Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Potential Contribution of Plant-Based Milk Alternatives to the Nutrient Supply in Sustainable Diets.","authors":"Margrit Richter, Alessa Klug, Christina Breidenassel, Anne Carolin Schäfer, Johanna Conrad, Bernhard Watzl","doi":"10.1159/000548487","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"60-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastmilk and Immune Function.","authors":"Wendy H Oddy","doi":"10.1159/000550961","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastmilk strengthens host defence mechanisms through innate and adaptive immune development and enhances the immature immunologic system of the neonate during a delicate and crucial period. As well as mammalian evolution, some of the mechanisms that explain active stimulation of the infant's immune system include three major phenomena: (1) human milk accelerates the maturation of gut barrier function in the otherwise immature neonatal mucosa; (2) a range of innate and adaptive immune factors in human milk protect the neonate and young infant from pathogenic damage; and (3) components in human milk actively modulate inflammatory reactions. Breastmilk feeding of newborns has been associated with reduced disease in early infancy and later life that may be attributed to many of the bioactive factors identified in milk such as extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microRNA, stem cells, cytokines, hormones, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and the nutrients, oligosaccharides, lipids, and proteins that promote optimum development and protect against disease.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Our current knowledge of the mechanisms whereby human milk impacts on infant immunological development provides evidence that breastfeeding should be promoted.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>All mothers should be encouraged and supported to exclusively breastfeed for at least the first 6 months of life. Breastfeeding and complementary foods beyond 6 months is recommended up to 2 years, to promote optimum health of the child.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Acceptability of Partial Enteral Nutrition as a Concomitant Therapy to Adalimumab in Adults with Active Crohn's Disease: BIOPIC Trial.","authors":"Catarina Fandinga, Jennifer Clowe, Bernadette White, Iona Campbell, John Paul Seenan, Emily Brownson, Simon Milling, Athanasios Koutsos, Gwo-Tzer Ho, Craig Mowat, Elaine Robertson, Daniel R Gaya, Amirhosein Kefayat, Shahida Din, Jonathan MacDonald, Konstantinos Gerasimidis","doi":"10.1159/000551940","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Partial enteral nutrition (PEN) is a dietary therapy for the management of Crohn's disease (CD). Although considered less restrictive than exclusive enteral nutrition, there are scarce data from patients with lived experience to support PEN. This study assessed dietary intake, the acceptability, and adherence to 50% PEN alongside treatment with adalimumab, for 6 weeks, in adults with active CD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adherence to PEN was measured by three methods: an interview with a dietitian using an adherence questionnaire, dietary analysis from food diaries, and inventory from provided enteral nutrition formula and unused stock returned. Food diaries were also used to assess differences in intake between participants receiving 50% PEN (ADA + PEN group) and those who did not (ADA group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine of 41 patients (71%) took the PEN volume prescribed every day for 6 weeks; 39 (95%) met the full PEN volume prescribed for 5 weeks or more. Fifty-nine percent reported no issues adhering to PEN, 11.5% felt too full, 10.5% reported social life constraints, and 5% taste fatigue. Most respondents would use PEN again to manage CD (93%). Food-diary analysis also showed high level of adherence (median [IQR] daily energy intake provided by PEN: 53% [49; 71.2]). The median (IQR) percentage of enteral feed used from the volume provided was 96% (88; 101). Participants in the ADA + PEN group modified the unrestricted portion of their diet, particularly dinners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support the good acceptability rate of 50% PEN alongside treatment with adalimumab, emphasizing its potential of being a viable dietary treatment option for adults with CD. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation and Chronic Disease: The Mediterranean Diet in Precision and Personalized Nutrition.","authors":"Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, João Tomé-Carneiro, Maria Margarida Marques da Silva, Maria Inês Tavares da Silva, Begoña de Cuevillas, Marta Paulino Silvestre, J Alfredo Martínez","doi":"10.1159/000551530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) is a shared biological pathway for noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and clinical manifestations, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity-related complications, some cancers, and neurodegenerative conditions. Diet is a powerful modulator of inflammatory status. Summary: This review synthesizes mechanistic and clinical evidence linking LGCI to NCDs, with emphasis on the role of the Mediterranean dietary (MedDiet) pattern, and outlines pragmatic prescription guidelines within precision and personalized nutrition. Meta-analytic evidence indicates that MedDiet interventions reduce interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, with a trend toward lower C-reactive protein. The Mediterranean diet also promotes beneficial shifts in gut microbiota composition, increasing short-chain fatty acid production and supporting epithelial barrier integrity, which contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects. Key Messages: Current evidence supports the Mediterranean diet as a primary cardiometabolic protective dietary approach with anti-inflammatory potential. Integrating precision and personalized nutrition strategies may help optimize its implementation, while straightforward, equity-focused approaches remain essential to translate biological potential into measurable population-level benefits. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Arterial Stiffness and Obesity Indicators: A Comparative Study of Traditional and Novel Anthropometric Measures in Northern Chinese.","authors":"Zongkai Li, Xiaoyan Lin, Jie Lin, Yan Huang, Hui Jing, Samuel Chacha, Yuan Shen, Yijun Kang, Duolao Wang, Hong Yan, Shaonong Dang","doi":"10.1159/000550364","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Arterial stiffness (AS) is a well-established independent predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, limited studies have examined the comparative predictive performance of traditional obesity indicators (BMI, WC) versus novel indices (WWI, ABSI, BRI, CI) for AS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized baseline data from the Shaanxi cohort of the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China (RECS). Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate obesity indicators, and estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) served as a surrogate for AS. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models assessed the associations and dose-response relationships between obesity indicators and ePWV. