Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Study on Drug-Food Thickening Agents' Interactions between Warfarin and Prebiotics Used for Viscosity Adjustment.","authors":"Hitomi Wakabayashi, Koji Karasawa, Matoka Okamoto, Masahiro Chiba, Katsumi Tanaka","doi":"10.1159/000543532","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prebiotics are widely used in nutritional supplements, with water-soluble dietary fibers used as thickeners for patients with swallowing difficulties. Interactions between thickeners and medications have been reported; however, the effects of thickeners on warfarin remain unclear. Here, we examined the interaction between warfarin and thickeners through clinical and basic research studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical research study evaluated the effects of combining warfarin and thickeners on blood coagulation, while the basic research study measured the impact of different prebiotics and mixing with gastric and intestinal fluids on warfarin concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical research study showed no significant differences in the patients' prothrombin time-international normalized ratio and Warfarin Sensitivity Index (WSI) before and after the combination. However, the WSI decreased postcombination in half of the patients. Meanwhile, in the basic research study, a concentration-dependent decrease in the residual rate of warfarin was observed with xanthan gum, guar gum, and pectin. When mixed with artificial gastric and intestinal fluids, the residual rate decreased with xanthan and guar gum in gastric fluid and with pectin in intestinal fluid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thickeners primarily composed of xanthan gum, guar gum, and pectin may reduce the effectiveness of warfarin due to drug-food interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life and Psychological Changes in Bariatric Surgery: An Observational Study.","authors":"Beatriz Ramos-Bachiller, Juan J López-Gómez, Susana García-Calvo, Beatriz Torres-Torres, David Primo-Martín, Pilar Pinto-Fuentes, David Pacheco-Sánchez, Fernando Uribe Ladrón de Cegama, Daniel A De Luis","doi":"10.1159/000540012","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Candidates for bariatric surgery may have psychiatric disorders that must be evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the psychological state and quality of life (QoL) of patients with obesity awaiting bariatric surgery prior to surgical procedure and 1 year after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal retrospective observational study was carried out in 71 patients awaiting bariatric surgery. Anthropometric data were collected, and the following were evaluated before and 1 year after the intervention: 44 patients were evaluated to rule out personality disorder, using the Salamanca Questionnaire of Personality Disorders; eating disorder, with the Bulimia Test of Edinburgh (BITE); depression, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); and 71 patients were evaluated QoL, with the \"36-Item Short Form Health Survey\" (SF-36).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34.1% (n = 15) of patients presented personality disorder (group B most frequent). A total of 31.8% (n = 14) obtained scores suggesting anomalous food behavior (6.8%, n = 3 severe). According to the BDI, 43.2% (n = 19) showed low mood prior to the intervention. Lower scores were obtained when evaluating QoL for physical functioning (physical function: 56.81 ± 24.9; physical problems: 66.76 ± 37.64). One year after the intervention, QoL improved in those patients who underwent the sleeve gastrectomy (SG).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with bariatric surgery more frequently presented with type B and C personalities. One year after bariatric surgery, an improvement in QoL test was observed. Patients who underwent SG technique showed better mean scores than those after biliopancreatic diversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cord Blood Metabolite Profiles and Childhood Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in a Population-Based Cohort.","authors":"Christin Kaupper, Sophia Blaauwendraad, Romy Gaillard, Berthold V Koletzko, Vincent Jaddoe","doi":"10.1159/000543697","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adverse exposures in utero might cause adaptations of cardiovascular and metabolic organ development, predisposing individuals to an adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile from childhood onwards. We hypothesized that adaptations in metabolic pathways underlie these associations and examined associations of metabolite profiles at birth with childhood cardio-metabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 763 mother-child pairs participating in an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study with an overall low disease risk. Cord blood serum concentrations of amino acids (AAs), nonesterified fatty acids, phospholipids and carnitines (Carn) were obtained using a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. We measured android/gynoid fat mass ratio, blood pressure, insulin, and lipid concentrations at the children's age of 5.9 (0.3) and 9.8 (0.9) years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We did not observe associations of cord blood metabolites with systolic or diastolic blood pressure, insulin, triglycerides, and android/gynoid fat mass ratio at both ages and cardio-metabolic risk clustering at age 10 years. Five short- and medium-chain Carn.a metabolites were positively associated with cardio-metabolic risk clustering at age 6 but did not survive more stringent confounder adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No