Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Association between Total Fruit Consumption and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.","authors":"Akane Kojima, Satoyo Ikehara, Junji Miyazaki, Ryo Kawasaki, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1159/000549407","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Whether the consumption of fruits, flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association of total fruit, flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice consumption with the risk of GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 93,759 singleton pregnancies who were enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children's Study remained for the analysis. Total fruit consumption including fruits and 100% fruit juice during the past year in the first trimester was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GDM associated with total fruit, flavonoid-rich fruits, non-flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice consumption were estimated using logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GDM occurred in 2,096 (2.2%) of the 93,759 pregnant women. Total fruit consumption was inversely associated with the risk of GDM; the multivariable ORs (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quartiles of total fruit consumption were 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) (p for trend = 0.013). An increase in total fruit consumption by each 100 g/day was inversely associated with the risk of GDM (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.98], p for trend = 0.001). The multivariable ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of flavonoid-rich fruits consumption was 0.80 (0.70, 0.93) (p for trend = 0.003), whereas that for non-flavonoid-rich fruits consumption was 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) (p for trend = 0.504); 100% fruit juice consumption was inversely associated with the risk of GDM for each 100 mL/day increase (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Total fruit, flavonoid-rich fruits, and 100% fruit juice consumption were inversely associated with risk of GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement on the Association between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.","authors":"Adila Abulaiti, Huanhuan Yu, Junmei Ma, Anikezi Wuji, Honggang Chi","doi":"10.1159/000549716","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. The rising global prevalence of ASD suggests a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental factors. This review explores the establishment of the early life microbiome, highlighting rapid microbial colonization from maternal and environmental sources. Emerging evidence indicates that delivery mode and infant feeding practices may influence ASD susceptibility. Although the concept of a sterile intrauterine environment remains debated, its investigation is valuable. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between diet, gastrointestinal symptoms, and ASD, evaluates the gut-brain axis as a mechanistic framework, and assesses the therapeutic potential of microbial interventions. The bidirectional \"microbiota-gut-brain axis\" has emerged as a critical pathway linking gut microbiota and brain function, offering potential therapeutic targets for ASD. Dietary patterns in children with ASD are often characterized by selectivity and restriction, which may disrupt gut microbiota composition and exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms, thereby increasing ASD risk. Nutritional interventions and early behavioral therapies are thus essential. Key Messages: The gluten-free, casein-free diet remains controversial, with inconsistent evidence regarding its efficacy. Probiotic supplementation shows strain-specific effects, necessitating rigorous evaluation before clinical application. Given the heterogeneity of ASD, pharmacological treatments have shown limited universal efficacy. While promising findings have emerged from research on probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, further well-designed clinical studies are needed to elucidate the complex etiology of ASD and validate therapeutic strategies. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMIC BURDEN OF OBESITY IN HUNGARY.","authors":"Emese Antal, Péter Torzsa, Imre Rurik","doi":"10.1159/000547338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a significant threat to national and global public health in terms of its prevalence and economic burden due to obesity-related complications (ORCs) and morbidities. The aim of this study is to calculate obesity-related public expenditures in Hungary in order to estimate the expenses and contribution of patients in 2019 and in 2022, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Expenditures related to patients with obesity, who suffered from more frequent co-morbidities, were requested from the national database of the National Health Insurance Fund. Financial information related to the inpatient and the outpatient providers and reimbursement for the prescription of medicines and healing aids was collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obesity-related morbidities represent 10-12 % of all cases in the public health care system. National public health care expenses were reported to be close to HUF 144 billion (EUR 444 million) for 2019 and HUF 133 billion (EUR 393 million) for 2022. These sums represent 7-11% of the total national spending for health care provision, not accounting for sick leave expenditures. The co-payment of patients was estimated to be around HUF 34 billion (EUR 104 million) for 2019 and HUF 43 billion (EUR 109 million) for 2022. Public expenditures and co-payments related to Type 2 diabetes and hypertension were the highest. Public and individual expenditures represent 0.3-0.4% of the GDP, which is equivalent to EUR 56 and EUR 52 per capita, respectively, for all inhabitants of the country.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reducing these high expenses is possible through the introduction of appropriate education and public health policies to prevent obesity at an individual level and enable weight reduction among persons living with obesity. To calculate the cost of obesity, an international consensus on standardized methods is required to improve homogeneity and comparability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Flavia Indrio, Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1159/000540495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Nutrition and the Lifelong Health of Their Offspring.","authors":"Andrew Prentice","doi":"10.1159/000542383","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Fat-Related Body Composition in Early Pregnancy for Macrosomia Using Propensity Score Matching.","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhu, Ran Tao, Zhouxing Liao","doi":"10.1159/000547740","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of fat-related body composition in early pregnancy for macrosomia and facilitate early screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 949 women who delivered at Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital) between March 2021 and March 2022, categorized into 54 macrosomia, 869 normal-weight, and 26 low-weight deliveries. At 13 weeks gestation, maternal adiposity indices, including fat mass index (FMI) and percent body fat, were measured. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a 1:2 ratio to compare 53 macrosomic mothers with 106 normal mothers, controlling for maternal height, gestational age, and neonatal sex. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for macrosomia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The macrosomia group exhibited significantly higher prepregnancy BMI (22.44 vs. 20.95 kg/m2), body fat percentage (32.41% vs. 29.58%), and FMI (7.16 vs. 6.09 kg/m2, all p < 0.001) than the control group. Notably, FMI (OR = 1.428, 95% CI: 1.017, 2.003, p = 0.039) and gestational age (OR = 1.619, 95% CI: 1.095, 2.395, p = 0.016) emerged as independent risk factors for macrosomia. The diagnostic accuracy of FMI for predicting macrosomia was moderate, with an area under the curve of 73.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FMI during early pregnancy can serve as a predictive marker for macrosomia. Due to the objectivity and simplicity, FMI can be incorporated into prenatal care, which enables targeted lifestyle interventions, such as dietary counseling and exercise, reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"338-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Early-Life Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies.","authors":"Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1159/000541492","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota, or microbiome, is essential for human health. Early-life factors such as delivery mode, diet, and antibiotic use shape its composition, impacting both short- and long-term health outcomes. Dysbiosis, or alterations in the gut microbiota, is linked to conditions such as allergies, asthma, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article reviews current strategies to influence the early-life gut microbiome and their potential health impacts. It also briefly summarizes guidelines on using biotics for gastrointestinal and allergic diseases in children. Key strategies include vaginal or fecal microbiota transplantation for cesarean-born infants, breastfeeding, and biotic-supplemented formulas. While vaginal microbial transfer and maternal fecal microbiota transplantation show short-term benefits, further research is needed to determine long-term safety and efficacy. Breast milk, rich in human milk oligosaccharides, promotes a healthy microbiota and offers protection against infections. Biotic-supplemented formulas can improve the gut microbiota in formula-fed infants and show clinical effects, though each biotic must be evaluated separately. Probiotics given as dietary supplements outside of infant formulas show promise for treating gastrointestinal disorders but require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota-Bone Axis.","authors":"Flavia Indrio, Alessia Salatto","doi":"10.1159/000541999","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge of the complex interplay between gut microbiota and human health is gradually increasing as it has just recently been a field of such great interest.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Recent studies have reported that communities of microorganisms inhabiting the gut influence the immune system through cellular responses and shape many physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). Specifically, the gut microbiota affects skeletal homeostasis through changes in host metabolism, the immune system, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The major role on gut-bone axis is due to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). They have the ability to influence regulatory T-cell (Tregs) development and activate bone metabolism through the action of Wnt10. SCFA production may be a mechanism by which the microbial community, by increasing the serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leads to the growth and regulation of bone homeostasis. A specific SCFA, butyrate, diffuses into the bone marrow where it expands Tregs. The Tregs induce production of the Wnt ligand Wnt10b by CD8+ T cells, leading to activation of Wnt signaling and stimulation of bone formation. At the hormonal level, the effect of the gut microbiota on bone homeostasis is expressed through the biphasic action of serotonin. Some microbiota, such as spore-forming microbes, regulate the level of serotonin in the gut, serum, and feces. Another group of bacterial species (Lactococcus, Mucispirillum, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium) can increase the level of peripheral/vascular leptin, which in turn manages bone homeostasis through the action of brain serotonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehabilitation: Do We Need Metabolic Flexibility?","authors":"Nicholas Tetlow, John Whittle","doi":"10.1159/000545266","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic flexibility, the capacity to switch between energy sources in response to changing physiological demands, emerges as a critical determinant of perioperative resilience. In the context of surgery, where metabolic demands are high and energy homeostasis is disrupted, patients with metabolic inflexibility may experience worse outcomes due to impaired immune responses and heightened insulin resistance, resulting in prolonged recovery times.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article explores the implications of metabolic flexibility in the perioperative period and examines the potential for prehabilitation strategies, such as targeted exercise and nutritional interventions, to improve patient readiness for surgery. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is discussed as a valuable assessment tool for metabolic flexibility, capable of providing insights into a patient's fuel adaptability and overall metabolic health preoperatively. Evidence suggests that targeted exercise and nutritional strategies can enhance mitochondrial function, improve nutrient-sensing pathways, and increase substrate oxidation, which may reduce perioperative complications and support immune resilience.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Future research should prioritise refining methods to identify metabolically inflexible patients and tailoring prehabilitation interventions to optimise metabolic flexibility. Enhancing perioperative metabolic readiness is important for populations vulnerable to metabolic dysfunction, such as those with obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Aligning metabolic optimisation with surgical recovery demands may help establish new standards in perioperative care and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Global Infant Feeding Policies Respect the United Nations Principles on the Rights of Children and Families?","authors":"Stewart Forsyth","doi":"10.1159/000546054","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under the terms of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), governments are now required to enable all children to fulfil their full potential with the key principles being non-discrimination, the right to life and development, the best interests of the child, and the right to be heard. A recent statement by UNICEF indicated that implementation of the principles of the UNCRC provide a pathway for WHO, WHA, and UNICEF global infant feeding policy documents to be introduced into domestic law. But these documents are not recent and have not been updated, and they represent high levels of non-compliance. Moreover, do they actually comply with the principles set out in the UNCRC?</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Global decisions on infant feeding are being made by organisations who are distant from family circumstances and primarily reflect the views of WHO/UNICEF and activist groups. Evidence of dismissal of public consultation is discriminatory, and an unwillingness to manage differences of opinion is a denial of the right to be heard.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>National governments can serve the best interests of the child through sovereign rights, national responsibility and accountability, and development of national infant feeding policies that reflect UNCRC principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}