Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Electromagnetic-Guided Nasogastric Tube Insertion by Nurses: A Multicenter Non-Inferiority Study.","authors":"Hideaki Sakuramoto, Kensuke Nakamura, Megumi Kamogawa, Hideaki Note, Kazunao Mori, Junko Tatsuno, Daisuke Yamaguchi, Toshifumi Miki, Tomoaki Ikezawa, Hideki Hashimoto, Saiko Okamoto, Hitoshi Tsugu, Masako Shirasaka, Kenichi Sai, Shinya Sakamoto, Tomomi Yoshida, Saori Kajiwara","doi":"10.1159/000552563","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Nasogastric tube feeding is essential for critically ill patients, yet blind insertion risks misplacement and related complications. Electromagnetic guidance enables real-time tracking, potentially enhancing safety and efficiency. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of nurse-led electromagnetic-guided nasogastric tube insertion with those of physician-performed blind insertion in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter prospective non-inferiority trial was conducted in seven Japanese intensive care units (July 2023-February 2025). Physicians performed blind insertions in the initial phase, followed by nurse training and electromagnetic-guided insertions using the CORTRAK system. The primary outcome was successful gastric placement without special techniques. Secondary outcomes included insertion time, attempts, complications, and tube position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 283 patients were analyzed (141 electromagnetic-guided, 142 blind). Success rates were similar (63.1% vs. 65.5%; difference -2.4%, 95% confidence interval: -13.5 to 8.8), confirming non-inferiority (Farrington-Manning p = 0.001). Electromagnetic-guided insertions required fewer reinsertions (median 0 vs. 1; p = 0.049) and less time (3.3 vs. 4.5 min; p = 0.03) in unadjusted analyses. No tracheobronchial misplacements occurred (blind: 1.4%). Complication rates were low and comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nurse-led electromagnetic-guided nasogastric tube insertion appears to be a safe, effective alternative to physician blind insertion, with comparable success and potential efficiency advantages. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"204-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Markers for Dietary Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Consumption: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Tung Hoang, Jeongseon Kim","doi":"10.1159/000548523","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Observational studies have raised questions regarding the comprehensive metabolomic markers associated with dietary macronutrient intake. This study aimed to identify metabolites that are causally linked to dietary macronutrient consumption using a robust analytical framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This genetic association study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic proxies for metabolites and their summary statistics were sourced from 64 genome-wide association studies, and a meta-analysis provided summary statistics for 3,362 metabolites. Summary statistics for dietary carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes were obtained from the UK Biobank. MR associations were assessed using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and Egger's regression models to enhance robustness. Significant metabolites were subjected to enrichment analysis to identify relevant metabolic pathways. Associations were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and enrichment analysis was used to identify key KEGG pathways based on p values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis identified 540 metabolite-macronutrient associations: 186 for carbohydrate intake, 217 for fat intake, and 137 for protein intake. Metabolites inversely associated with carbohydrate and protein intake, but positively linked to fat intake, were enriched in KEGG pathways, particularly those governing the biosynthesis and metabolism of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan and phenylalanine) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) (tyrosine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study comprehensively mapped the metabolite associations with dietary macronutrient intake using extensive genetic data. These findings highlight the critical roles of aromatic and BCAA biosynthesis and metabolism as key metabolic pathways in macronutrient regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Milk Bioactives in Breastfeeding: Understanding the Complex Biology of Mother-Child Interactions.","authors":"Andrew M Prentice","doi":"10.1159/000551893","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Low Protein Products Produced with a 3D Food Printer for Inherited Metabolic Diseases on Restricted Diet.","authors":"Merve Koç Yekedüz, Hilal Sena Hıdıroğlu, İlayda Aydemir, Furkan Yolcu, Engin Köse, Başak Ener, Pınar Kadıoğlu Şentürk, Kezban Candoğan, Fatma Tuba Eminoğlu","doi":"10.1159/000550101","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In intoxication-type inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), strict protein restriction is vital; noncompliance may lead to coma or death. Meat and eggs are prohibited lifelong. This study developed personalized low-protein (LP) alternatives and chewable amino acid supplements to improve dietary adherence, palatability, and overall quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LP meat, egg, and amino acid-based candy prototypes were produced using a three-dimensional (3D) food printer. Proximate composition, color, texture, and pH measurements were performed. Sensory evaluation was conducted with 15 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients with IMDs participated in sensory testing of 3D-printed LP foods. Visual and overall acceptability scores were high, with 93.3% expressing