Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Course and Prognosis of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-Defined Malnutrition in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Tomoka Miyagi, Minoru Yoshida, Naoki Kanda, Shinya Suganuma, Akane Kariya, Yusuke Hoshi, Takahiro Fujita, Kensei Togo, Tomoaki Obata, Kenzo Ishii, Katsuyuki Abe, Chihiro Sato, Yoshifumi Heshiki, Daisetsu Yasumura, Shizuko Gomi, Masafumi Takahashi, Takashi Hongo, Keiji Sakurai, Miho Nishihara, Yuko Matsuda, Kiyota Chinen, Akiko Arai, Michihiro Maeda, Yuhei Irie, Hiroshi Kamijo, Kana Hosokawa, Daisuke Kasugai, Michiko Higashi, Ayaka Matsuoka, Hirotaka Ogawa, Yuichi Araki, Kenji Oike, Daigo Shimakura, Hajime Katsukawa, Toru Kotani, Takayuki Ogura, Keibun Liu, Kensuke Nakamura","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag005","DOIUrl":"10.1159/anm/abmag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sepsis is a critical condition with a high nutritional risk and mortality. Although the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have been proposed for diagnosing malnutrition, their clinical relevance in sepsis remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a descriptive study on GLIM-defined malnutrition in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis to investigate its clinical course and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter prospective study conducted at 15 centers. Malnutrition was identified at ICU admission when both phenotypic and etiologic criteria were present. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality or a decline in activities of daily living (Barthel Index <90) at discharge. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, use of parenteral nutrition, and days to achievement of each ICU Mobility Scale level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 254 patients, 106 (41.7%) had malnutrition. The malnutrition group showed a significantly higher occurrence of the composite of in-hospital mortality and Barthel index <90 (76.4% vs. 64.2%, p = 0.04) and had significantly longer ICU stays (7 vs. 5, p = 0.001). Total nutrition delivery did not significantly differ between groups, while a higher percentage of patients in the malnutrition group received parenteral nutrition (57.6% vs. 43.2%, p = 0.02). Significant delays in achieving higher mobility levels were observed in the malnutrition group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLIM-defined malnutrition in patients with sepsis was significantly associated with the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or Barthel index <90 at discharge. These results suggest the clinical importance of an early GLIM assessment after ICU admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Fat, High-Protein, Carbohydrate-Restricted Dietary Interventions in Pompe Disease: A Case Series with Long-Term Follow-Up.","authors":"Pelin Teke Kisa, Beyza Belde Dogan, Tanyel Zubarioglu, Ilayda Apaydin, Esra Er, Mehmet Cihan Balci, Duygu Uzun Dincturk, Merve Bilen, Emine Didem Demirdoken, Zeynep Akisin, Esma Uygur, Semra Erkmen, Ilknur Hacioglu, Hanim Seyma Topuz, Duygu Cubukcu, Orkide Guzel, Ertugrul Kiykim, Ayse Cigdem Aktuglu Zeybek, Gulden Gokcay, Hasan Önal, Nur Arslan","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/anm/abmag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pompe disease (PD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive glycogen accumulation leading to cardiomyopathy and motor decline. Despite the survival benefits of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the long-term clinical course is often complicated by persistent skeletal muscle pathology, necessitating effective adjunctive interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of a high fat, high protein, carbohydrate-restricted dietary intervention in patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collected included the initial and duration of dietary treatment, total caloric intake, macronutrient distribution, the ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein and any reported adverse effects, such as weight loss, micronutrient deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients (7 IOPD, 5 LOPD; median diet initiation age: 14 months for IOPD, 52 months for LOPD) maintained individualized carbohydrate-restricted, high-fat dietary therapies for >3 months, with a median follow-up duration of 23.5 (range, 3-48) months. Dietary protocols ranged from classic ketogenic diet to modified Atkins and low-carbohydrate high-fat regimens, providing 54-82% of total daily energy from fat alongside a high absolute protein intake (1.7-4.0 g/kg/day) to prevent muscle catabolism. All patients received concurrent ERT, except one LOPD patient managed exclusively with dietary therapy. The median duration of diet was 23.5(3-48) months. Stabilization or mild-to-moderate improvements in motor function, proximal muscle strength, and physical endurance (e.g., 6-minute walk test distance) were achieved across follow-up. The dietary interventions were well tolerated with no serious diet-related adverse events. A significant reduction in creatine kinase (CK) levels was observed between baseline and the third month of the diet (p=0.015). No serious adverse effects were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These real-world findings suggest that a high fat, high