consistent associations between cord blood metabolites and cardiovascular risk factors at school age were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Enteral Nutrition Adequacy in Patients Hospitalised in Adult Intensive Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ekmel Burak Özşenel, Güldan Kahveci, Selma Dağci, Fatma Beyaz, Sema Basat","doi":"10.1159/000544741","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the principles of intensive care, nutritional support is an important part of critical care. This study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of enteral nutrition in patients hospitalised in adult intensive care units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and it was carried out on 124 patients who received enteral nutrition in the adult intensive care unit of a training and research hospital between March 1, 2022, and April 1, 2022. Patients who received parenteral nutrition during the 1-month follow-up were excluded from the study. The study used the enteral nutrition information form and the baseline NRS-2002 score. Energy needs of patients were calculated by Schofield method and addition of stress factors. Daily energy intake was recorded for each patient every day during hospitalisation. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Bonferroni, Pearson chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the patients was 70.9 ± 16.7 years (range 21-98), and 58.9% were male. The mean baseline NRS-2002 score was 5.88 ± 1.23. Enteral nutrition started an average of 2.4 ± 2.2 days (range 0-18) after ICU hospitalisation. The mean target energy intake according to Schofield method was 1,772.9 ± 284.3 kcal, while the actual intake was 1,463.5 ± 386.2 kcal. Only 37.1% of patients achieved the target dose, taking an average of 4.5 ± 4.2 days (1-20) to reach it. In 25% of patients, feeding was interrupted due to residual volumes exceeding 500 mL, with 54.8% of these receiving hypercaloric products. Patients with neurological and cardiac diagnoses had significantly higher rates of reaching the target dose (p = 0.001), while those with interruptions due to high residual volumes had lower rates (p = 0.003). Finally, the overall mortality rate was 59.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than half of the patients did not meet the goals set for enteral nutrition therapy. A lower baseline NRS-2002 score and low energy requirements facilitated goal attainment. Patients with cardiac or neurological conditions were more likely to reach the target nutritional dose. However, those fed with hypercaloric products experienced more interruptions due to excess residue and achieved the nutritional target less frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Diet Mitigated the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Overweight Individuals.","authors":"Ko-Lin Kuo, Yi-Chou Hou, Kuo-Hsien Tseng, I-Shiang Tzeng, Wen-Hsin Tsai, Hao-Wen Liu, Jia-Sin Liu, Kuan-Cheng Kuo, Yen-Chun Lai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, I-Hsin Lin, Ko-Lin Kuo","doi":"10.1159/000545953","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Being overweight, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25, is associated with multiple comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). A plant-based diet, such as a vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, serves as a preventive strategy for CKD in patients. We hypothesized that a vegetarian diet lowers the occurrence of CKD in overweight subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective study was performed in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital by a self-paid health exam. Age younger than 40 years old and the subjects without sufficient biochemical or hematologic results were excluded. The incidence of CKD was evaluated according to the self-reported eating habits (vegetarians, lacto-ovo vegetarians, or omnivores), overweight (with a BMI ≥25 or higher abdominal circumference [>90 cm in males or >80 cm in females]) or not, or other biochemical or hematologic parameters. The interaction between different factors for the development of CKD was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among these 6,567 subjects, the subjects with lacto-ovo vegetarian diet had a lower incidence of CKD than those with other dietary habits such as vegans and omnivores. The incidence of overweight was the highest in the omnivore group. The lacto-ovo vegetarian group had a lower risk of CKD occurrence than the omnivore group. After adjusting for age and sex in SEM, the lacto-ovo vegetarian diet lowered the risk of CKD for those with a high BMI or a higher triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary habits are associated with a lower occurrence of CKD in obese patients. The mitigating effect of the lacto-ovo vegetarian diet was due to the hazard of a higher BMI and TG/HDL ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Preoperative Nutritional Status with Sarcopenia in Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies Assessed by Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition Criteria: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yeming Xu, Yuqiu Zhao, Jiali Wang, Shuyang Gao, Qiannan Sun, Muhammad Ali, Mingbo Hua, Tianxiu Wang, Na Shi, Daorong Wang","doi":"10.1159/000542698","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) consensus highlights the importance of using the GLIM criteria as a standardized approach to diagnosing malnutrition, particularly in patients with cachexia. Although many existing studies have utilized the GLIM criteria to assess the association between malnutrition and malignant tumor patients, there remains relatively little research exploring