willingness to include products in their diets. Isoleucine and valine soft candies (SCs) and LP meat analogs received the highest ratings for texture and appearance. Arginine SC scored lower in taste and texture, aligning with instrumental softness data. Open-ended feedback emphasized emotional and dietary impact. Texture profile analysis and proximate composition confirmed feasibility of protein restriction with preserved palatability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>3D food printing provides visually and texturally acceptable LP options for patients with IMDs, enhancing dietary adherence and social participation. This pioneering study is the first to develop LP meat and egg analogs, offering significant contributions to the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Burden of Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Austria.","authors":"Stephanie Reitzinger, Thomas Czypionka","doi":"10.1159/000545082","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Europe, one in three school-aged children live with overweight or obesity and are at high risk of continuing to be affected by it throughout their lives. The objective of our study was to quantify the economic burden of obesity among Austrian children and adolescents born between 2000 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used obesity projections and the share of young adults assumed to have remained with obesity since childhood or adolescence to project the lifetime costs of birth cohorts from 2000 to 2019. We estimated lifetime costs per individual using population-attributable fractions, considering a discount rate of 3%, obesity-associated mortality, an obesity-associated \"income penalty,\" and future cost increases in the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Austria, we estimated that around 95,000 of all children and adolescents in 2019 remain with obesity as adults, which leads to a present value of EUR 9.2 billion or an annuity of approximately EUR 285 million (0.07% of GDP in 2019). Approximately 15% of costs arise from direct costs and 85% from indirect costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We highlighted the long-term economic burden of early-onset obesity in Austria and concluded that public health programs addressing children and adolescents with obesity could relieve high costs not only for individuals but also for society.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between Total Energy, and Protein Intake, and the MC4R rs17782313 Variant on Lipid Levels in Saudi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Israa M Shatwan, Maha S Al-Odinan, Najlaa M Aljefree, Noha M Almoraie, Basma Tariq Jamal, Marwan A Bakarman, Hani A Alhadrami","doi":"10.1159/000548524","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genetic variations, including rs17782313 (C/T) in the MC4R gene, are associated with lipid levels. Gene-diet interactions contribute to disease development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of interactions between total energy intake, protein intake, and MC4R rs17782313 on lipid parameters in Saudi adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study of 268 Saudi adults (aged 20-55 years), dietary data were assessed using a 136-item validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and MC4R (rs17782313) was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total energy and protein calorie intake interacted with the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism to influence total cholesterol (TC) (p_interaction = 0.036 and p_interaction = 0.021, respectively). Low total energy and protein intake was associated with decreased TC levels in all genotypes at rs17782313. The interaction between total energy intake and MC4R rs17782313 affected triglyceride levels (p_interaction = 0.039). Protein calorie intake significantly interacted with MC4R rs17782313 in determining low-density lipoprotein (p_interaction = 0.042). However, none of these interactions remained significant after applying Bonferroni correction (p > 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low total energy and protein intake is associated with low lipid levels among all genotypes at rs17782313 in Saudi adults. Further validation in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings and explore their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine and Metabolic Disorders: From Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.","authors":"Magdalena Danowska, Marek Strączkowski","doi":"10.1159/000552198","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a conditionally essential, sulfur-containing amino acid that has attracted growing interest for its multifaceted role in metabolic regulation. Unlike proteinogenic amino acids, taurine exerts diverse physiological functions, including bile acid conjugation, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and mitochondrial support. Emerging evidence indicates that taurine modulates key metabolic processes implicated in obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Mechanistically, taurine influences insulin signaling, lipid oxidation, inflammatory cascades (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B), and energy metabolism via pathways involving AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and mitochondrial function. Preclinical models demonstrate improvements in insulin sensitivity and inflammatory profiles with taurine administration. Human trials, though limited in scale and heterogenous in design, suggest potential benefits in glycemic control and lipid metabolism. However, inconsistencies in dosage, duration, and subject stratification limit the generalizability of findings.