protein, carbohydrate-restricted dietary approaches may serve as feasible adjunctive therapies in the management of PD. Further prospective and controlled studies are warranted to clarify their long-term efficacy, safety, and metabolic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Metabolic Flexibility in Transition from Rest to Submaximal Running Metabolic Flexibility in Males and Females.","authors":"Goncalo V Mendonca, Margarida Cidrais, Analiza Mónica Silva","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag007","DOIUrl":"10.1159/anm/abmag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ability of an organism to shift nutrient oxidation in response to energy requirements and fluctuations in substrate availability is termed metabolic flexibility. This study aimed at exploring differences in the metabolic flexibility of well-trained males and females in transition from rest to steady-state treadmill running within the moderate intensity domain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) completed a maximal running test on a motorized treadmill (day 1). Then, on a nonconsecutive day (day 2), all participants were tested during 10 min of seated rest and 6 min of running at 55% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Participants were matched based on age and percentage achieved of predicted VO_2max values (∼150% of predicted VO_2max for both sexes). Metabolic flexibility was quantified as the β slope of the magnitude of fat oxidation increment stimulated by an increase of 1 kcal·min-1 in energy expenditure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females exhibited a steeper β coefficient describing the relationship between energy expenditure and fat oxidation (p = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data show that females display greater metabolic flexibility than males in transition from rest to running at 55% VO_2peak. Since the participants from both sexes were matched for the percentage of predicted VO_2max, these differences are unlikely to be explained by training status alone, and instead likely reflect intrinsic sex-specific metabolic regulation during submaximal exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the 35th Annual European Childhood Obesity Group Congress.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag001","DOIUrl":"10.1159/anm/abmag001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Statement: Digitally Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Inflammation-Guided Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Survival After Abdominoperineal Resection (APR): A Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Cohort Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/anm/abmag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors' accepted manuscript \"Digitally Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Inflammation-Guided Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Survival After Abdominoperineal Resection (APR): A Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled Cohort Study.\" [Ann Nutr Metab. 2026; https://doi.org/10.1159/000550675] by Shengjie Pan and Gang Wang has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editor.After peer review, the accepted, unedited manuscript was published online as Early View. Before the final Version of Record was published, concerns were identified regarding the accuracy of the reference list. An initial review found that two references could not be verified using the bibliographic information provided. The authors supplied replacement references and stated that they had revalidated the remaining references in the article. During subsequent production checks, additional inaccuracies were identified in the reference list. These included references that could not be located using the information provided and instances in which the supplied DOI did not correspond to the article cited. The authors subsequently provided a substantially revised reference list.Following editorial assessment, the Editor-in-Chief concluded that the number and nature of the inaccurate references undermined confidence in the reliability of the manuscript and, as a consequence, rescinded their original, acceptance decision. Consequently, the published author's accepted manuscript has been retracted. The authors did not respond within the given timeframe to indicate agreement or disagreement with this decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Protein Intake and Physical Fitness in Adolescence.","authors":"Laurent Béghin, Jérémy Vanhelst, Angel Gutierrez, Emeline Caillau, Giannis Arnaoutis, Kurt Widhalm, Yannis Manios, Luis A Moreno, Frédéric Gottrand","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag004","DOIUrl":"10.1159/anm/abmag004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether protein sources are differentially associated with physical fitness (PF) components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study participants were 796 adolescent boys and 881 girls (age range, 12.5-17.5 years) participating in the HELENA study. Standardized PF procedures included upper body muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, and lower body explosive strength. Proteins sources were assessed using 3 days of dietary recalls and data were analyzed using a linear mixed regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both boys and girls, only CRF was associated