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the predictive performance of these indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for confounders, all obesity indices exhibited significant positive nonlinear associations with ePWV (p for nonlinearity < 0.001). Participants with overweight (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.51-1.77) or obesity (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.90-2.40) had a higher risk of elevated ePWV compared to those with normal BMI. Central adiposity (based on WC) was associated with a 70% increased risk (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.58-1.83). Similarly, individuals in the highest quartile (Q4) of WWI, ABSI, BRI, and CI showed 1.40-, 1.14-, 2.24-, and 1.52-fold higher risks of elevated ePWV, respectively, compared to the lowest quartile (Q1). Novel obesity indices demonstrated superior predictive performance over traditional measures, with WWI exhibiting the strongest discriminative ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity significantly increases AS risk in Chinese adults, and novel obesity indicators (particularly WWI) could outperform BMI and WC in predicting AS. Managing abdominal obesity and reducing visceral adiposity may mitigate AS risk, thereby lowering the likelihood of cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"164-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Osteoporotic Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Qianqian Dai, Yingying Jin, Yilu Ren, Niaona Wang, Jian Ping Chen, Jie Wang, Tao-Hsin Tung, Peng Wang, Weiying Yang","doi":"10.1159/000551578","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a high risk for osteoporosis (OP), updated evidence on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures (OPFs) is needed. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the risk of incident OPF in patients with RA compared to non-RA controls and to examine this risk stratified by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until October 22, 2025, for cohort studies that compared the incidence of fractures in adults with RA with that in a control group without RA. Two authors independently conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After screening 12,408 records, seven cohort studies were included. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the overall risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 12,408 records identified through database searching, seven cohort studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of OPF, with a RR of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.32-1.64, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis by sex further revealed an elevated risk in both female (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.30-1.49) and male patients with RA (RR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.44-1.97) compared to their respective non-RA control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with RA have a significantly higher risk of developing OPF compared to those without RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Dimension of Childhood Obesity: Costs and Potential of New Anti-Obesity Medications.","authors":"Julian Gomahr, Julia Lischka, Caroline Braet, Marie-Laure Frelut, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Edyta Łuszczki, Dénes Molnár, David Thivel, Gabriel Torbahn, Susanne Ring-Dimitriou, Andrea Vania, Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou, Daniel Weghuber","doi":"10.1159/000546140","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"141-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin Profile of the Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Novel Total Parenteral Nutrition Formula: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial.","authors":"Ken Tsuchiya, Tatsukuni Kawakami, Yusuke Maniwa, Yoshiyuki Kawauchi, Motofusa Katayama","doi":"10.1159/000547656","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Efficacy and safety of a novel total parenteral nutrition formula for chronic kidney disease patients, OPF-109, containing multivitamins based on the FDA2000 recommendation were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a phase III clinical trial administering OPF-109 (n = 63) or the control solutions (combination of marketed products including multivitamin based on American Medical Association 1975 guidelines) (n = 61) to the chronic kidney disease patients for 8 days. Blood concentrations of proteins and vitamins and safety were evaluated. The primary efficacy endpoint was protein concentration (serum T-P, ALB, pre-ALB, transferrin) on day 8. Safety endpoints were hematological data, blood biochemistry data, vital signs, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Values of blood protein until day 8 were similar in 2 groups although those of vitamins B1, B6, C, and folic acid (contained more in OPF-109) were higher in the OPF-109 group. For both groups, vitamin C concentration of day 1 was below the normal range, which restored to within the range in the OPF-109 group but decreased in the control group on day 8. Vitamin K concentration (contained less in OPF-109) was over the normal range on day 1 in both groups and decreased to slightly higher than the normal range in the OPF-109 group while increased to higher than day 1 value in the control group on day 8. Safety was similar in 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Efficacy and safety of OPF-109 and usefulness of multivitamins based on the FDA2000 recommendation formula were confirmed in chronic kidney disease patients. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"36-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor regarding Ostojic 2025 - Creatine Intake and Restrictive Diets.","authors":"Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.1159/000550523","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"180-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Low Creatine Intake among Individuals Following Common Special Diets.","authors":"Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.1159/000549528","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Creatine is a conditionally essential nutrient central to cellular energy metabolism, with roughly half of daily requirements derived from dietary sources found exclusively in animal-based foods. Insufficient dietary creatine intake has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, yet data on creatine adequacy among individuals following special diets remain limited. This study examined the prevalence of low dietary creatine intake among US individuals adhering to different special diets using cumulative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from NHANES 2003-2023 cycles were merged to identify participants (≥1 year old) reporting adherence to a special diet in the Dietary Data domain. Self-reported diets were categorized into thirteen groups (e.g., weight-loss, diabetic, low-fat, low-carbohydrate, gluten-free). Dietary creatine intake, estimated using established methods and excluding supplements, was classified as adequate (≥1 g/day) or inadequate (<1 g/day). Differences in the prevalence of inadequate creatine intake across diet types were assessed using chi-square tests with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8,407 participants (57.8% female; mean age = 45.0 ± 21.5 years) reporting adherence to a single special diet, mean creatine intake was 0.82 ± 0.82 g/day, with 69.5% classified as having inadequate intake. The prevalence of low creatine intake differed significantly across diet types (p < 0.0001), ranging from 83.3% in low-fiber diets to 60.4% in renal diets. Individuals following low-carbohydrate diets exhibited a significantly lower prevalence of inadequate intake (p = 0.00097), while high- and low-fiber, gluten-free, and weight-loss diets were associated with higher prevalence rates. Women showed greater creatine insufficiency than men across several dietary categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inadequate dietary creatine intake is highly prevalent among individuals following a variety of special diets in the US population. Restrictive or plant-forward regimens appear particularly associated with insufficient intake, underscoring the need for nutritional strategies - such as creatine-fortified foods or supplementation - to maintain optimal creatine homeostasis and support metabolic health in at-risk groups. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145538831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}