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review synthesizes current data on taurine biological activity and its relevance to metabolic pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Taurine shows promise as a multifunctional metabolic regulator capable of influencing insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000549161","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article by Cavdar et al. entitled \"Impact of a High-Calorie Diet on Metabolic Health, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, and Endothelial Function in Individuals with Constitutional Thinness\" [Ann Nutr Metab. 2025;81:311-318; https://doi.org/10.1159/000546273], there is an error introduced during production which deleted affiliation 2 (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey), which belonged to author Bercem Aycicek. The original article has been updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor 8 Concentrations in Children with Obesity.","authors":"Chao Liu, Linhao Wang, Shuang Guo, Lujie Liu, Ting Liu, Chunyan Yin","doi":"10.1159/000549529","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) represents a recently characterized secreted integrin ligand involved in modulating systemic metabolic processes through impacts on nutrient absorption, gastrointestinal motility, and lipid homeostasis. Current literature supports its relevance in obesity pathogenesis. However, the exploration of MFGE8's function specifically within pediatric obesity contexts remains insufficient. This investigation aimed to delineate relationships between circulating MFGE8 concentrations and diverse obesity-associated parameters in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study included 104 participants (32 females, 72 males), consisting of 64 children diagnosed with obesity and 40 normal-weight controls. We measured serum MFGE8 levels employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Multiple clinical and biochemical measures were evaluated, encompassing body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, hepatic enzyme patterns, cholesterol parameters, and fasting insulin (FINS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obese participants exhibited substantially increased serum MFGE8 concentrations relative to non-obese controls (p < 0.05). MFGE8 levels correlated positively with numerous anthropometric measures: systolic blood pressure, heart rate (BPM), bone age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio. Additionally, MFGE8 demonstrated significant positive relationships with multiple metabolic and inflammatory indicators: alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, FINS, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), basal metabolic rate, body fat percentage, uric acid, glutamyl transpeptidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, and leptin. Inverse correlations were identified with albumin and direct bilirubin. Multivariable linear regression modeling identified BMI, HOMA-IR, and male gender as independent positive predictors of MFGE8 concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that elevated MFGE8 levels are linked to pediatric obesity, implying its potential contribution to the development of this condition and associated metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Nutritional Status and Breastmilk Composition.","authors":"Andrew M Prentice","doi":"10.1159/000551917","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimation of the nutrient requirements of young infants is often based on the population average intake from breastmilk on the assumption that milk must have evolved as the ideal food. This is a contestable assumption for some nutrients (especially iron). Additionally, whilst an average intake might suffice for an average infant there is considerable variation in milk composition.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review considers how levels of the major nutritional components of breastmilk vary according to the mother's diet, her own nutritional status and whether she takes supplements. Several broad statements can be made: (a) the proximate composition of milk (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) is relatively insensitive to maternal nutrition although the fatty acid profile of milk does vary with maternal diet; (b) most water-soluble vitamins in milk closely follow maternal intake and status at least over the mid-range and are readily increased by supplementing the mother; folate is an exception; (c) the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K) are moderately sensitive to diet and can be altered by high-dose supplements; vitamin E is an exception; (d) milk iodine and selenium levels are sensitive to diet and hence show large geographical variations according to soil levels; the other minerals are virtually unaffected by diet or supplements. New estimates of milk composition have recently been published based on analysis of milk from healthy, well-nourished mothers in 4 counties and these will act as reference \"target\" values into the future.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Broadly speaking, human milk has evolved to meet an infant's requirements but this might not always be the case as breastmilk composition can vary widely between mothers for some nutrients. Protein and carbohydrate (mostly in the form of lactose) in breastmilk tend to be unaffected by the mother's nutritional status. Fat content is very variable and is somewhat influenced by the mother's BMI. The fatty acid profile is strongly influenced by the mother's diet. Water-soluble vitamins reflect the mother's diet and can be increased by supplementation of the mother. Most minerals in milk are not related to the mother's status; the exceptions are iodine and selenium whose levels vary by geography according to the soil content of each mineral. New reference values for breastmilk nutrient levels and intakes from the MILQ Study have been published in 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}