with plant-protein intake in the unadjusted and adjusted models. No association was found between PF components and animal protein intake. The association between total protein intake and CRF was only significant in boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study findings indicate that plant protein intake is positively associated with CRF, thereby supporting the recommendation to move toward a more plant-based diet to reduce the well-described longitudinal decline in CRF with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of oropharyngeal dysphagia and malnutrition inhospitalized adult patients: A prospective observational Study.","authors":"Sibel Eyigör, Kerem Öztürk, Ömer Faruk Karakoç, Idil Aleyna Bilici","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/anm/abmag003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate prevalence and clinical correlates of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and malnutrition in hospitalized adult patients and to characterize 6-month outcomes among patients with OD at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1955 consecutive patients (mean±SD age: 56.8±16.23 years, 54.8% were males) hospitalized at a tertiary center were included. Data on Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), functional oral intake scale (FOIS) and Holden functional ambulation classification scale (Holden FAC) were recorded. Patients diagnosed with dysphagia at baseline were re-evaluated at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Malnutrition and dysphagia were noted in 42.5% and 22.6% of patients, respectively. Dysphagia symptoms were highly prevalent (22.5% to 66.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed increase in EAT-10 scores with lower MNA scores (B, -0.206; 95% CI, -0.327 to -0.085; p=0.001), lower FOIS scores (B, -0.902; 95% CI, -1.349 to -0.455; p<0.001) and non-solid diet type (B, -1.311; 95% CI, -2.169 to -0.454; p=0.003). In addition, decrease in MNA scores (likelihood of malnutrition) was predicted by higher EAT-10 scores (B, -0.073; 95% CI, -0.114 to -0.031; p=0.001), lower FOIS scores (B, 0.440; 95% CI, 0.191 to 0.688; p=0.001), lower Holden FAC scores (B, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.622 to 0.883; p<0.001), non-solid diet (B, -1.178; 95% CI, -1.647 to -0.710; p<0.001) and previous hospitalization (B, -0.744; 95% CI, -1.259 to -0.229; p=0.005). Of the 441 patients with OD at baseline, 137 (31.1%) died and 59 (13.4%) were lost to follow-up. Among the 245 patients reassessed at 6 months, OD persisted in 81 (33.1%) and resolved in 164 (66.9%). Persistent OD was associated with higher baseline EAT-10 scores and lower baseline MNA and FOIS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our findings revealed higher prevalence of malnutrition alongside OD and highly prevalent dysphagia symptoms in hospitalized patients. Importantly, a considerable proportion of patients demonstrate persistent dysphagia at 6 months, highlighting the need for early identification and long-term follow-up. Presence of OD or malnutrition seems to significantly predict the risk of each other, while higher EAT and lower MNA scores were also associated with poor ambulatory status and decreased functional oral intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrient Deficiencies after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Satoru Kikuchi, Ryohei Shoji, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Shunya Hanzawa, Hajime Kashima, Yoshihiko Kakiuchi, Shinji Kuroda, Shunsuke Tanabe, Kazuhiro Noma, Shunsuke Kagawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara","doi":"10.1159/anm/abmag002","DOIUrl":"10.1159/anm/abmag002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Deficiencies of trace elements, including zinc, copper, and selenium, after gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC) have not been elucidated, although those of iron and vitamin B12 are well documented. This study aimed to assess micronutrient deficiencies among patients with GC before and after different types of gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study enrolled 112 patients with GC who underwent curative gastrectomy, and clinical data were obtained after gastrectomy in patients without tumor recurrence. Patients were assigned into four surgical groups: distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction, distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, proximal gastrectomy with double-flap technique reconstruction, and total gastrectomy (TG). Serum trace element levels were recorded in addition to iron and vitamin B12 during the preoperative and postoperative follow-up periods until 24 months after surgery. In postoperative iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, these supplementations were performed at the direction of a physician.