial cell subclustering identified a disease-enriched Endo_TGM2 population characterized by high lactylation scores, activation of TGF-β, PI3K–AKT–mTOR, and TNFα/NF-κB signaling, and dynamic differentiation trajectories, and strong interactions with fibroblasts. Inflammatory stimulation enhanced exosomal lactylation and derived ERLG dysregulation in human gingival fibroblasts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study establishes the first ERLG-based diagnostic model for periodontitis, demonstrates its robust predictive capability and delineates cell type–specific lactylation remodeling, which providing mechanistic insights and potential signature for diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 106494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}