the specific relationship between malnutrition and sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between malnutrition under the GLIM criteria and preoperative sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. By looking into the relationship, we hope to find better ways to prevent and treat sarcopenia in these patients, which will lead to better clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we selected 210 patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between June 2022 and July 2023. We diagnosed and graded the nutritional status of these patients using the GLIM criteria. At the same time, body composition analysis, calf circumference, and grip strength were detected in all patients to observe whether they had sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to GLIM criteria, 30.1% of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, of which 25.1% were classified as moderate malnutrition and 15% as severe malnutrition. The risk of sarcopenia in patients with severe malnutrition was 2.5 times that of patients with good nutrition, and 1.19 times that of patients with moderate malnutrition. Patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were 9.12 times more likely to develop sarcopenia than those with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2. Due to inadequate nutrient intake and resultant malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors, muscle protein synthesis is affected, exacerbating muscle protein breakdown and leading to an overall decline in muscle strength and function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the urgent need for nutritional screening in early gastrointestinal tumor patients, revealing a strong link between sarcopenia and malnutrition. Higher malnutrition levels, low BMI, and high nutritional risk significantly predict sarcopenia, with risk increasing alongside worsening malnutrition and disease stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Cooking Methods and Socio-Demographic, Dietary, and Anthropometric Factors: Results from the Cross-Sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Ana-Lucia Mayén, Pedro Marques-Vidal","doi":"10.1159/000542000","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542000","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Appropriate cooking methods can improve food safety, decrease contaminants, and increase nutrient bioavailability. Few studies assessed the sociodemographic characterization of their use in European populations. We aimed to characterize the socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric predictors of cooking methods in the Swiss population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Adults aged 18-75 years (n = 2,050) participating in the cross-sectional national nutrition survey in Switzerland (menuCH) (2014-2015), representing the 7 main regions in the country. We used logistic regressions to assess the probability of the presence or absence of boiled, roasted, microwaved, oven-cooked, gratinated, fried, steamed, and grilled foods by sociodemographic variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among all participants, the most frequently used cooking methods were boiling (46%), stove-cooking (19%), and steaming (8%). Single participants had a higher probability of consuming grilled or fried foods (68%) than their married counterparts and participants with obesity had a higher probability of consuming grilled or fried foods (67% or 135%) compared to those with normal weight. Divorced or separated participants had a 55% lower probability of consuming roasted foods than married participants. Those following a diet had a 57% lower probability of consuming grilled foods compared to those not on a diet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We found differences in the distribution of cooking methods in the Swiss population by sociodemographic variables. Further studies should examine the link between cooking methods and disease risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Appropriate cooking methods can improve food safety, decrease contaminants, and increase nutrient bioavailability. Few studies assessed the sociodemographic characterization of their use in European populations. We aimed to characterize the socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric predictors of cooking methods in the Swiss population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Adults aged 18-75 years (n = 2,050) participating in the cross-sectional national nutrition survey in Switzerland (menuCH) (2014-2015), representing the 7 main regions in the country. We used logistic regressions to assess the probability of the presence or absence of boiled, roasted, microwaved, oven-cooked, gratinated, fried, steamed, and grilled foods by sociodemographic variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among all participants, the most frequently used cooking methods were boiling (46%), stove-cooking (19%), and steaming (8%). Single participants had a higher probability of consuming grilled or fried foods (68%) than their married counterparts and participants with obesity had a higher probability of consuming grilled or fried foods (67% or 135%) compared to those with normal weight. Divorced or separated participants had a 55% lower probability of consuming roasted foods than marrie","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11797947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Pregnancy Diet with Metabolic Adverse Outcomes in Pregnant Women and Their Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mengmeng Fan, Yijun Chu, Yunze Zheng, Zhirui Zhang, Min Hou","doi":"10.1159/000543423","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The diet during pregnancy has long-term effects on the health outcomes of both mothers and their children. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review to explore the association of high-fiber diet, DASH diet, and Mediterranean diet with metabolic outcomes among mothers and their children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for relevant articles published from Jan 2012 to Nov 2022 through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. Randomized trials and observational studies that considered high-fiber diet, DASH diet, Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and metabolic outcomes in pregnant women and their children were included in the systematic review. Thirty studies were included involving 41,424 pregnant women and children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high-fiber diet was associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11-0.42), pregnancy hypertensive disorders (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25-0.81), and lower birth weight (-109.54 g; 95% CI: -204.84 to -14.24). The adherences to the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet were associated with reduced risk of GDM (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45-0.80; OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.26-0.51), and lower risk of excessive gestational weight gain (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18-0.93; OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.16-0.57). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of small for gestational age, fetal growth restriction, and childhood overweight in the progeny (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95; OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.89; OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During pregnancy, the high-fiber diet and adherences to the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet were associated with lower risk of adverse metabolic outcomes in pregnant women and their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and Health Benefits for the Mother-Infant Dyad: A Perspective on Human Milk Microbiota.","authors":"Ener Cagri Dinleyici","doi":"10.1159/000541711","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current scientific research on breastfeeding provides substantial evidence of its numerous positive impacts, not only for children in both the short and long term but also for mothers who engage in breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In addition to the gold standard effect of human milk on infant nutrition, breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of infections, reduced infant/childhood mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, and obesity during childhood and later in life, better cognitive performance, and a higher IQ score. For mothers, breastfeeding prolongs lactational amenorrhea, may facilitate postpartum weight loss, and may reduce breast and ovarian cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Breastfeeding can also play a beneficial role in preventing antibiotic resistance, which is a global concern across all age groups. Implementing exclusive breastfeeding for all infants has the potential to enhance child development and decrease healthcare expenses, leading to economic savings for both individual families and society. Human milk is a biologically active food that functions as both prebiotic and probiotic because of its oligosaccharides and the composition of its microbiota, which act as synergistic synbiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehabilitation: Are There Sex- and Gender-Specific Issues in Surgery Preparation?","authors":"Adriana Angarita-Fonseca, Louise Pilote","doi":"10.1159/000545024","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prehabilitation programs have advanced considerably; however, critical issues related to sex- and gender-specific factors remain largely unaddressed. Historically, research has been male-centered due to the underrepresentation of females in clinical trials, often attributed to concerns over hormonal variability. This focus has resulted in significant knowledge gaps and potential biases that impact effectiveness across sexes. We aim to highlight the need for integrating sex- and gender-specific considerations into prehabilitation to optimize surgical outcomes and promote equitable care for all patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Both biological (sex-related) factors, such as differences in muscle mass, metabolism, and body composition, and social (gender-related) factors, such as caregiving roles and stress management, influence individuals' responses to presurgical preparation. A review of the existing literature reveals a scarcity of data on sex and gender differences in prehabilitation, highlighting a major barrier to designing equitable and effective programs. Evidence underscores that comprehensive prehabilitation approaches, integrating physical, nutritional, and psychological elements, must account for these differences to optimize recovery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Sex- and gender-specific factors significantly shape patients' responses to prehabilitation and should be systematically incorporated into program design. The current lack of research on these differences limits the effectiveness of prehabilitation strategies, emphasizing the need for focused investigations. Addressing these gaps will facilitate the development of tailored, equitable prehabilitation programs that enhance presurgical care and improve recovery outcomes for all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"250-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}