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significant time effects for selenium, copper, iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, and vitamin B12 (p < 0.001), whereas no significant time effect was observed for zinc. Significant time-by-surgery interactions were observed for selenium (p = 0.016), copper (p = 0.014), ferritin (p = 0.023), and hemoglobin (p = 0.001), indicating that postoperative trajectories differed according to surgical procedure for these outcomes. Zinc deficiency was observed in 51.8% of patients with GC before surgery, and a significant time-by-preoperative serum zinc status interaction was observed (p < 0.001), indicating that postoperative serum zinc levels in patients with preoperative zinc deficiency remained low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum iron, vitamin B12, and selenium levels decline over time following gastrectomy. Iron and selenium deficiencies were pronounced in patients who underwent TG. There was a high prevalence of preoperative zinc deficiency, and postoperative serum zinc levels in these patients remained low. Serum micronutrient levels should be monitored carefully before and after gastrectomy, and supplementation should be provided as needed, particularly in TG.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrageenan: Food Additive or Health Concern? A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Sedat Arslan, Merve Kiyar, İpek Akyüz, Oumaima Afailal, Rumeysa Nur Sari, Moutessim Hassan Zİber, Ayça Aydin","doi":"10.1159/000553204","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweeds, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Its widespread use in the Western diet and processed foods has raised scientific interest regarding its health effects. Evidence remains contradictory: some studies report antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory benefits, whereas others suggest potential adverse outcomes, including impaired glucose metabolism, intestinal inflammation, and immune dysregulation. These effects appear to depend on carrageenan type, molecular weight, purity, dosage, and host-related factors. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EFSA generally consider carrageenan safe, although concerns remain regarding infant formulas and long-term exposure.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Carrageenan cannot be uniformly classified as beneficial or harmful. Its biological effects are context-specific, and further well-designed clinical and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify dose-response relationships, safety in vulnerable populations, and implications for industry and public health nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the Use of Anamorelin Hydrochloride for Cancer Cachexia: Examining the Timing of Anamorelin Initiation.","authors":"Matoka Okamoto, Koji Karasawa, Masahiro Chiba","doi":"10.1159/000553255","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer cachexia is a clinically important condition associated with worsening nutritional status and difficulty in continuing anticancer treatment. Although multimodal approaches combining exercise, nutritional support, and pharmacological treatment may improve symptoms and delay disease progression, the optimal timing of pharmacological intervention remains unclear. Conventional diagnostic criteria have largely been based on Western populations and may not adequately identify patients at an earlier stage in Asian populations. In 2023, the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) proposed diagnostic criteria more suitable for Asian populations; however, it remains unclear to what extent this change has been reflected in real-world prescribing practices for anamorelin. In this study, we examined the anamorelin prescribing trends before and after the introduction of the AWGC criteria and evaluated the associations of cachexia stage and baseline performance status (PS) with treatment continuation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received anamorelin between April 2021 and March 2025 at Showa Medical University Hospital and Showa Medical University Northern Yokohama Hospital. The primary outcome was the duration of treatment continuation. Secondary evaluation focused on chronological changes in the PS. Prescribing patterns before and after the introduction of the AWGC criteria were compared, and subgroup analyses were performed according to Fearon's classification and baseline PS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 130 patients prescribed anamorelin during the study period, data from 98 were included in the final analysis after exclusions. Overall, 68 and 30 patients were classified into the pre-AWGC and post-AWGC groups, respectively, with no major differences in key background characteristics or clear changes in the prescribing patterns between the groups. According to Fearon's classification, 90 and 8 patients had cachexia and pre-cachexia, respectively. The pre-cachexia group exhibited a significantly longer continuation duration than did the cachexia group (median: 211.5 vs. 34.5 days, log-rank p = 0.013). Patients with baseline PS of 0-1 demonstrated a significantly longer continuation duration than did those with a PS of 2-4 (median 71 vs. 25 days, log-rank p < 0.001). No marked deterioration in the PS over time was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prescribing patterns of anamorelin did not substantially change after the introduction of the AWGC criteria. Conversely, longer treatment continuation was observed in patients at an earlier stage of cachexia and in those with preserved baseline PS. Thus, in addition to updated diagnostic criteria, earlier intervention and initiation at a stage with better general condition may be important when optimizing the timing of anamorelin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8269,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}