Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Prehabilitation: Are There Sex- and Gender-Specific Issues in Surgery Preparation?","authors":"Adriana Angarita-Fonseca, Louise Pilote","doi":"10.1159/000545024","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prehabilitation programs have advanced considerably; however, critical issues related to sex- and gender-specific factors remain largely unaddressed. Historically, research has been male-centered due to the underrepresentation of females in clinical trials, often attributed to concerns over hormonal variability. This focus has resulted in significant knowledge gaps and potential biases that impact effectiveness across sexes. We aim to highlight the need for integrating sex- and gender-specific considerations into prehabilitation to optimize surgical outcomes and promote equitable care for all patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Both biological (sex-related) factors, such as differences in muscle mass, metabolism, and body composition, and social (gender-related) factors, such as caregiving roles and stress management, influence individuals' responses to presurgical preparation. A review of the existing literature reveals a scarcity of data on sex and gender differences in prehabilitation, highlighting a major barrier to designing equitable and effective programs. Evidence underscores that comprehensive prehabilitation approaches, integrating physical, nutritional, and psychological elements, must account for these differences to optimize recovery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Sex- and gender-specific factors significantly shape patients' responses to prehabilitation and should be systematically incorporated into program design. The current lack of research on these differences limits the effectiveness of prehabilitation strategies, emphasizing the need for focused investigations. Addressing these gaps will facilitate the development of tailored, equitable prehabilitation programs that enhance presurgical care and improve recovery outcomes for all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition for Optimal Lactation.","authors":"Otilia Perichart-Perera","doi":"10.1159/000541757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding is the ideal method of feeding for all newborns and is associated with multiple positive health outcomes. Human milk provides all essential nutrients and bioactive molecules needed for optimal infant health and development. Maternal nutrition during lactation plays an important role in supporting breastfeeding and in preventing nutrition and metabolic imbalances. The aim of this narrative review was to describe the most prevalent nutrition issues in lactating women and provide a summary of current diet recommendations as well as controversies on supplementation, in order to facilitate the information for clinicians and health professionals.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Breastfeeding is a nutritionally demanding stage and adequate nutrition is key to avoid alterations in maternal nutritional status, to produce an adequate quantity of milk with good quality, and to avoid nutrition programming of diseases. Anemia and vitamin D, A, iodine, and iron deficiencies are common, while obesity and metabolic diseases keep rising. Inadequate maternal intake of many nutrients is also frequent in this stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes.","authors":"Nandita Perumal, Alison D Gernand","doi":"10.1159/000541205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The \"first 1,000 days\" - the duration of pregnancy and the first 2 years of life - is widely recognized as a sensitive period of early life, with implications for health and developmental outcomes throughout the life course. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is therefore essential to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and support healthy life trajectories.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This narrative review summarizes the physiological changes during pregnancy and how these changes affect the energy and nutrient requirements in pregnancy to support maternal, placental, and fetal development and tissue accretion. Recommendations for weight gain and macro- and micronutrient requirements during pregnancy are summarized along with the current evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota-Bone Axis.","authors":"Flavia Indrio, Alessia Salatto","doi":"10.1159/000541999","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge of the complex interplay between gut microbiota and human health is gradually increasing as it has just recently been a field of such great interest.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Recent studies have reported that communities of microorganisms inhabiting the gut influence the immune system through cellular responses and shape many physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). Specifically, the gut microbiota affects skeletal homeostasis through changes in host metabolism, the immune system, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The major role on gut-bone axis is due to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). They have the ability to influence regulatory T-cell (Tregs) development and activate bone metabolism through the action of Wnt10. SCFA production may be a mechanism by which the microbial community, by increasing the serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leads to the growth and regulation of bone homeostasis. A specific SCFA, butyrate, diffuses into the bone marrow where it expands Tregs. The Tregs induce production of the Wnt ligand Wnt10b by CD8+ T cells, leading to activation of Wnt signaling and stimulation of bone formation. At the hormonal level, the effect of the gut microbiota on bone homeostasis is expressed through the biphasic action of serotonin. Some microbiota, such as spore-forming microbes, regulate the level of serotonin in the gut, serum, and feces. Another group of bacterial species (Lactococcus, Mucispirillum, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium) can increase the level of peripheral/vascular leptin, which in turn manages bone homeostasis through the action of brain serotonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Early-Life Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies.","authors":"Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1159/000541492","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota, or microbiome, is essential for human health. Early-life factors such as delivery mode, diet, and antibiotic use shape its composition, impacting both short- and long-term health outcomes. Dysbiosis, or alterations in the gut microbiota, is linked to conditions such as allergies, asthma, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article reviews current strategies to influence the early-life gut microbiome and their potential health impacts. It also briefly summarizes guidelines on using biotics for gastrointestinal and allergic diseases in children. Key strategies include vaginal or fecal microbiota transplantation for cesarean-born infants, breastfeeding, and biotic-supplemented formulas. While vaginal microbial transfer and maternal fecal microbiota transplantation show short-term benefits, further research is needed to determine long-term safety and efficacy. Breast milk, rich in human milk oligosaccharides, promotes a healthy microbiota and offers protection against infections. Biotic-supplemented formulas can improve the gut microbiota in formula-fed infants and show clinical effects, though each biotic must be evaluated separately. Probiotics given as dietary supplements outside of infant formulas show promise for treating gastrointestinal disorders but require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Contamination of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube and Nasogastric Tube with Drug-Resistant Bacteria.","authors":"Shota Kanamori, Hiroaki Koya, Naomi Kurata, Keiko Ishino","doi":"10.1159/000543972","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enteral nutrition is used in patients with stroke, head-and-neck or esophageal cancer surgery, or repeated aspiration pneumonia. Japanese enteral nutrition guidelines recommend percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) for long-term use of >4 weeks and nasogastric tube (NGT) for short-term use of <4 weeks. Catheters may be contaminated with microorganisms because enteral feeding products passed through them daily, but there are few reports on catheter contamination in Japan and no reports on the duration of catheter use. There are also reports that enteral feeding is a risk factor for the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether microorganisms could be isolated from enteral feeding catheters and determine the percentage of drug-resistant bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six PEGs and 59 NGTs were collected at Showa University Hospital and Showa University Fujigaoka Rehabilitation Hospital from May 2019 to March 2020. Microorganisms were cultured by incubating 20 mL pass/wash solution of sterile purified water on BHI agar medium (37°C) for 24-72 h. The strains were isolated and cultured, then frozen (80°C) and stored. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microorganisms were detected in 37 PEGs and 57 NGTs (p = 0.007). Bacteria were detected in 27 PEGs and 53 NGTs (p < 0.001), and yeasts were detected in 29 PEGs and 28 NGTs (p = 0.112). Drug-resistant bacteria were isolated from 19.6% (9 of 46) in PEGs and 23.7% (14 of 59) in NGTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PEGs and NGTs were contaminated with microorganisms, and drug-resistant bacteria were isolated. This study provides a rationale for future appropriate use in enteral feeding catheters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome Maturation Trajectory and Key Milestones in Early Life.","authors":"Marie-Claire Arrieta","doi":"10.1159/000543754","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of the gut microbiome during early life plays a critical role in shaping long-term health. The first 1,000 days represent a crucial period in which the microbiome is particularly malleable, influenced by various factors such as birth mode, diet, antibiotic exposure, and environmental interactions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review outlines the key stages of microbiome maturation, beginning with initial colonization at birth and progressing through the diversification and stabilization phases during the first 5 years of life. Factors like breastfeeding, the introduction of solid foods, and early-life antibiotic have a critical impact on microbial diversity and immune system development. Disruptions to the microbiome during this critical window, particularly through antibiotic use, are associated with an increased risk of immune, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent research emphasizes the need for a better understanding of these early-life trajectories to inform interventions that promote a healthy microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Flavia Indrio, Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1159/000540495","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"81 Suppl 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Analogues for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Fabiana Dolovitsch de Oliveira, Samira Mohamad Khalil, Emmily Daiane Buarque de Santana Sato, Matheus Henrique Gonçalves de Souza, Gilmara Coelho Meine","doi":"10.1159/000541583","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues may benefit patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of FGF21 analogues versus placebo for treating patients with MASH in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Primary outcomes were fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of MASH and MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis. Secondary outcomes were relative reduction ≥30% of the hepatic fat fraction (HFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 7 RCTs (886 patients). FGF21 analogues had a higher probability of fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of MASH (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.22), MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis (RR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.80, 6.06), and reduction ≥30% in the HFF by MRI-PDFF (RR: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.33) than placebo, without significant difference in the risk of AEs. Subgroup analyses by the stage of fibrosis showed that FGF21 analogues improved fibrosis only among patients with fibrosis stages F1-F3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FGF21 analogues appear to be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with MASH, although the impact on fibrosis improvement may be limited to non-cirrhotic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-Soluble Vitamins Stability by Robust Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Wei Luo, Danchen Wang, Yueming Tang, Qian Cheng, Xiaoli Ma, Songlin Yu, Ling Qiu","doi":"10.1159/000541587","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541587","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The measurement of water-soluble vitamins is essential to diagnose and monitor various vitamin deficiencies. Establishing stability limits for these vitamins is crucial to ensure accurate laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess the stability of commonly measured water-soluble vitamins under different storage conditions to improve the accuracy of water-soluble vitamins measurement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The stability of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxic acid and pyridoxal, biotin, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF), and ascorbic acid was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We investigated some pre-analytical factors: the effect of different storage temperatures and times variation between serum and plasma samples, and the impact of ice bath on the sample before centrifugation. We evaluated stability based on differences from the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Thiamine, pyridoxal, and ascorbic acid in serum exhibited instability at room temperature and 2-8°C. Riboflavin and 5-MTHF in serum were only stable for up to 48 and 72 h at 2-8°C. However, when stored at -20°C, all water-soluble vitamins remained stable for up to 72 h, whereas at -80°C, stability was maintained for up to 7 days. All vitamins in whole blood, except nicotinamide, were stable for up to 2-4 h when stored in an ice bath.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Water-soluble vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal, and ascorbic acid, are unstable at room temperature and 2-8°C. All vitamins were stable for up to 7 days and stored at -80°C. The ice bath improved the stability of whole blood samples before centrifugation. Thus, laboratories should ensure appropriate storage conditions to maintain pre-analytical quality for vitamin measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The measurement of water-soluble vitamins is essential to diagnose and monitor various vitamin deficiencies. Establishing stability limits for these vitamins is crucial to ensure accurate laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess the stability of commonly measured water-soluble vitamins under different storage conditions to improve the accuracy of water-soluble vitamins measurement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The stability of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxic acid and pyridoxal, biotin, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF), and ascorbic acid was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We investigated some pre-analytical factors: the effect of different storage temperatures and times variation between serum and plasma samples, and the impact of ice bath on the sample before centrifugation. We evaluated stability based on differences from the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Thiamine, pyridoxal, and ascorbic acid in serum exhibited instability at room temperature and 2-8°C. Riboflavin and 5-MTHF in serum were on","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}